Review
Immunology
Rodrigo Velazquez-Moctezuma, Elias H. Augestad, Matteo Castelli, Christina Holmboe Olesen, Nicola Clementi, Massimo Clementi, Nicasio Mancini, Jannick Prentoe
Summary: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes severe liver-related diseases and leads to a significant number of deaths annually. The lack of an efficient prophylactic vaccine can be attributed to the high genetic variability and escape mutations of the virus, posing challenges to vaccine development efforts.
Article
Immunology
Eric W. Hall, Mark K. Weng, Aaron M. Harris, Sarah Schillie, Noele P. Nelson, Ismael R. Ortega-Sanchez, Elizabeth Rosenthal, Patrick S. Sullivan, Ben Lopman, Jeb Jones, Heather Bradley, Eli S. Rosenberg
Summary: This study evaluated the economic benefits of universal hepatitis B vaccination among adults in the United States. The results showed that universal vaccination could significantly reduce the incidence of acute hepatitis B infections and improve health outcomes, but at an additional cost.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan, Victor A. Manuylov, Anastasia A. Karlsen, Vera S. Kichatova, Ilya A. Potemkin, Maria A. Lopatukhina, Olga V. Isaeva, Eugeniy V. Mullin, Elena P. Mazunina, Evgeniia N. Bykonia, Denis A. Kleymenov, Liubov I. Popova, Vladimir A. Gushchin, Artem P. Tkachuk, Anna A. Saryglar, Irina E. Kravchenko, Snezhana S. Sleptsova, Victor V. Romanenko, Anna V. Kuznetsova, Sergey A. Solonin, Tatyana A. Semenenko, Mikhail I. Mikhailov, Karen K. Kyuregyan
Summary: This study assessed the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in different regions of Russia and analyzed the infection rate after 20 years of nationwide vaccination. The researchers also investigated the role of immune-escape variants in HBV transmission. The findings suggest that despite high vaccination rates, the continued circulation of HBV may be attributed to gaps in vaccination coverage.
Article
Virology
Md. Golzar Hossain, Yadarat Suwanmanee, Kaili Du, Keiji Ueda
Summary: The study demonstrates that both massively glycosylated or glycosylation-defective HBsAg can form HBV core and Dane particles, but reduce and/or almost completely block virion secretion efficiency, indicating that balanced glycosylation of HBsAg is required for efficient release of HBV.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Malavika Prabhu, Marguerite K. Susich, Claire H. Packer, Alyssa R. Hersch, Laura E. Riley, Aaron B. Caughey
Summary: This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of universal screening for hepatitis B immunity and vaccination among pregnant women in the United States. The results showed that universal screening and vaccination resulted in fewer cases of HBV, cirrhosis, liver transplants, and deaths, and were found to be cost effective.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yun Jung Hur, Seung-Ah Choe, Young June Choe, Jinyoung Paek
Summary: The study found a decrease in HBsAg positivity and an increase in anti-HBs seropositivity among Korean women of childbearing age, indicating success in preventing vertical transmission through universal hepatitis B immunization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Percy A. Knolle, Li-Rung Huang, Anna Kosinska, Dirk Wohlleber, Ulrike Protzer
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B affects over 250 million individuals worldwide, with prophylactic vaccination only establishing protective immunity but not eliminating HBV infections in patients. Current research focuses on therapeutic vaccination strategies and additional immune stimulation measures to improve efficacy in treating chronic hepatitis B.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mojahidul Islam, Jayesh Kumar Sevak, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Ankur Jindal, Ashish Kumar Vyas, Meenu Bajpai, Gayatri Ramakrishna, Shiv Kumar Sarin, Nirupma Trehanpati
Summary: Hepatitis B reactivation (rHBV) patients show immune differentiation and tolerance abrogation after HBsAg seroconversion. Non-seroconverters exhibit increased inhibitory markers on CD4/CD8 T cells. CD8, Tfh, and B cells and subsets play a critical role in seroclearance during HBV infection.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Sreya Tarafdar, Maria Luisa Virata, Hailing Yan, Lilin Zhong, Lu Deng, Yanqun Xu, Yong He, Evi Struble, Pei Zhang
Summary: By screening antibodies from HBIG, this study identified five antibody binding sites on HBsAg, and tested the impact of mutations within these sites on antibody binding. The results suggest that certain mutations can significantly reduce antibody binding activity, potentially allowing the virus to evade neutralization by HBIG. This could be addressed by supplementing current HBIG treatment with site-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting these mutations for more effective control of HBV infections.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kai-Chi Chang, Mei-Hwei Chang, Huey-Ling Chen, Jia-Feng Wu, Chin-Hao Chang, Hong-Yuan Hsu, Yen-Hsuan Ni
Summary: A universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program has been effectively implemented in Taiwan since 1984, significantly reducing the prevalence of HBV infection. The study also highlights the importance of high vaccination coverage, comprehensive screening, and antiviral treatment for pregnant mothers in eliminating perinatal transmission of HBV.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xinyao Liu, Wuqi Qiu, Yan Liang, Wei Zhang, Qian Qiu, Xinxin Bai, Guolin Dai, Hao Ma, Hongpu Hu, Wei Zhao, Guangyu Hu
Summary: There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection screening and vaccination programs in China. This study used a quasi-experimental method to evaluate a community-based HBV infection detection combined with vaccination (HBVIDV) program. The results showed that the program significantly increased the hepatitis B vaccination rate, vaccine series completion rate, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity among adults, especially those aged 35-54 and living in rural areas.
Review
Immunology
Xinxin Bai, Lu Chen, Xinyao Liu, Yujia Tong, Lu Wang, Minru Zhou, Yanming Li, Guangyu Hu
Summary: The hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate among adults in China is relatively low, highlighting the urgent need for targeted immunization strategies for vulnerable Chinese adults in order to achieve the goal of eliminating hepatitis B by 2030.
Review
Immunology
Kurt Sartorius, Ping An, Cheryl Winkler, Anil Chuturgoon, Xiaodong Li, Julia Makarova, Anna Kramvis
Summary: This review investigates the interplay between chronic hepatitis B infection, the silencing role of miRNA, epigenetic changes, immune system expression, and HBV-HCC pathogenesis. It highlights the influence of HBx-induced epigenetic miRNA pathways in HBV-HCC and demonstrates the complex interplay between HBV infection, epigenetic changes, disease, and immune response. The review suggests that epigenetic changes and miRNA modulation could offer potential therapeutic options in HBV-HCC.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Anna D. Kosinska, Julia Festag, Martin Muck-Hausl, Marvin M. Festag, Theresa Asen, Ulrike Protzer
Summary: The study found that immunization of HBV carrier mice with therapeutic vaccines can effectively induce HBV-specific antibodies and lead to loss of HBsAg, with only mild liver damage, regardless of the presence or absence of HBeAg.
Review
Immunology
Maya Sangesland, Daniel Lingwood
Summary: Influenza virus remains a serious public health burden due to ongoing viral evolution. Current seasonal vaccines elicit strain-specific responses, but universal vaccine development aims to redirect immune responses to conserved sites for broad coverage, which is challenging due to immunological barriers.