Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhongwei Liu, Xiangzhi Li, Zhencai Sun, Zhimin Wang, Guitong Li
Summary: This study found that microbes from aging biochars can prevent wheat crown rot and Fusarium head blight. The fungus Papiliotrema flavescens showed strong antifungal effects without producing antifungal substances. Field trials demonstrated a significant reduction in spike disease rate and an increase in crop yield with the presence of P. flavescens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasir Sidiq, Masataka Nakano, Yumi Mori, Takashi Yaeno, Makoto Kimura, Takumi Nishiuchi
Summary: Nicotinamide pretreatment effectively suppresses Fusarium Head Blight in wheat plants and significantly reduces DON mycotoxin accumulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
John Francis Haidoulis, Paul Nicholson
Summary: The transcriptome responses to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR) in small-grain cereals are different, with genes associated with receptor signalling, cell-wall modification, and auxin biosynthesis generally upregulated in FHB or downregulated in FRR. However, genes involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, and antimicrobial production show similar differential expression in response to infection in both tissues. Fusarium graminearum modulates its transcriptome differently in response to different tissues of the same host.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xuefeng Fan, Zhen Yan, Meixin Yang, Cees Waalwijk, Theo van der Lee, Anne van Diepeningen, Balazs Brankovics, Wanquan Chen, Jie Feng, Hao Zhang
Summary: Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a significant wheat disease in northern China, caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum which produces mycotoxins. The severity of FCR affects the distribution of trichothecenes in different wheat tissues, with variations influenced by factors such as climate, irrigation, and fungicide application. Higher levels of mycotoxin were observed in wheat plants under field conditions, posing a threat to feed production.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haiyang Jiang, Shaobin Zhong, Paul Schwarz, Bingcan Chen, Jiajia Rao
Summary: This study aims to investigate the antifungal and mycotoxin inhibitory effects of hop essential oil nanoemulsion against Fusarium graminearum, as well as their mode of action. The results showed that HEO nanoemulsion effectively inhibited fungal growth and spore germination, and suppressed the production of deoxynivalenol and its derivatives.
Article
Plant Sciences
Guixia Hao, Susan McCormick, Martha M. Vaughan
Summary: The study demonstrated that targeting the transcription factor TRI6 with dsRNA significantly reduced the expression of TRI6 in Fusarium graminearum-infected wheat heads, leading to decreased disease and DON accumulation. Application of TRI6-dsRNA on wheat heads under greenhouse conditions effectively reduced Fusarium head blight and DON, while the efficacy was limited in growth chamber conditions.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Asmaa Abbas, Tapani Yli-Mattila
Summary: This study demonstrates that treatment with the methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can reduce the growth of F. graminearum and inhibit the production of deoxynivalenol. The extract is mainly composed of four flavonoids. In vitro bioassays show that the extract can inhibit fungal growth. After biocontrol treatment, the levels of F. graminearum DNA and deoxynivalenol were reduced.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Soumya Moonjely, Malaika Ebert, Drew Paton-Glassbrook, Zachary A. Noel, Ludmila Roze, Rebecca Shay, Tara Watkins, Frances Trail
Summary: This review discusses multidisciplinary approaches for the management of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of cereal crops caused by the mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. It explores advancements in genomics, genetic-engineering, new fungicide chemistries, applied biocontrol, and consideration of the disease cycle.
FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhen Yan, Wanquan Chen, Theo van der Lee, Cees Waalwijk, Anne D. van Diepeningen, Jie Feng, Hao Zhang, Taiguo Liu
Summary: Exploiting wheat cultivars with stable resistance to Fusarium Head blight and toxin accumulation is an effective strategy to reduce yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Investigation in China's major wheat growing regions revealed that growing region and cultivar significantly affect the occurrence of FHB and mycotoxin accumulation.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Xiaojing Yan, Ming Wang, Yuxiao Zhu, Xin Shi, Xiaohui Liu, Yixuan Chen, Jun Xu, Daibin Yang, Huizhu Yuan
Summary: The addition of aviation spray adjuvant not only ensures high control effect of prothioconazole on Fusarium head blight in wheat and increases wheat yield, but also greatly reduces the content of DON mycotoxin, ensuring the safety of wheat production.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xingli Zhao, Dianyun Hou, Jiaqi Xu, Kaixuan Wang, Zhenjie Hu
Summary: This study screened and identified antagonistic strains against Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), the dominant pathogen associated with the crown rot of wheat in China, and evaluated their biosynthetic potential. The results demonstrated potential strains for the biocontrol of the crown rot of wheat, with T. trachyspermus R-17 showing promising antibacterial properties.
