Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Ahren
Summary: In this study, the contribution of GIP and GLP-1 to insulin response to oral glucose in female mice was investigated using receptor antagonists. It was found that both GIP and GLP-1 are required for a normal incretin effect in female mice, and no other incretin hormone is likely present in this species.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiming Tan, Seun E. Akindehin, Camila E. Orsso, Richelle C. Waldner, Richard D. DiMarchi, Timo D. Mueller, Andrea M. Haqq
Summary: GLP-1 has been extensively studied as a therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Improvement in the pharmacokinetic profile of GLP-1R agonists and the recent clinical success of GIPR agonists have opened up new possibilities for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael A. Nauck, Daniel R. Quast, Jakob Wefers, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
Summary: Incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 play a significant role in insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the gut-endocrine pancreas axis. They also have additional effects on bone remodelling, lipid storage, gastric emptying, and may provide benefits for cardiovascular complications and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent research on GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonists has renewed interest in the potential therapeutic applications of incretin hormones.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Julia Ast, Johannes Broichhagen, David J. Hodson
Summary: GLP1R and GIPR are important targets for diabetes and obesity treatment, but little is known about their localization and detection. The low abundance of GLP1R and GIPR, along with a lack of specific reagents, complicates the understanding of their mechanisms of action in target organs.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melinda Danowitz, Diva D. De Leon
Summary: Incretin hormones, especially GLP-1, play an important role in the pathophysiology of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Understanding the mechanisms of incretin hormones is crucial for exploring GLP-1 receptor as a therapeutic target for these conditions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Benedikt A. Aulinger, David A. D'Alessio
Summary: This study compares two different methods to measure the incretin effect and suggests various calculation methods to interpret the results. The study finds that both techniques have similar quantitative results and can be used to measure the incretin effect.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jonathan M. Wilson, Yanzhu Lin, M. Jane Luo, Gary Considine, Amy L. Cox, Lenden M. Bowsman, Deborah A. Robins, Axel Haupt, Kevin L. Duffin, Giacomo Ruotolo
Summary: In a phase 2 trial, tirzepatide reduced HbA1c and body weight dose-dependently in patients with type 2 diabetes, and also decreased several biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk factors, showing potential positive effects on cardiovascular health.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. M. Rings, A. M. Kamr, H. M. Kinsella, L. D. Hostnik, J. M. Swink, T. A. Burns, K. Christie, J. B. David, R. E. Toribio
Summary: This study investigated the enteroinsular axis (EIA) in hospitalized foals by measuring serum insulin and plasma incretin concentrations, revealing differences between hospitalized/septic foals and healthy foals. The study found that certain hormone concentrations were associated with disease severity and outcome in foals, suggesting potential mechanisms contributing to reduced insulin secretion in critically ill foals.
DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kateryna Pierzynowska, Piotr Wychowanski, Kamil Zaworski, Jaroslaw Wolinski, Janine Donaldson, Stefan Pierzynowski
Summary: The AIA axis concept explains the anatomical placement of the Langerhans islets in the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma and the role of amylase as an anti-incretin factor. Oral administration of amylase improves glucose metabolism and reduces insulin resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vincent Marks
Summary: The aim of this personal reminiscence is to introduce the seminal work carried out in the 1960s and 1970s that paved the way for the development of highly effective long-acting GLP-1R agonists and GLP1R/GIPR co-agonists, which are currently used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The article highlights the contributions made by the author's collaborators Ellis Samols and Desmond Turner in understanding the nature and significance of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (enteroglucagon) and GIP. The identification of the potent incretin GLP-1(7-36)amide in the 1980s aligned with the earlier postulations by Samols and others in 1966 regarding the existence of a glucagon-like substance with incretin-like properties.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arihiro Kiyosue, Julia P. Dunn, Xuewei Cui, Ana Hickey, Tetsuaki Hirase, Takeshi Imaoka, Robert J. Heine
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in East Asian individuals of different ages and body mass index (BMI). Data from clinical trials in East Asian countries were analyzed, and the results showed that tirzepatide had similar safety and efficacy profiles in East Asian participants, regardless of age and BMI.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pamela Bowman, Kashyap A. Patel, Timothy J. McDonald, Jens J. Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Maria Leveridge, Beverley M. Shields, Suzie Hammersley, Steve R. Spaull, Bridget A. Knight, Sarah E. Flanagan, Maggie H. Shepherd, Rob C. Andrews, Andrew T. Hattersley
Summary: This study aimed to assess the incretin hormone response to carbohydrate and protein/fat in individuals with sulfonylurea-treated KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes. The results showed that post-meal GLP-1 and GIP secretion were similar in cases and controls, suggesting that this process is independent of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
John Bucheit, Jessica Ayers, Lauren Pamulapati, Audrieanna Browning, Evan Sisson
Summary: The incretin hormone system is an important target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can lower blood sugar and weight, but have no effect on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Tirzepatide is a novel incretin agent that acts on both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, and has good glucose-lowering and weight loss effects.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideaki Kaneto, Tomohiko Kimura, Masashi Shimoda, Atsushi Obata, Junpei Sanada, Yoshiro Fushimi, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Kohei Kaku
Summary: Various transcription factors in the pancreas play important roles in pancreas development, differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells, and preservation of mature beta-cell function. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the expression levels of insulin gene transcription factors are suppressed due to prolonged exposure to high glucose levels, leading to beta-cell failure. In addition, coronavirus infection directly infects beta-cells, causing cell death and reduced insulin secretion.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nanna Thurmann Jorgensen, Trine Moller Erichsen, Morten Buus Jorgensen, Thomas Idorn, Bo Feldt-Rasmussen, Jens J. Holst, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Marianne Klose
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatment regimens on glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP secretion in patients with active acromegaly. The results showed that treatment with SSA impaired GIP response and other hormone responses. Co-treatment with PEG increased insulin and glucagon secretion compared to treatment with SSA alone. PEG may exert its action through GH-receptors on pancreatic delta-cells.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
R. Charlotte Moffett, Violetta Naughton
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dipak Sarnobat, Charlotte R. Moffett, Neil Tanday, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble, Peter R. Flatt, Andrei I. Tarasov
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Galyna Graham, J. Michael Conlon, R. Charlotte Moffett, Yasser H. Abdel-Wahab, Peter R. Flatt
Summary: The study showed that long-acting, dual-agonist anti-diabetic peptides can induce alpha-cell to beta-cell transdifferentiation, leading to increased pancreatic insulin content and plasma insulin concentrations. This suggests therapeutic potential for using proglucagon-derived peptides from phylogenetical ancient fish in diabetes treatment.
JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenjiro Kumano, Mazhar A. Kanak, Prathab Balaji Saravanan, J. P. Blanck, Yang Liu, Srividya Vasu, Michael Lawrence, Bashoo Naziruddin
Summary: Withaferin A may reduce inflammation and prolong allograft survival by inhibiting dendritic cell maturation and T-cell proliferation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Sarnobat, R. C. Moffett, P. R. Flatt, A. I. Tarasov
Summary: The study showed that metformin and rosiglitazone can help slow down the reduction of beta-cell pool in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, while tolbutamide may exacerbate beta-cell apoptosis but potentially protect beta-cells from chronic hyperglycemia by increasing insulin secretion directly.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jordan Mattke, Srividya Vasu, Carly M. M. Darden, Kenjiro Kumano, Michael C. C. Lawrence, Bashoo Naziruddin
Summary: Exosomes play a crucial role in studying diagnostic markers for islet cell viability and function in islet transplantation. They may have an impact on the success of islet transplantation and could potentially be used as a therapeutic tool.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Prawej Ansari, Peter R. Flatt, Patrick Harriott, J. M. A. Hannan, Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab
Summary: The study demonstrated the antidiabetic effects of Acacia arabica bark extract, showing potential as a treatment for diabetes. The isolated phytoconstituents, including quercetin and kaempferol, improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, indicating the benefits of using them as antidiabetic agents.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yang Liu, Srividya Vasu, Kenjiro Kumano, Jeffrey A. SoRelle, Michael C. Lawrence, Bashoo Naziruddin
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carly M. Darden, Srividya Vasu, Jordan Mattke, Yang Liu, Christopher J. Rhodes, Bashoo Naziruddin, Michael C. Lawrence
Summary: The study reveals that calcineurin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways play important roles in maintaining beta-cell function, but prolonged exposure to stress or perturbation of these pathways may lead to beta-cell dedifferentiation and dysfunction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ananyaa Sridhar, Dawood Khan, Mahmoud Abdelaal, Jessie A. Elliott, Violetta Naughton, Peter R. Flatt, Carel W. Le Roux, Neil G. Docherty, Charlotte R. Moffett
Summary: Modification of gut-islet secretions after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass surgery contributes to its metabolic and anti-diabetic benefits. Limited knowledge exists on tissue-specific hormone distribution post-surgery and how it compares with medical treatment. This study provides insights into the cellular adaptations following surgery and medical treatment that contribute to the amelioration of obesity-diabetes phenotype in an animal model.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Julie Turbitt, Lorraine Brennan, R. Charlotte Moffett, Peter R. Flatt, Paul R. V. Johnson, Andrei I. Tarasov, Neville H. McClenaghan
Summary: The study found that taurine, alanine, and proline can promote insulin secretion through the regulation of ion transport and inhibition of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter. This action of taurine may have potential value in the treatment of diabetes.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Srividya Vasu, Jiemin M. Yang, James Hodges, Maisam A. Abu-El-Haija, David B. Adams, Appakalai N. Balamurugan, Greg J. Beilman, Srinath Chinnakotla, Darwin L. Conwell, Martin L. Freeman, Timothy B. Gardner, Betul Hatipoglu, Varvara Kirchner, Luis F. Lara, Katherine A. Morgan, Jaimie D. Nathan, Andrew Posselt, Timothy L. Pruett, Sarah J. Schwarzenberg, Vikesh K. Singh, Martin Wijkstrom, Piotr Witkowski, Bashoo Naziruddin, Melena D. Bellin
Summary: The study investigated the associations between circulating miRNAs and patient, disease, and islet isolation characteristics in TPIAT patients. The results revealed different miRNAs were associated with genetic risk, toxic/metabolic diseases, exocrine insufficiency, and islet autotransplant outcomes.
CELL TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
