Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Myra O. Villareal, Thanyanan Chaochaiphat, Rachida Makbal, Chemseddoha Gadhi, Hiroko Isoda
Summary: Plant saponins, particularly the saponins-rich fraction from argan leaves (ALS), have been found to inhibit melanogenesis without cytotoxicity. This inhibitory effect is achieved by downregulating the expression of melanogenesis-associated enzymes and transcription factors, as well as affecting genes involved in cAMP and Wnt signaling pathways. ALS shows potential for use in cosmeceutical preparations for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Article
Cell Biology
Navneet Arora, Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui, Sidharth Mehan
Summary: Vitiligo is an autoimmune, idiopathic condition that causes depigmentation of the skin, with limited treatment options and symptomatic relief. Novel therapies need to be explored to effectively manage the disease progression and provide better outcomes for patients.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yusuke Ito, Kazuomi Sato
Summary: Salicylamide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to enhance melanin content in B16F1 melanoma cells by increasing tyrosinase expression through transcriptional activation of the Mitf gene. This suggests that Salicylamide could be used as an anti-hypopigmentation agent for skin and/or hair.
BIOMOLECULES & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jae-Hoon Kim, Woo-Jin Sim, Jisoo Nam, Soo-Hyun Park, Ji-Hye Song, Tae Gyu Nam, Jong Hun Kim, Wonchul Lim, Tae-Gyu Lim
Summary: In this study, the skin-whitening effects of S. marina extract (SME) were investigated. SME exhibited radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity. The inhibitory mechanism involved downregulation of TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase protein expression, as well as the inhibition of MITF nuclear translocation.
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing-Hua Wang, Seung-Ju Hwang, Sam-Keun Lee, Yujin Choi, Chang Kyu Byun, Chang-Gue Son
Summary: CAFB has been found to inhibit UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation and decrease melanin production. The mechanism of action involves the modulation of tyrosinase activity through the regulation of the cAMP cascade and MITF pathway, suggesting its potential for treating skin disorders caused by overproduction of melanin.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatih Karadeniz, Jung Hwan Oh, Youngwan Seo, Jiho Yang, Hyunjung Lee, Chang-Suk Kong
Summary: The current study investigated the anti-melanogenic effect of Quercetin 3-O-galactoside (Q3G) and revealed its underlying mechanism of action in B16F10 melanoma cells. Q3G treatment downregulated melanogenesis-related enzymes and transcription factor MITF, inhibited cAMP/PKA and MAPK signaling pathways, and reduced melanin production. These findings suggest that Q3G has potential as a cosmetic ingredient for treating hyperpigmentation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shilpi Goenka, Francis Johnson, Sanford R. Simon
Summary: This study investigated four novel chemically modified curcumin (CMC) derivatives and compared them to the parent compound curcumin for inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin production. The results showed that CMC2.24 exhibited the greatest efficacy as a tyrosinase inhibitor among all the CMCs, surpassing curcumin and kojic acid.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Min-Kyeong Lee, Heeyeon Ryu, Hyeon Hak Jeong, Bonggi Lee
Summary: Brassinin, a phytoalexin found in cabbage, has been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study demonstrated that brassinin can inhibit melanogenesis by reducing both the activity and mRNA expression levels of tyrosinase. These findings suggest that brassinin could be used in pharmaceutical or cosmetic products for depigmentation purposes.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Al Borhan Bayazid, Young Ah Jang, Soo Ah Jeong, Beong Ou Lim
Summary: Cypress tree bark extract has demonstrated potential effects against melanogenesis by suppressing the expression of related proteins and mRNA, as well as regulating the activation of CREB.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeong-Hyun Yoon, Kumju Youn, Mira Jun
Summary: Melanogenic effects of pinostrobin, a flavanone found in honey, were evaluated in this study. Pinostrobin was found to increase melanin levels and tyrosinase activity by stimulating the expression of melanogenic regulatory factors. Computational simulations also revealed the potential pharmacokinetic properties of pinostrobin. The study suggests that pinostrobin could be a potent and safe melanogenic agent for depigmentation disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chaiwat Monmai, Jin-Suk Kim, Joong Hyoun Chin, Sanghyun Lee, So-Hyeon Baek
