Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoyu Wang, Aimin Wang, Zhiyi Chen, Lihui Wei
Summary: The study focused on the fungus Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, which causes rice aggregate sheath spot disease, and found differences in biological activity and toxin levels compared to Rhizoctonia solani. The extracted toxins from R. oryzae-sativae contained esters, phenols, and other components, suggesting the production of different toxin components by this fungus. Further research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the disease.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mohammad Abdul Latif, Sheikh Arafat Islam Nihad, Mohammad Salim Mian, Shamima Akter, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal Khan, Mohammad Ansar Ali
Summary: An experiment was conducted to study the interaction among three sheath diseases of rice and their causal agents. The results showed that R. solani can inhibit the growth of R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae, but did not reduce the incidence and severity of sheath blight. However, when R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae was inoculated with R. Solani, the incidence and severity of sheath spot and aggregated sheath spot were significantly inhibited. The highest percentage of relative lesion height and infected tiller was found at maturity followed by hard dough and flowering stage.
Article
Agronomy
Lu Ni, Yanli Lu, Lei Wang, Yuhong Wang, Youlu Bai
Summary: This study explored the dynamic changes in nitrogen accumulation in Yongyou No. 15 rice, the advantages of nitrogen accumulation under optimal fertilization conditions, and the application of the Gompertz model for simulating nitrogen accumulation dynamics. The results provided a basis for nutrient management in digital agriculture.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Senhuan Dai, Haicheng Wu, Huiying Chen, Zihui Wang, Xin Yu, Long Wang, Xianqing Jia, Cheng Qin, Yiyong Zhu, Keke Yi, Houqing Zeng
Summary: Crops often face the simultaneous limitations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soils, which are essential for growth and yield. However, our understanding of the responses to combined nutrient deficiencies and the interaction between nutrient starvation responses is still limited. This study compared the physiological responses in rice under single and multiple low nutrient stresses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and analyzed their transcriptome changes. The results revealed the interactions between nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium starvation responses and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient interactions.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jianglin Zhang, Zhifeng Lu, Rihuan Cong, Tao Ren, Jianwei Lu, Xiaokun Li
Summary: This study examined the effects of Sarocladium oryzae infection on the endophytic community and nutrient uptake process of rice plants. The results showed that S. oryzae infection altered the endophytic community, inhibited nutrient uptake, and decreased the level of jasmonic acid, which is essential for potassium uptake. These findings highlight the importance of potassium in resistance to S. oryzae infection by modulating endophyte community diversity and enhancing the nutrient-uptake capacity of the host plant.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yuhang Zhang, Baohui Liu, Fanjiang Kong, Liyu Chen
Summary: Nutrition is a crucial factor in the growth and development of plants, particularly in terms of flowering. The process of flowering represents a transition from vegetative to reproductive stages, which requires nutrient consumption. Furthermore, nutrients such as nitrate act as signals that impact flowering. This review aims to enhance our understanding of how plant nutrition influences flowering by examining the relationships between nutrients (primarily nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and the flowering process.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
J. Cedeno, J. J. Magan, R. B. Thompson, M. D. Fernandez, M. Gallardo
Summary: Substrate-grown crops in southern Spain make up 10% of intensive greenhouse horticulture, and their free-draining nature leads to significant nutrient loss in drainage, causing water contamination. This study examined two management approaches, ratio-based and uptake concentration-based, to reduce nutrient loss in drainage. Both strategies significantly reduced nutrient application, with ratio-based management reducing nutrient loss by 58-77% and uptake concentration-based management reducing it by 65-80%.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Junning Ma, Jean-Benoit Morel, Michael Riemann, Peter Nick
Summary: This study dissects the JA-dependent defense signaling in rice for both compatible and incompatible interactions by using JA-deficient mutants cpm2 and hebiba. The results demonstrate the pivotal role of JA in the basal immunity of rice in its resistance to the Rice Blast Fungus in both types of interactions.
Article
Agronomy
Cuong C. Nguyen, Thanh Q. C. Nguyen, Kenji Kanaori, Tran Duy Binh, Xuyen H. T. Dao, Le Van Vang, Kaeko Kamei
Summary: The study investigated the antifungal activities of five compounds extracted from Ageratum conyzoides against Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, showing potential control effects on blast disease and sheath blight disease in rice. Field trials further confirmed the protective effect of the extract on rice plants from Pyricularia oryzae infection.
