Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sargun Bajaj, Matthew T. Bennett, Simon W. Rabkin
Summary: This study applied data analytics to analyze the characteristics of premature ventricular complexes (PVC) and found that PVC with V1S plus V2S = 9.25 likely originated from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), while PVC with V1R + V2R + V3R > 15.0 likely originated from the LVOT. PVC with V1S plus V2S > 12.75 likely originated from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and PVC with V1S plus V2S > 14.25 and all inferior leads positive likely originated from the RVOT. Importance rating: 8 out of 10.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mo Jiayuan, Lu Yujie, Chen Kuirong, Zhu Siran, Qi Wenjing, Feng Lingli, Liu Xiaoxiao, Liang Liang, Lan Ganqiu, Liang Jing
Summary: This study identified genetic markers, candidate genes, and pathways associated with spine curvature in Chinese indigenous pigs using F-ST and XPEHH methods.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew W. Wood, Zachary A. Szpiech, Irby J. Lovette, Brian Tilston Smith, David P. L. Toews
Summary: Bachman's warbler, last spotted in 1988, is one of the few North American passerines that have recently become extinct. The extensive hybridization between its two extant congeners and similarities in plumage variation suggest a possible hybrid ancestry for Bachman's warbler. However, analysis of historic DNA and whole genomes of Bachman's warblers collected in the early 20th century provides genomic evidence that contradicts the admixture hypothesis, indicating that Bachman's warbler was a highly divergent and reproductively isolated species.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huijie Lv, Hanqi Liu, Yiqiu Tan, Anxin Meng, Ogoubi Cyriaque Assogba, Shenqing Xiao
Summary: This study developed an extended search method to determine the optimal relaxation time range (ORTR) and validated the accuracy and universality of the Prony series model. The results showed that the Prony series model with the ORTR had good model fitting and the distributions of Delta(up) and Delta(w) satisfied the normal distribution.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yu-Chen Chung, Jonathan Shemmell, Caitlin Kumala, Subaryani D. H. Soedirdjo, Yasin Y. Dhaher
Summary: This study investigated the modulation of distal reflex circuits by trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (TSMS) and identified different pathways contributing to reflex inhibition based on conduction velocities.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Qi Lu, Wan Liu, Zhizheng Zhuo, Yuxing Li, Yunyun Duan, Pinnan Yu, Liying Qu, Chuyang Ye, Yaou Liu
Summary: Convolutional neural networks have achieved excellent performance in white matter tract segmentation based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. This work proposes an improved transfer learning approach that incorporates knowledge from a pretrained model into the fine-tuning process for segmenting novel white matter tracts in a few-shot setting. The use of a data augmentation strategy further enhances the segmentation performance.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Geography
Russell M. Smith, Debzani Deb, Zach Blizard, Rachel Midgett
Summary: This paper explores the issue of spatial justice by developing a Spatial Justice Index (SJI), which quantitatively examines geographic variables of urban census tracts in North Carolina. The results highlight the benefits of dense, mixed-use development patterns that are well connected in achieving higher levels of spatial justice. The development of a Spatial Justice Index can assist urban planners and government officials nationwide in comprehending, accepting, and combating spatial injustices.