Article
Microbiology
Bimal Paudel, Connor Pedersen, Yang Yen, Shin-Yi Lee Marzano
Summary: Research identified that DON toxin production by F. graminearum during infection of small grain crops is a major contributor to economic losses. A novel strain of Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1-SD4) was discovered, which showed reduced virulence of F. graminearum against wheat and decreased DON accumulation in infected seeds. This mycovirus strain and specific genetic components of FgV1-SD4 could be further optimized as a biocontrol agent to reduce Fusarium head blight and DON accumulation in small grain crops.
Article
Agronomy
Dimitrios Drakopoulos, Michael Sulyok, Eveline Jenny, Andreas Kagi, Irene Banziger, Antonio F. Logrieco, Rudolf Krska, Susanne Vogelgsang
Summary: A nationwide survey in Switzerland on barley FHB and Fusarium mycotoxins revealed that pre-crop choice and tillage practices can influence the species composition of Fusarium and the levels of associated mycotoxins in barley grains and straw.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Dimitrios Drakopoulos, Andreas Kaegi, Johan Six, Alexander Zorn, Felix E. Wettstein, Thomas D. Bucheli, Hans-Rudolf Forrer, Susanne Vogelgsang
Summary: Intercropping or cover cropping with certain plant species before the wheat growing season under reduced tillage practices can reduce mycotoxin contamination in wheat while maintaining crop yield. The use of specific intercrops or cover crops, such as white mustard, Indian mustard, or winter pea, significantly decreased deoxynivalenol levels in wheat and improved yield. While these innovative cropping systems showed promising results in reducing mycotoxins, economic trade-offs were observed due to increased operating costs.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Safieddin Inbaia, Arifa Farooqi, Rumiana V. Ray
Summary: This study investigated the aggressiveness of nine Fusarium avenaceum isolates on malting barley and found that the isolates were equally aggressive to barley stems and heads. The isolates caused severe Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) symptoms and produced ENN B as the predominant mycotoxin. Only the most aggressive isolates produced ENN A1 in planta. The cultivar Moonshine showed higher resistance to FSB and Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by any Fusarium isolate compared to Quench.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Francesco Tini, Giovanni Beccari, Gianpiero Marconi, Andrea Porceddu, Micheal Sulyok, Donald M. Gardiner, Emidio Albertini, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: The study investigated how Fusarium graminearum regulates virulence towards its natural hosts through DNA methylation. It was found that sub-culturing led to a decline in virulence, which could be restored through repeated inoculation. DNA methylation analysis revealed changes in methylation levels of genes related to virulence after subculturing, suggesting the potential of ddRAD-MCSeEd approach in detecting genes associated with fungal virulence.
Article
Plant Sciences
Giovanni Beccari, Mara Quaglia, Francesco Tini, Euro Pannacci, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: In 2017, emergence failures and leaf disease symptoms were observed in various Chenopodium quinoa varieties in a new cultivation area in Central Italy. High incidence of Fusarium spp. was detected in seeds of three varieties, while the Regalona variety from Chile showed symptoms of downy mildew. This highlights the importance of pathogen monitoring, healthy seed production, and importation for successful cultivation in new quinoa distribution areas.
