Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Geir H. Bolstad, Sten Karlsson, Ingerid J. Hagen, Peder Fiske, Kurt Urdal, Harald Saegrov, Bjorn Floro-Larsen, Vegard P. Sollien, Gunnel Ostborg, Ola H. Diserud, Arne J. Jensen, Kjetil Hindar
Summary: After fifty years of salmon farming, the study found that genetic introgression from farmed escapees can accelerate the growth rate of wild Atlantic salmon and lead to earlier seaward migration and sexual maturity, with significant variation among populations. Additionally, variation at major-effect loci associated with age at maturity was minimally affected by farmed genetic ancestry.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Meadhbh Moriarty, Stephen C. Ives, Joanne M. Murphy, Alexander G. Murray
Summary: In order to protect wild salmon in areas where salmon aquaculture is practiced, it is important to understand the impact of the salmon louse on these wild salmon. A modelling structure was implemented in Scotland to assess the interaction between wild salmon and salmon lice from farms. The model considered the production and distribution of lice, infection rates on hosts, and the development of lice. The results showed that the impact of salmon lice depended on the size of the host, with smaller smolts being more susceptible.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Ian R. Bradbury, Sarah Jean Lehnert, Tony Kess, Mallory Van Wyngaarden, Steven Duffy, Amber M. Messmer, Brendan Wringe, Silje Karoliussen, J. Brian Dempson, Ian A. Fleming, Monica Favnebe Solberg, Kevin A. Glover, Paul Bentzen
Summary: Gene flow between wild and domestic populations has been demonstrated in various species. This study found evidence of European gene introgression into North American aquaculture salmon, despite the absence of approval for the use of European salmon in Canada. The results suggest that individuals with European ancestry have been used and escaped into the wild, potentially impacting wild salmon populations.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Svetlana Esenkulova, Chrys Neville, Emiliano DiCicco, Isobel Pearsall
Summary: A four year study in Cowichan Bay, Canada found potential linkages between phytoplankton composition and abundance and the feeding and histopathology of juvenile salmon. Dense blooms of certain species of algae led to reduced feeding in Chinook salmon, and damage to gills and pathological changes in livers.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mark T. Brown, Silvio Viglia, Dave Love, Frank Asche, Elizabeth Nussbaumer, Jillian Fry, Ray Hilborn, Roni Neff
Summary: This study examines the environmental dependency and sustainability of wild caught sockeye salmon fishery in Alaska and Atlantic salmon aquaculture in Norway. The results indicate that labor and services have a significant impact on both production systems at the processing stage, with a high emergy sustainability index (ESI) for the sockeye fishery.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
O. H. Diserud, P. Fiske, S. Karlsson, K. A. Glover, T. Naesje, T. Aronsen, G. Bakke, B. T. Barlaup, J. Erkinaro, B. Floro-Larsen, A. Foldvik, M. Heino, O. Kanstad-Hanssen, H. Lo, R. A. Lund, R. Muladal, E. Niemela, F. Okland, G. M. Ostborg, H. Ottera, O. Skaala, H. Skoglund, I Solberg, M. F. Solberg, V. P. Sollien, H. Saegrov, K. Urdal, V Wennevik, K. Hindar
Summary: The marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon has led to rapid genetic changes in captive populations, which can result in genetic introgression and maladaptation in wild populations. This study examines the factors influencing the proportion of escaped farmed salmon in wild populations and the level of introgression. The results indicate that farming intensity and river discharge increase the proportion of escaped salmon, while a larger wild salmon population reduces the proportion of escapees. Introgression is primarily determined by the proportion of escaped farmed salmon, rather than local environmental factors or salmon population characteristics. Establishing marine protected areas without salmon aquaculture may help mitigate the risk of intrusion and introgression.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yunhe Hong, Nicholas Birse, Brian Quinn, Yicong Li, Wenyang Jia, Saskia van Ruth, Christopher T. Elliott
Summary: In this study, the difference between wild and farmed salmon production was successfully characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) combined with chemometric analysis. The established method involved multivariate analysis techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), to identify distinctive features in wild and farmed salmon products. The proposed method achieved 100% classification accuracy in discriminating farmed and wild salmon, as well as distinguishing different species of wild salmon. The results suggest that this method could be used as a reference for detecting salmon fraud related to production type and expand the application of MALDI-ToF technology in food authenticity testing.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Shad Mahlum, Knut Wiik Vollset, Bjorn T. Barlaup, Helge Skoglund, Gaute Velle
Summary: This study found a correlation between aquaculture intensity and the abundance of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in rivers, as well as identified important predictors such as wild salmon abundance, mean yearly discharge, and the interaction between fjord placement and wild salmon abundance. The model had a 40% accuracy in predicting the abundance of escaped farmed salmon in rivers, which improved to 75% when using risk categories based on intrusion rates.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Mari Lie Larsen, Irja Vormedal
Summary: While setting stricter regulatory thresholds has led to declining sea lice levels within sea farms, the more frequent de-lousing measures needed for compliance have resulted in welfare problems and higher mortality rates for farmed salmon. Compliance with stricter thresholds has not reduced the sea lice infestation pressure on wild salmon populations, indicating limited environmental effectiveness of such regulation. This raises the question of whether a regulatory regime focused solely on minimizing sea lice per farmed fish may have unintended negative consequences without broader measures targeting other variables affecting sea lice infestations.