Summary: This study investigated the antioxidative and anti-melanogenic activities of polyphenol- and flavonoid-enriched rice seed extracts in melan-a cells. SB extract showed higher polyphenol and flavonoid content and increased antioxidative activity compared to HP extract. At a concentration of 100µg/mL, both extracts showed no significant cytotoxicity, and SB extract exhibited inhibition of p-38 MAPK phosphorylation/activation, increased expression of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 and Akt, and downregulation of MITF, resulting in decreased levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2. These findings suggest the potential of polyphenol- and flavonoid-enriched rice seed extract as a treatment for hyperpigmentation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kyu-Ree In, Mi Ae Kang, Su Dong Kim, Jinho Shin, Sung Un Kang, Tae Jun Park, Seung-Joo Kim, Jong-Soo Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates that anhydrous alum can inhibit melanin synthesis by downregulating the expression of MITF. The mechanism of action of anhydrous alum involves attenuating phosphorylation of the co-activator of MITF gene transcription, cAMP response element-binding protein, and promoting phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase to impair the nuclear localization of MITF.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Analike Blom van Staden, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Namrita Lall
Summary: Pigmentation is a vital process in skin protection controlled by melanogenesis. This study evaluated Aspalathus linearis extract on melanogenesis stimulation and found compounds like aspalathin and catechin significantly increased enzymatic rate. Molecular docking analysis revealed interactions between compounds and the active site.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuan T. Truong, Young-Seung Lee, Thuy T. P. Nguyen, Hyun-Jin Kim, Sung-Hak Kim, Changjong Moon, Don-Kyu Kim, Hueng-Sik Choi, Tae-Il Jeon
Summary: SMILE is a transcriptional corepressor that plays a critical role in the regulation of melanogenesis. It is regulated by α-MSH/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling and acts by suppressing the transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element-binding protein. SMILE's decreased expression in melanoma tissues suggests its potential role as a corepressor in skin pigmentation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chaiwat Monmai, Jin-Suk Kim, Karantharat Promyot, So-Hyeon Baek
Summary: This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-melanogenic effects of PPD-enriched rice seed extracts on melan-a cells. The results showed that the extracts can downregulate melanogenesis-related factors, decrease the number of melanin-containing cells, reduce melanin content, and suppress melanogenesis by regulating signaling pathways. This suggests that PPD-enriched rice seed extracts have the potential to be a novel agent for suppressing melanogenesis and controlling hyperpigmentation.
Article
Dermatology
Elijah J. Horesh, Jennifer Gherardini, Majid Alam, Jose Rodriguez-Feliz, Alan J. Bauman, Jeremy Cheret, Ralf Paus
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Enrica Flori, Arianna Mastrofrancesco, Monica Ottaviani, Miriam Maiellaro, Christos C. Zouboulis, Emanuela Camera
Summary: Sebum, a lipid-rich mixture secreted by sebaceous glands, plays a role in regulating skin cells and is involved in inflammation. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids found in sebum contribute to the inflammation in acne-prone skin. Limited research has been done on the interaction between saturated fatty acids, their transformation, and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sebocytes.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Moe Tsutsumi, Saito Sakaguchi, Kazuki Takagaki, Jeremy Cheret, Ralf Paus, Kentaro Kajiya
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Giorgia Cardinali, Daniela Kovacs, Sarah Mosca, Barbara Bellei, Enrica Flori, Aldo Morrone, Anna Maria Mileo, Vittoria Maresca
Summary: Stimulation of melanocytes and murine melanoma cells with aMSH plus the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 resulted in ROS increase, oxidative DNA damage, and pigment retention. Treatment with aMSH plus LY294002 altered cortical actin architecture and reduced ATP levels. The aMSH-activated PI3K pathway modulated energy metabolism by influencing glucose uptake and mitochondrial mass, leading to changes in cell motility and potential therapeutic strategies.
