Article
Reproductive Biology
Leandro M. Velez, Marcus Seldin, Alicia B. Motta
Summary: PCOS is a common endocrinopathy affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by ovarian cysts, ovulation disorders, and hyperandrogenism, along with metabolic abnormalities. Chronic inflammation may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin Ullah, Mei-Jiao Wang, Ying-Xiong Wang, Bairong Shen
Summary: Reproductive health is particularly important for women during their reproductive age. Female reproductive problems such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis affect about 10% of women, negatively impacting their health, fertility, and quality of life. CXC chemokines, small chemotactic and secreted cytokines, are found to be dysregulated in both PCOS and endometriosis, playing a critical role in the development and progression of these diseases. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines promote inflammation and are involved in angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. Overexpression of CXC chemokines is associated with poor survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines significantly impact the circumstances of PCOS and endometriosis patients, indicating their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The molecular mechanisms underlying how CXC chemokines promote inflammation and the development of PCOS and endometriosis are currently unknown. This article aims to discuss the functions of CXC chemokines in the promotion, development, and therapy of PCOS and endometriosis, as well as future research directions. The current state and future prospects of CXC chemokine-based therapeutic strategies in managing PCOS and endometriosis are also highlighted.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jolanda van Keizerswaard, Alexandra L. P. Dietz de Loos, Yvonne Louwers, Joop S. E. Laven
Summary: This study assessed the effects of aging on the features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The results showed that the prevalence of PCOS phenotype groups changed over time, with a more regular menstrual cycle, decreased serum androgen levels, and improved polycystic ovarian morphology in women with PCOS as they aged.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmad J. H. Albaghdadi, Frederick W. K. Kan
Summary: PCOS is a major anovulatory infertility affecting a great proportion of women of childbearing age, associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. Conventional therapeutic interventions have limited success in restoring ovulation and endometrial receptivity in women with PCOS, while low-dose tacrolimus shows potential therapeutic benefits in treating female infertility associated with PCOS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiaoli Zhang, Rongcai Ye, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Chen-Chen Fan, Jun Wang, Shuyu Wang, Suwen Chen, Xiaowei Liu
Summary: This review discusses the importance of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in metabolism and energy expenditure, as well as its potential therapeutic role in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Various studies have shown that BAT can regulate the features of PCOS and increasing BAT mass or activity has been effective in the treatment of PCOS.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Yujiao Wang, Qingling Yang, Huan Wang, Jing Zhu, Luping Cong, Hui Li, Yingpu Sun
Summary: PCOS patients show decreased NAD(+) levels and increased inflammation factors, ROS accumulation, and abnormal mitochondrial function in granulosa cells. Supplementation of NR can restore NAD(+) levels and improve mitochondrial function.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kathrin Landgraf, Andreas Kuhnapfel, Maria Schlanstein, Ronald Biemann, Berend Isermann, Elena Kempf, Holger Kirsten, Markus Scholz, Antje Korner
Summary: This study found that childhood obesity is associated with dysfunction and early signs of metabolic disease in adipose tissue. By analyzing gene expression profiles in adipose tissue samples from obese children, the researchers identified genes that are associated with obesity and related parameters. They also discovered that EGFL6 gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Katherine VanHise, Erica T. Wang, Keith Norris, Ricardo Azziz, Margareta D. Pisarska, Jessica L. Chan
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women worldwide. There are racial and ethnic differences in PCOS phenotypes and metabolic dysfunction. This review summarizes the current literature on disparities in PCOS diagnosis and outcomes in the United States. Future studies should focus on racial and ethnic-specific differences in PCOS and include a diverse population in PCOS research.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Avi Lerner, Drashti Kewada, Ayan Ahmed, Kate Hardy, Mark Christian, Stephen Franks
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reduced postprandial thermogenesis and abnormalities in adipose tissue function, with excess androgen inhibiting brown adipogenesis, attenuating thermogenic activation, and reducing mitochondrial respiration in brown adipose tissue (BAT). These findings may contribute to the reduced postprandial thermogenesis and increased tendency to obesity observed in women with PCOS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kehinde S. Olaniyi, Stephanie E. Areloegbe