Letter
Toxicology
Christopher J. Borgert
Summary: Weight of evidence (WoE) evaluations have been the standard method for determining EDCs for more than a decade. A new approach based on Key Characteristics (KCs) has been proposed, but it ignores the WoE literature and lacks scientific rigor. The KC approach is inconsistent, unreliable, and lacks means for reaching negative conclusions or distinguishing EDCs from non-EDCs.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elissa Elia, David Brownell, Stephane Chabaud, Stephane Bolduc
Summary: This passage discusses the similarities between the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, which both consist of hollow structures that rely on muscle contractions to facilitate the flow of materials. It describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of these organs, with a particular emphasis on tissue engineering strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Gautam Reddy, Laura Desban, Hidenori Tanaka, Julian Roussel, Olivier Mirat, Claire Wyart
Summary: In this study, an unsupervised algorithm called BASS was developed to efficiently identify and segment recurring behavioral action sequences in long behavioral recordings. By applying this algorithm to zebrafish and soaring gliders, rare action sequences in animal behavior were successfully identified, providing a new tool for further behavioral analysis.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
X. J. Wu, Y. P. Li, J. Liu, G. H. Huang, Y. K. Ding, J. Sun, H. Zhang
Summary: Virtual water is an important indicator for water consumption, and the novel FEIOM model integrates different techniques to effectively evaluate virtual water flows and identify key factors affecting the national Virtual Water System (VWS). The study found that Kazakhstan is a net importer of virtual water and should focus on stimulating domestic primary manufacturing production and improving water-use efficiency in agriculture and advanced manufacturing for sustainable development.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Natalia Mikula, Tom Doerffel, Daniel Baum, Hans-Christian Hege
Summary: Our ability to understand complex phenomena relies on recognizing and relating structures. A systematic approach and interactive tool can be used to obtain precise definitions of spatiotemporal structures, facilitating automated data analysis and the development of phenomenological models.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Soumyashree S. Panda, Ravi S. Hegde
Summary: This study introduces a deep learning-based design methodology for the inverse design of extended unit-cell metagratings. Unlike previous approaches, this method learns the spectral response of the metagrating across its reflected and transmitted orders, accelerating the optimization of multiple functionalities. The proposed methodology is not limited to proof-of-concept demonstrations and can be widely applied to nanophotonic system design.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Junxia Han, Guoqian Jiang, Gaoxiang Ouyang, Xiaoli Li
Summary: This paper proposes a multimodal diagnosis framework for identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children by combining electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking (ET) data. The proposed method utilizes deep learning algorithms to learn and fuse features from both modalities, achieving superior performance compared to unimodal methods for accurate ASD diagnosis.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lucas Prates, Renan B. Lemes, Tabita Hunemeier, Florencia Leonardi
Summary: This study aims to solve the problem of identifying homozygosity islands in the genome of individuals in a population. The researchers propose regularized offline change-point methods to detect changes in the parameters of a multidimensional distribution and provide a new methodology for the selection of the regularization constant. The results show good performance in simulations.
Article
Oncology
Lamis Yehia, Charis Eng
Summary: The study of characteristics of breast cancer in young women has important implications for personalized genomics-driven management.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Seth J. Rotz, Naseer Sangwan, Matthew Nagy, Alice Tzeng, Margaret Jia, Maria Moncaliano, Navneet S. Majhail, Charis Eng
Summary: The intestinal microbiome diversity of long-term survivors of pediatric cancer is reduced, and radiation therapy may further decrease the diversity. The microbiome composition is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and chronic inflammation in these survivors.
PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lamis Yehia, Ying Ni, Tammy Sadler, Thomas W. Frazier, Charis Eng
Summary: A metabolomics study on PHTS individuals with ASD/DD, cancer, or both phenotypes found differentially abundant metabolites and distinct metabolic phenotypes, indicating that metabolites may enable more accurate risk predictions and prevention in individual PHTS patients at highest risk.