Article
Economics
Kristin H. Roll, Rune Nygaard, Ben Fissel, James Hilger
Summary: This paper investigates the market integration between US wild salmon and Norwegian farmed salmon, and finds evidence of cointegration between the Norwegian farmed salmon market and all US salmon products. Understanding the relationship between the broader salmon market and products like canned salmon and salmon roe is crucial for US fisheries.
MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Eivind Molversmyr, Hanne Marie Devle, Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen, Dag Ekeberg
Summary: The fatty acid profiles of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon and salmon feed were analyzed and compared. The muscle of farmed salmon contained four times more fat than wild salmon, and the fatty acid composition differed between the two. The overall nutritional profile was found to be more beneficial in wild Atlantic salmon.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Lia Chalifour, Cassandra Holt, Abbey E. Camaclang, Michael J. Bradford, Ross Dixon, Riley J. R. Finn, Victoria Hemming, Scott G. Hinch, Colin D. Levings, Misty MacDuffee, Derek J. H. Nishimura, Michael Pearson, John D. Reynolds, David C. Scott, Uwe Spremberg, Steven Stark, John Stevens, Julia K. Baum, Tara G. Martin
Summary: This study used the priority threat management framework to assess different management strategies for the conservation of Pacific salmon in the lower Fraser River. The results suggest that implementing a combination of habitat strategies and promoting co-governance between First Nation and government entities could lead to significant improvements in salmon populations.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Silvio Viglia, Mark T. Brown, David C. Love, Jillian Fry, Roni A. Neff, Ray Hilborn
Summary: This study assesses the energy and water consumption in catching and processing wild sockeye salmon in Bristol Bay, Alaska, using a life cycle approach. The findings show that fishing effort accounts for a significant portion of the energy consumed, while processing and packaging contribute to the water embodied in the final products. Labor transport and fishery management have relatively small impacts on energy and water consumption.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Sebastian Wacker, Geir H. Bolstad, Ola H. Diserud, Kjetil Hindar, Sten Karlsson
Summary: Farm-raised Atlantic salmon escape and mate with wild ones, introducing non-native mitochondrial haplotypes to the wild population. This genetic introgression can cause long-lasting functional maladaptation in the hybrids due to the important role of mitochondrial genome and maternal inheritance. The widespread use of farm-raised salmon from non-native groups in aquaculture poses greater ecological risks to wild salmon than previously recognized.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Sebastian Wacker, Geir H. Bolstad, Ola H. Diserud, Kjetil Hindar, Sten Karlsson
Summary: Farmed Atlantic salmon escape and hybridize with wild Atlantic salmon, introducing non-native haplotypes into the wild population. This genetic introgression can cause functional maladaptation in the hybrids, particularly in the mitochondrial genome inherited from the mother. As the use of farmed salmon from different phylogenetic groups is widespread in aquaculture, the impact on wild salmon may be more severe than previously recognized. This study highlights the ecological risks of releasing non-native domesticated animals into the wild.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Christopher D. Todd, Nora N. Hanson, Lars Boehme, Crawford W. Revie, Ana R. Marques
Summary: This study examined the relationship between variation in circulus spacing on the scales of wild Atlantic salmon and changes in body length growth rate, finding that as sea surface temperatures have risen, significant changes in post-smolt growth pattern of salmon occurred.
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Amy Long, Aidan Goodall, Simon R. M. Jones
Summary: The study developed a reproducible immersion challenge model to induce salmonid rickettsial septicaemia and found that sockeye salmon are less susceptible to P. salmonis compared to Atlantic and pink salmon, while Atlantic salmon had a higher bacterial shedding post-immersion. Skin lesions were observed in infected fish, suggesting skin as the primary entry point for P. salmonis during the immersion challenge.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Danielle Cantrell, Raphael Vanderstichel, Ramon Filgueira, Jon Grant, Crawford W. Revie
Summary: Sea lice pose significant economic and ecological challenges to the salmon farming industry. A coupled biological and physical model was validated to simulate the dispersal of sea lice larvae from salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada. The validation process highlighted the complexities and challenges associated with validating biophysical dispersal simulations, emphasizing the need for further development of validation techniques for agent-based models.
AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Fernanda C. Dorea, Crawford W. Revie
Summary: The era of big data has brought about a significant change in health and epidemiology, primarily in the diversity of data being used rather than the volume. Non-health data sources are increasingly utilized for epidemiological inference, with the key challenges being data integration and decision-making support amidst the growing complexity of data in population health.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jaewoon Jeong, Gregor F. McEwan, Gabriel Arriagada, Cristian Gallardo-Escarate, Crawford W. Revie
Summary: The salmon louse C. rogercresseyi is a common ectoparasite of farmed salmonids in Chile, and further research is required to adequately model its complete population dynamics and support effective control and mitigation on Chilean salmon farms.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Simon R. M. Jones, Derek Price
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence of amoebic gill disease in farmed Atlantic salmon in British Columbia, Canada, and found distinct spatial and temporal patterns. The results showed a significant relationship between seawater temperature and gill scores, indicating temperature as a major risk factor.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Svenja Koepper, Shannon Scott-Tibbetts, Jean Lavallee, Crawford W. Revie, Krishna K. Thakur
Summary: Monitoring the moulting phenology of American lobsters is essential for maintaining sustainable lobster stocks. This study collected data over a twelve-year period from six lobster fishing areas in Atlantic Canada, analyzing lobster moult indicators and life-history traits. The dataset is valuable for understanding lobster life history, moulting cycle, and fisheries science and marine ecology.
Article
Fisheries
Jeong Jaewoon, Arriagada Gabriel, Crawford W. Revie
Summary: This study explores the impact of target setting on the reporting of sea louse infestation on salmon farms. The findings suggest that the accuracy of reported data can be influenced by the specification of threshold levels. Researchers and fish health professionals should be aware of potential biases in these data, and regulators should carefully consider the unintended consequences of setting certain threshold levels.
Article
Fisheries
Simon R. M. Jones, Amy Long
Summary: Kudoa thyrsites is a parasite that infects marine fish and can cause a degradation of fillet quality in farmed Atlantic salmon. This study found that exposure to deeper-sourced seawater led to a higher prevalence and severity of K. thyrsites infections in Atlantic salmon. Additionally, fish held in tanks supplied with deep-sourced seawater had a higher infection rate compared to those in surface net-pens.
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Fernanda C. Dorea, Flavie Vial, Crawford W. Revie
Summary: Syndromic surveillance has driven the integration of big data analytics into animal disease surveillance systems in the past decade. As more data sources can be digitally processed, we discuss the need to ensure that the generated information is suitable for disease surveillance by focusing on data digitalization and information delivery design. We argue that data-driven surveillance's value depends on a needs-driven approach and highlight current challenges and research frontiers in syndromic surveillance.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Simon R. M. Jones, Jessica C. C. Low, Aidan Goodall
Summary: This study confirmed the presence of the Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola parasite in Pacific salmon and described its host range and geographical distribution. Infection caused pathological changes, but the impact on the health of wild Pacific salmon and the distribution and abundance of infective actinospores remain important areas of research.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Vimbai Irene Machimbirike, Ignacio Vasquez, Trung Cao, Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa, Oluwatoyin Onireti, Cristopher Segovia, Pongsak Khunrae, Triwit Rattanarojpong, Marije Booman, Simon Jones, Manuel Soto-Davila, Brian Dixon, Javier Santander
Summary: This study investigates the genetic differences and evolution of the most common fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1. The O1 strain has two chromosomes and two typical plasmids. Furthermore, the O1 strain displays resistance to colistin sulphate, which differs from the O2 serotype and may be attributed to the ugd gene. The study also reveals that the genetic heterogeneity in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster is characterized by the absence or presence of unique genes, which could result in differences in immune evasion mechanisms among serotypes.
Article
Microbiology
Svenja Koepper, K. Fraser Clark, J. Trenton Mcclure, Crawford W. Revie, Henrik Stryhn, Krishna K. Thakur
Summary: This study aimed to describe and analyze the shell microbiome of apparently healthy lobsters in Atlantic Canada. The results showed regional and seasonal differences in the shell microbiome composition, with host factors such as sex, size, and moult stage having a smaller impact. The study provides valuable reference microbial data from lobsters in a disease-free state.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Annette S. Boerlage, Shailesh Shrestha, Ilkka Leinonen, Mona Dverdal Jansen, Crawford W. Revie, Aaron Reeves, Luiza Toma
Summary: Cultured and wild Atlantic salmon are affected by sea lice. This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of sea lice management measures in Scotland and finds that skirts and the use of in-feed medicines are the most cost-effective. Integrated management strategies may reduce the risk of developing resistance.
Article
Fisheries
E. Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni, J. M. Wilson, S. R. M. Jones, C. J. Brauner
Summary: This study investigated the regenerative capability of gill tissue in Atlantic salmon. The results showed that approximately 38% of the resected gill filament length regenerated after 20 weeks. The regeneration percentage varied significantly among individuals but was not correlated with initial body size, condition factor, or overall fish growth rate. Immunohistochemistry showed increased cell proliferation at the filament tip shortly after resection, followed by the appearance of ionocytes, chemoreceptive neuroepithelial cells, and nerve fibers.