Summary: This study investigated the impact of short chain fatty acid acetate on renal disorder in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The results showed that supplementation with acetate attenuated renal dysfunction in PCOS rats by reducing androgen excess, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and NF-kappa B/NLRP3 immunoreactivity.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jia Zhu, Anders U. Eliasen, Izzuddin M. Aris, Sara E. Stinson, Jens-Christian Holm, Torben Hansen, Marie-France Hivert, Klaus Bonnelykke, Rany M. Salem, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Yee-Ming Chan
Summary: Genetic risk factors for PCOS are associated with alterations in metabolic, growth, and developmental traits in childhood.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Joanne Michelle D. Gomez, Katherine VanHise, Nina Stachenfeld, Jessica L. Chan, Noel Bairey Merz, Chrisandra Shufelt
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 6%-10% of women worldwide, with features of hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, infertility, and polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasound. PCOS is also associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders that increase the risk for subclinical cardiovascular disease.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anju E. Joham, Nadira S. Kakoly, Helena J. Teede, Arul Earnest
Summary: This study found a significantly higher incidence of hypertension among women with PCOS compared to those without, especially among obese women. PCOS was independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension, further exacerbated by obesity. Including PCOS in hypertension risk assessments may help in early identification and management of the disorder.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jingyi Ren, Guangqing Tan, Xinyi Ren, Weiyu Lu, Qiling Peng, Jing Tang, Yingxiong Wang, Biao Xie, Meijiao Wang
Summary: This study compared gene expression profiles between mouse models and human PCOS, and found that the prenatally androgenized (PNA) mouse model is the most suitable animal model for simulating PCOS.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sadaf Pervaz, Amin Ullah, Enoch-Appiah Adu Gyamfi, Jones Lamptey, Sanjay Kumar Sah, Mei-Jiao Wang, Ying-Xiong Wang
Summary: CPXM1 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and its abnormally high expression is associated with increased serum testosterone and insulin levels. CPXM1 levels are significantly increased in the ovaries and adipose tissues of PCOS mice, while GLUT4 levels are decreased. Additionally, the protein expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) is decreased, and mRNA levels of inflammatory markers are increased in PCOS mice.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mengjie Wang, Youjie Zhang, David Miller, Naveen O. Rehman, Xi Cheng, Ji-Youn Yeo, Bina Joe, Jennifer W. Hill
Article
Cell Biology
Giorgio Ramadori, Rafael M. Ioris, Zoltan Villanyi, Raquel Firnkes, Olesya O. Panasenko, George Allen, Georgia Konstantinidou, Ebru Aras, Xavier Brenachot, Tommasina Biscotti, Anne Charollais, Michele Luchetti, Fedor Bezrukov, Alfredo Santinelli, Muntaha Samad, Pierre Baldi, Martine A. Collart, Roberto Coppari
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chiara Ruocco, Maurizio Ragni, Fabio Rossi, Pierluigi Carullo, Veronica Ghini, Fabiana Piscitelli, Adele Cutignano, Emiliano Manzo, Rafael Maciel Ioris, Franck Bontems, Laura Tedesco, Carolina M. Greco, Annachiara Pino, Ilenia Severi, Dianxin Liu, Ryan P. Ceddia, Luisa Ponzoni, Leonardo Tenori, Lisa Rizzetto, Matthias Scholz, Kieran Tuohy, Francesco Bifari, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Claudio Luchinat, Michele O. Carruba, Saverio Cinti, Ilaria Decimo, Gianluigi Condorelli, Roberto Coppari, Sheila Collins, Alessandra Valerio, Enzo Nisoli
Review
Cell Biology
Kathryn B. Smedlund, Jennifer W. Hill
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicole L. Stott, Joseph S. Marino
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maggie C. Evans, Jennifer W. Hill, Greg M. Anderson
Summary: Insulin plays a critical role in fertility and adult reproductive function, with astrocytes mediating its effects. Specific roles for neurones and gonadotrophs vary under conditions of hyperinsulinaemia and by ablation of insulin and leptin receptors.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Rachel M. Golonka, Johnathan Kawika Cooper, Rochell Issa, Pratyush Pavan Devarasetty, Veda Gokula, Joshua Busken, Jasenka Zubcevic, Jennifer Hill, Matam Vijay-Kumar, Bindu Menon, Bina Joe
Summary: Recent research shows that signals generated by genetic, epigenetic, immune, and environmental factors maintain balance in the gut-liver axis, with imbalances increasing the risk of essential hypertension. Nutrients can disrupt miRNA expression, affecting cellular processes and contributing to hypertension development.
CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria J. Gonzalez-Rellan, Marcos F. Fondevila, Uxia Fernandez, Amaia Rodriguez, Marta Varela-Rey, Christelle Veyrat-Durebex, Samuel Seoane, Ganeko Bernardo, Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa, David Fernandez-Ramos, Jon Bilbao, Cristina Iglesias, Eva Novoa, Cristina Ameneiro, Ana Senra, Daniel Beiroa, Juan Cunarro, Maria D. P. Chantada-Vazquez, Maria Garcia-Vence, Susana B. Bravo, Natalia Da Silva Lima, Begona Porteiro, Carmen Carneiro, Anxo Vidal, Sulay Tovar, Timo D. Muller, Johan Ferno, Diana Guallar, Miguel Fidalgo, Guadalupe Sabio, Stephan Herzig, Won Ho Yang, Jin Won Cho, Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar, Roman Perez-Fernandez, Miguel Lopez, Carlos Dieguez, Jose M. Mato, Oscar Millet, Roberto Coppari, Ashwin Woodhoo, Gema Fruhbeck, Ruben Nogueiras
Summary: The O-GlcNAcylation of p53 in the liver plays a crucial role in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis by controlling the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jeffrey C. Gerrard, Jamison P. Hay, Ryan N. Adams, James C. Williams, Joshua R. Huot, Kaitlin M. Weathers, Joseph S. Marino, Susan T. Arthur
Summary: The evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway Notch plays an essential role in embryogenesis and is also involved in muscle repair in adult tissue. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the mechanisms of Notch in muscle repair, with emerging evidence challenging its importance in myoblast proliferation. Understanding the contribution and potential therapeutic targets of Notch in muscle repair phases is crucial for developing treatments for related diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicole L. Stott Bond, Didier Dreau, Ian Marriott, Jeanette M. Bennett, Michael J. Turner, Susan T. Arthur, Joseph S. Marino
Summary: The study found that metformin treatment did not significantly reduce NSCLC tumor burden in mouse models, nor did it have significant effects on key tumor cell division and inflammation markers or improve skeletal muscle health. Further research is needed to explore combination treatments with metformin as a potential supportive drug rather than a monotherapy to mitigate cancer progression.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maria J. Gonzalez-Rellan, Eva Novoa, Natalia da Silva Lima, Amaia Rodriguez, Christelle Veyrat-Durebex, Samuel Seoane, Begona Porteiro, Marcos F. Fondevila, Uxia Fernandez, Marta Varela-Rey, Ana Senra, Cristina Iglesias, Adriana Escudero, Miguel Fidalgo, Diana Guallar, Roman Perez-Fernandez, Vincent Prevot, Markus Schwaninger, Miguel Lopez, Carlos Dieguez, Roberto Coppari, Gema Fruhbeck, Ruben Nogueiras
Summary: The transcription factor p63 plays a key role in glucose metabolism by regulating SIRT1 and affecting blood glucose levels, thus influencing glucose homeostasis.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shermel B. Sherman, Mitchell Harberson, Rebecca Rashleigh, Niraj Gupta, Riley Powers, Ramya Talla, Ashima Thusu, Jennifer W. Hill
Summary: This study found that the novel neuropeptide spexin has a regulatory role in thermoregulatory behaviors and adipose tissue metabolism in female mice. Supraphysiological levels of spexin treatment did not lead to weight loss, but increased nest building behavior and disrupted the thermogenic profile of adipose tissue.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gloria Ursino, Giorgio Ramadori, Anna Hoefler, Soline Odouard, Pryscila D. S. Teixeira, Florian Visentin, Christelle Veyrat-Durebex, Giulia Lucibello, Raquel Firnkes, Serena Ricci, Claudia R. Vianna, Lin Jia, Mirjam Dirlewanger, Philippe Klee, Joel K. Elmquist, Johannes Roth, Thomas Vogl, Valerie M. Schwitzgebel, Francois R. Jornayvaz, Andreas Boland, Roberto Coppari
Summary: This study identifies the hepatic S100A9-TLR4-mTORC1 axis in non-parenchymal cells as a promising therapeutic target for restraining diabetic ketogenesis. Administration of recombinant S100A9 can restrain ketogenesis, improve hyperglycemia, without causing hypoglycemia in diabetic mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicole L. Stott Bond, Didier Dreau, Ian Marriott, Jeanette. M. M. Bennett, Michael. J. J. Turner, Susan. T. T. Arthur, Joseph. S. S. Marino
Summary: This study discovered that metformin can reduce the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells and downregulate certain genes related to cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. These findings support further research on the use of metformin as an anti-cancer agent or adjunctive therapy.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Saroj Chakraborty, Juthika Mandal, Tao Yang, Xi Cheng, Ji-Youn Yeo, Cameron G. McCarthy, Camilla F. Wenceslau, Lauren G. Koch, Jennifer W. Hill, Matam Vijay-Kumar, Bina Joe