NPJ GENOMIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Takae Brewer, Lamis Yehia, Peter Bazeley, Charis Eng
Summary: Findings from this study suggest that breast cancers arising from germline PTEN variants have distinct genomic characteristics compared to sporadic breast cancers, including distinct somatic mutational landscape, increased genomic instability, and higher frequency of somatic PTEN variants. These findings have important implications for the personalized management of PTEN-related breast cancers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gilman Plitt, Takae Brewer, Lamis Yehia, Judy Jin, Joyce Shin, Charis Eng
Summary: This study investigated the time to develop thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in PHTS patients. The findings suggest that PHTS patients without nodules on ultrasound can extend surveillance intervals to 3-5 years, while patients with clinically nonactionable nodules can extend surveillance intervals to 2-3 years, instead of the current recommendation of annual ultrasounds.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Iris N. Smith, Jennifer E. Dawson, James Krieger, Stetson Thacker, Ivet Bahar, Charis Eng
Summary: The study reveals the mechanism of CTT phosphorylation dynamics in PTEN and identifies potential druggable allosteric sites in a previously believed clinically undruggable protein.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lamis Yehia, Brandie Heald, Charis Eng
Summary: Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes are a group of clinically distinct disorders characterized by hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. These syndromes include juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. Differentiating histologically between the polyps in each syndrome is challenging. Additionally, these syndromes are associated with increased risks of gene-specific and organ-specific cancers. Germline pathogenic variants can be identified and facilitate molecular diagnosis and gene-enabled management. Timely recognition enables presymptomatic cancer surveillance and management, although there are currently no standard agents for prevention.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Iris N. Smith, Jennifer E. Dawson, Charis Eng
Summary: PTEN is a key regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and its phosphorylation affects its tumor suppressor function. Mutations in PTEN are associated with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. This study used a comparative protein structure network approach to investigate the conformational dynamics induced by PTEN phosphorylation and identified differences between PTEN-ASD and PTEN-cancer phenotypes. The findings suggest that CTT phosphorylation affects the flexibility, inter-residue contacts, and allosteric communication patterns of PTEN.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Robyn M. Busch, Lamis Yehia, Bo Hu, Melissa Goldman, Bruce P. Hermann, Imad M. Najm, Steven A. McCarroll, Charis Eng
Summary: This study investigated the differences in cellular heterogeneity among patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with or without impairment in verbal episodic memory using single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology. The study found significant cell heterogeneity between memory phenotypes and identified numerous differentially expressed genes across all brain cell types. The most notable differences were observed in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, which are associated with processes essential for episodic memory formation such as long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and MAPK signaling.
NPJ GENOMIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Lamis Yehia, Maria Laura Centomo, Pier Paolo Pandol, Charis Eng
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shyam K. Poudel, Roshan Padmanabhan, Heloni Dave, Kathryn Guinta, Tyler Stevens, Madhusudhan R. Sanaka, Prabhleen Chahal, Davendra P. S. Sohal, Alok A. Khorana, Charis Eng
Summary: This study aimed to find malignancy-related microbiomic fingerprints in bile samples from patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancies. The results showed that both benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary diseases have distinct microbiomic compositions, and the relative abundance of certain bacteria varies between different types of pancreaticobiliary malignancies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masahiro Hitomi, Juan Venegas, Shin Chung Kang, Charis Eng
Summary: Individuals with a PTEN germline mutation, known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), exhibit a range of symptoms including hamartomas, predisposition to cancers, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The specific genotype-phenotype correlations of PTEN mutations are not yet well-established due to limited information on the impact of these mutations on PTEN function. To address this knowledge gap, the researchers compared the functional effects of two selected missense PTEN mutations, G132D and M134R, which are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes of ASD and thyroid cancer without ASD, respectively. The findings suggest that the ASD-associated G132D allele promotes genome instability by prematurely reentering the cell cycle with incomplete DNA repair.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Takae Brewer, Lamis Yehia, Peter Bazeley, Charis Eng
Summary: This study revealed distinct somatic landscape features in breast cancers derived from germline PTEN variants, including unique copy number variations and transcriptomic signatures. The transcriptome data also identified a key pathway associated with tumorigenesis involving vitamin E degradation in patients with pathogenic germline PTEN variants.
NPJ GENOMIC MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ruipeng Wei, Lamis Yehia, Ying Ni, Charis Eng
Summary: Cancer and autism spectrum disorder/developmental delay (ASD/DD) are common clinical phenotypes in individuals with germ-line PTEN variants (PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, PHTS). This study investigates the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in PHTS individuals and finds that mtDNA may act as a modifier of ASD/DD versus cancer in PHTS. The study shows that PHTS-onlyASD/DD has higher mtDNA copy number than PHTS-onlyCancer group and PHTS-neither group has higher mtDNA variant burden than PHTS-ASDCancer group.
HUMAN GENETICS AND GENOMICS ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Robyn M. Busch, Lamis Yehia, Ingmar Bluemcke, Bo Hu, Richard Prayson, Bruce P. Hermann, Imad M. Najm, Charis Eng
Summary: Memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with molecular alterations within temporal lobe subregions that are independent from hippocampal cell loss, demographic variables, and disease characteristics. Each temporal subregion shows a unique molecular signature associated with memory impairment.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)