Article
Plant Sciences
Elisabetta Troni, Giovanni Beccari, Roberto D'Amato, Francesco Tini, David Baldo, Maria Teresa Senatore, Gian Maria Beone, Maria Chiara Fontanella, Antonio Prodi, Daniela Businelli, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: This study investigated the in vitro effects of different selenium concentrations and forms on Fusarium proliferatum strain isolated from rice. The results showed that selenium had a concentration-dependent effect on fungal growth, with selenocystine being the most effective at the lowest concentration. Selenium from selenite at 20 mg kg(-1) was found to be the best combination for inhibiting F. proliferatum strain, and adding low concentrations of selenium from selenite to conventional fungicides may be a promising alternative approach for controlling Fusarium species.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Luisa Ederli, Giovanni Beccari, Francesco Tini, Irene Bergamini, Ilaria Bellezza, Roberto Romani, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: This study investigated the impact of ENB, DON, and ENB+DON on bread wheat and Fusarium development. Synergistic effects were observed in seed germination, growth, and chlorophyll degradation, while antagonistic interaction was found in cell death and oxidative stress induction. ENB inhibited FG growth, while DON promoted FA growth, highlighting the potential role of ENB in cell death control and fungal competition.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Tini, Lorenzo Covarelli, Christina Cowger, Michael Sulyok, Paolo Benincasa, Giovanni Beccari
Summary: The study found that the infection timing has a significant impact on the colonization and mycotoxin accumulation of F. poae in wheat spikes. Early infection timing favors the colonization of the fungal strain and mycotoxin accumulation, while later infection timings reduce fungal development and mycotoxin levels. The time window of host susceptibility in the field is shorter.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Emilio Balducci, Francesco Tini, Giovanni Beccari, Giacomo Ricci, Minely Ceron-Bustamante, Maurizio Orfei, Marcello Guiducci, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of recently developed fungicide combinations with different modes of action against fungal diseases on wheat varieties. The results showed that these fungicide treatments were effective in controlling diseases and reducing contamination under different climatic conditions.
Article
Microbiology
Francesco Tini, Lorenzo Covarelli, Giacomo Ricci, Emilio Balducci, Maurizio Orfei, Giovanni Beccari
Summary: Pyrenophora teres is the causal agent of barley net blotch, which can be found in two different forms: net form and spot form. This study evaluated the response of six different barley cultivars to net blotch and examined the efficacy of several foliar fungicides with different modes of action. The results showed that the net form was the predominant pathogen, and different cultivars exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility. The application of fungicides effectively reduced symptoms and pathogen accumulation in grains, and also positively influenced grain yield.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Irene Valenti, Francesco Tini, Milos Sevarika, Alessandro Agazzi, Giovanni Beccari, Ilaria Bellezza, Luisa Ederli, Silvia Grottelli, Matias Pasquali, Roberto Romani, Marco Saracchi, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: Fusarium mycotoxins pose a serious threat to animal and human health. The co-occurrence of different mycotoxins in the same cereal field is common, making it difficult to predict the risks and effects of mycotoxins. This review focuses on the combined effects of enniatins (ENNs) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in multiple organisms and highlights the complexity of mycotoxin interactions.
Article
Microbiology
Mara Quaglia, Giovanni Beccari, Giovanna Fabiana Vella, Riccardo Filippucci, Dario Buldini, Andrea Onofri, Michael Sulyok, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: This study analyzed 25 marketed quinoa seed samples for the presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Fungal microorganisms were found in all samples, but no mycotoxins were detected. Morphological and molecular characterization identified 19 fungal species from five different genera, with 13 being first reported on quinoa. The geographical origin, farming system, and packaging were found to affect the presence of different fungal species, indicating the influence of different steps in the quinoa supply chain. However, the marketed quinoa seeds analyzed were free from mycotoxins.
Article
Microbiology
Minely Ceron-Bustamante, Francesco Tini, Giovanni Beccari, Paolo Benincasa, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: The wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici responds to light by modulating its gene expression, and different light wavelengths have specific effects on its growth and host colonization. Blue light reduces colony growth, while dark and red light promote fungal development. White light stimulates host colonization, while red light represses it. This study demonstrates the importance of light in the interaction between Z. tritici and wheat.