Article
Agronomy
Caroline Hawerroth, Andersom M. Einhardt, Bianca A. Fontes, Veronica V. Bras, Samuel V. Valadares, Fabricio A. Rodrigues
Summary: This study investigated the effect of nickel (Ni) on rice resistance to brown spot disease. It was found that rice plants with Ni showed stronger resistance to brown spot, and the disease also caused less damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Temoor Ahmed, Muhammad Noman, Jinyan Luo, Sher Muhammad, Muhammad Shahid, Md Arshad Ali, Muchen Zhang, Bin Li
Summary: Chitosan-magnesium (CS-Mg) nanocomposite was synthesized using green synthesis method and exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against two rice pathogens. The nanocomposite showed promising potential as nanopesticides in plant disease management, inhibiting the growth of pathogens and damaging their cell structure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ravi Gupta, Cheol Woo Min, Seungmin Son, Gi Hyun Lee, Jeong Woo Jang, Soon Wook Kwon, Sang Ryeol Park, Sun Tae Kim
Summary: This study investigated the proteome profiles of rice cultivars in response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection, identifying key proteins involved in plant defense response. Among them, mitochondrial arginase-1 (OsARG1) showed significant accumulation and function in the resistant rice cultivar, enhancing tolerance against Xoo when overexpressed in susceptible cultivars. The results highlight the role of OsARG1 in plant defense against Xoo.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Zhenxing Zhu, Dan Li, Ling Cong, Xiaochun Lu
Summary: This study systematically compared and identified microRNAs involved in both single and triple NPK nutrient deficiency responses, shedding light on the regulation mechanism of miRNAs under multiple nutrient deficiency conditions. Several novel miRNA activities were discovered through this research.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yanping Tan, Xiaolin Yang, Minghao Pei, Xin Xu, Chuntai Wang, Xinqiong Liu
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the regulation of gene expression in the interaction between rice and Magnaporthe oryzae using gene chip technology. Changes in gene expression at different time points post-inoculation were analyzed, revealing significant differentially expressed genes and identifying new genes related to rice blast. This research may contribute to the discovery of novel resistance genes and improve the understanding of rice blast development mechanisms.
Article
Plant Sciences
Qurban Ali, Abdur Rashid Khan, Sheng Tao, Faheem Uddin Rajer, Muhammad Ayaz, Manzoor Ali Abro, Qin Gu, Huijun Wu, Vladislav Kuptsov, Emilia Kolomiets, Xuewen Gao
Summary: The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus spp. showed strong antimicrobial activity against major rice diseases, Rhizoctonia solani and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The VOCs inhibited the growth of pathogens and caused deformations in their morphology, leading to the premature death of the cells. Synthetic VOCs also demonstrated significant control over the diseases and upregulated defense-related genes and antioxidant enzymes in rice plants.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Simon Baumgartner, Marijn Bauters, Travis W. Drake, Matti Barthel, Serge Alebadwa, Nadine Bahizire, Basile Mujinya Bazirake, Johan Six, Pascal Boeckx, Kristof Van Oost
Summary: Aquatic losses of nutrients, including both organic and particulate forms, play important roles in the nutrient budgets of tropical forests. Storm events are driving these losses, and the increasing rainfall intensities in tropical regions may exacerbate the export of these nutrient forms in the future.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Armwell Shumba, Regis Chikowo, Marc Corbeels, Johan Six, Christian Thierfelder, Remi Cardinael
Summary: This study conducted in Zimbabwe examines the impact of conservation agriculture principles on greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that mulching treatments lead to higher nitrous oxide emissions at one site, while rotation treatments result in higher nitrous oxide emissions at the other site. Additionally, the study finds that nitrous oxide loss is low in low nitrogen input cropping systems.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Moritz Laub, Marc Corbeels, Samuel Mathu Ndungu, Monicah Wanjiku Mucheru-Muna, Daniel Mugendi, Magdalena Necpalova, Marijn Van de Broek, Wycliffe Waswa, Bernard Vanlauwe, Johan Six
Summary: Integrated soil fertility management, using a combination of organic and mineral fertilizer, is crucial for improving crop productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study highlights the long-term effectiveness of using farmyard manure and mineral nitrogen fertilizer to sustain maize yields. The findings also emphasize the importance of mixed crop-livestock systems for smallholder agriculture in the region.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
S. Liu, J. Six, H. X. Zhang, Z. B. Zhang, X. H. Peng
Summary: The formation, stabilization, and breakdown of soil aggregates play a crucial role in the sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC). This study reveals that residue addition decreases the turnover time of soil aggregates and affects the transfer rate between different types of aggregates. The interactions between SOC changes and soil aggregate dynamics are further influenced by residue features and soil texture.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dario Pedolin, Pierrick Jan, Andreas Roesch, Johan Six, Thomas Nemecek
Summary: This study assessed 239 farm year observations of Swiss farms to analyze the relationship between environmental and economic performance and correlations between product groups. There were no trade-offs between environmental efficiency and economic performance, and synergies were found in some product groups. Organic farming systems performed better in terms of both environmental and economic efficiency. However, the mountain region had lower environmental performance and productivity.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Mario Reichenbach, Peter Fiener, Alison Hoyt, Susan Trumbore, Johan Six, Sebastian Doetterl
Summary: Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in deeply weathered tropical soils are not well understood. In this study, we compared SOC stocks and turnover in montane tropical forest and cropland. We found that land use did not significantly alter SOC, but differences in SOC could be explained by soil physicochemical properties. Labile organo-mineral associations and exchangeable base cations were identified as the main controls over SOC stocks and turnover. Our findings suggest that increasing C inputs in deeply weathered soils may not lead to long-term SOC stabilization.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Emily F. Solly, Astrid C. H. Jaeger, Matti Barthel, Roland A. Werner, Alois Zurcher, Frank Hagedorn, Johan Six, Martin Hartmann
Summary: This study found that with increasing water limitation, trees allocated more biomass belowground at the expense of aboveground growth. Moderate levels of water limitation had little effect on the uptake of C-13 label and the transit time of C from needles to the soil pore CO2. However, more severe water limitation increased the fraction of C-13 label allocated to fine roots and soil fungi while less (CO2)-C-13 was readily respired from the soil.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Norah Efosa, Hans-Martin Krause, Roman Huppi, Maike Krauss, Nadege Vaucher, Flora Zourek, Jochen Mayer, Johan Six, Else K. Buenemann
Summary: This study investigated the effects of anaerobic digestates and biochar amendment on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions. It was found that digestates did not result in higher N2O emissions compared to mineral fertilizers or cattle slurry, while the addition of biochar reduced CH4 emissions but had no effect on N2O emissions.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
William J. Thompson, Varun Varma, Jonas Joerin, Solhanlle Bonilla-Duarte, Daniel P. Bebber, Wilma Blaser-Hart, Birgit Kopainsky, Leonhard Spath, Bianca Curcio, Johan Six, Pius Krutli
Summary: Extreme weather events have severe impacts on smallholders in global food value chains. Understanding the manifestations of climate shocks in food systems and developing strategies to enhance resilience are urgently needed. This study investigates the cascading impacts of consecutive hurricanes on smallholder banana farmers in the Dominican Republic and identifies factors affecting their recovery. The results highlight the importance of loyalty, collaboration, and risk-targeted training in promoting resilience in global food value chains.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Long Ho, Matti Barthel, Diego Panique-Casso, Kaat Vermeulen, Stijn Bruneel, Xingzhen Liu, Samuel Bod, Johan Six, Pascal Boeckx, Peter Goethals
Summary: This study focuses on the impact of salinity, water pollution, and land use on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Scheldt Estuary. The research reveals that salinity has a negative impact on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions, while water pollution has a stronger effect on GHG emissions in freshwater sites. Furthermore, the increase in urbanization is associated with higher CO2 and N2O emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Florian Walder, Lucie Buechi, Cameron Wagg, Tino Colombi, Samiran Banerjee, Juliane Hirte, Jochen Mayer, Johan Six, Thomas Keller, Raphael Charles, Marcel G. A. van Der Heijden
Summary: One of the critical challenges in agriculture is to enhance yield without compromising soil health and the environment. This study compared the effects of conventional, no-till, and organic management on production and soil health. The results suggest that organic management improves soil health but leads to lower yields, while no-till systems show intermediate results. The study highlights the importance of balanced approaches that combine crop diversification, organic amendments, and effective crop protection to achieve multifunctional agroecosystems.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Astrid C. H. Jaeger, Martin Hartmann, Johan Six, Emily F. Solly
Summary: The soil microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating biogeochemical processes and can greatly impact tree health, particularly under stress conditions. This study examined the response of prokaryotic and fungal communities in soil to prolonged water deficit during the development of Scots pine saplings. Results showed that seasonal changes in soil temperature, water content, and pH strongly influenced microbial community composition. The structure of microbial communities gradually changed with varying levels of soil water content. Prokaryotic communities were found to be less resistant to water limitation compared to fungal communities. Water limitation led to the proliferation of drought-tolerant, nutrient-poor taxa, and induced a shift in the lifestyle of taxa from symbiotic to saprotrophic. This study highlights the potential effects of water limitation on soil microbial communities involved in nutrient cycling and its implications for forest health under prolonged drought conditions.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Kristof Van Oost, Johan Six
Summary: The acceleration of erosion, transport, and burial of soil organic carbon (OC) by water in response to agricultural expansion represents a significant perturbation of the terrestrial C cycle. Recent model advances now enable improved representation of the relationships between sedimentary processes and OC cycling, and this has led to substantially revised assessments of changes in land OC as a result of land cover and climate change. However, surprisingly a consensus on both the direction and magnitude of the erosion-induced land-atmosphere OC exchange is still lacking.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Astrid C. H. Jaeger, Martin Hartmann, Rafaela Feola Conz, Johan Six, Emily F. Solly
Summary: Prolonged episodes of water limitation can alter the composition of soil microbial communities, potentially leading to a loss of critical functions provided by the soil microbiome and affecting the stability of forest ecosystems.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Martin Hartmann, Johan Six
Summary: Soil structure, the soil microbiome, and ecosystem functioning are closely interconnected. This review explores the connections between these factors and the impact of management strategies on them in agroecosystems. The soil microbiome plays a crucial role in determining soil fertility, crop productivity, and stress tolerance in agroecosystems. The microbiome is intricately linked with soil structure, which regulates the flow of water, oxygen, and nutrients. Agricultural practices can alter soil structure, thereby affecting microbial processes, which in turn have significant consequences such as soil erosion, reduced fertility, and increased greenhouse gas emissions.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