Article
Cell Biology
Enrica Flori, Sarah Mosca, Giorgia Cardinali, Stefania Briganti, Monica Ottaviani, Daniela Kovacs, Isabella Manni, Mauro Truglio, Arianna Mastrofrancesco, Marco Zaccarini, Carlo Cota, Giulia Piaggio, Mauro Picardo
Summary: The PPAR gamma activators Octa and A02 may prevent and treat keratinocyte-derived skin cancer by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reducing DNA damage.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Emanuela Bastonini, Daniela Kovacs, Fiorenza Lotti, Luis Sanchez-Del-Campo
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Ilaria Piccini, Jeremy Cheret, Moe Tsutsumi, Saito Sakaguchi, Leslie Ponce, Luis Almeida, Wolfgang Funk, Maximilian Kueckelhaus, Kentaro Kajiya, Ralf Paus, Marta Bertolini
Summary: Recent research has found that epidermal Merkel cells (MCs) not only have mechanotransduction function for light-touch sensory stimuli, but also are thermosensitive, suggesting a physiological role beyond mechanosensation. Functional olfactory receptors, specifically OR2AT4, were found to be expressed by epidermal MCs in healthy human skin, similar to neighboring keratinocytes. Stimulation of OR2AT4 by topical application of the synthetic odorant Sandalore significantly increased Piccolo protein expression in MCs, indicating increased vesicle trafficking and recycling, and reduced nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactivity within MCs, potentially suggesting increased neurotrophin release upon OR2AT4 activation. Further investigation is needed to explore whether these newly discovered properties of MCs are dysregulated in specific skin disorders and if they can be targeted therapeutically to maintain/promote skin health.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Max van Lessen, Andrei Mardaryev, David Broadley, Marta Bertolini, Janin Edelkamp, Maximilian Kueckelhaus, Wolfgang Funk, Tamas Biro, Ralf Paus
Summary: In this pilot study, scientists reported that healthy human skin of different age groups undergoes extremely accelerated ageing within only 3 days when organ-cultured in a defined serum-free medium. They found significant changes in ageing-associated biomarkers in the ex vivo phenotype and discovered that caffeine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine have anti-ageing effects.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea D'Arino, Silvia Caputo, Laura Eibenschutz, Paolo Piemonte, Pierluigi Buccini, Pasquale Frascione, Barbara Bellei
Summary: Aging is a natural process associated with the loss of fibrous tissue and a reduction in immune system competence. Environmental factors, particularly ultraviolet radiation, contribute to the extrinsic damage in skin, causing photoaging. The rise of senescence cells, characterized by reduced proliferation and aberrant hyper-secretory activity, plays a dual role in cancer biology. While senescence prevents uncontrolled cell proliferation, cumulative insults and poor clearance of injured cells in the elderly increase cancer incidence. It is yet to be proven if aged skin creates a permissive environment for tumor onset. However, tumor cells can activate resident fibroblasts into a pro-tumorigenic phenotype, resembling that of senescent fibroblasts, suggesting a potential role of aged fibroblasts in cancer progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Nanja van Geel, Reinhart Speeckaert, Alain Taieb, Khaled Ezzedine, Henry W. Lim, Amit G. Pandya, Thierry Passeron, Albert Wolkerstorfer, Marwa Abdallah, Augustin Alomar, Jung Min Bae, Marcel Bekkenk, Laila Benzekri, Markus Boehm, Viktoria Eleftheriadou, Samia Esmat, Deepti Ghia, Boon Kee Goh, Pearl Grimes, Somesh Gupta, Iltefat H. Hamzavi, John E. Harris, Sang Ho Oh, Richard Huggins, Ichiro Katayama, Eric Lan, Ai-Young Lee, Giovanni Leone, Caroline Le Poole, Harvey Lui, Nicolle Maquignon, Jean Marie Meurant, Paul Monteiro, Naoki Oiso, Davinder Parsad, Georg Pliszewski, Noufal Raboobee, Michelle Rodrigues, David Rosmarin, Tamio Suzuki, Atsushi Tanemura, Steven Thng, Flora Xiang, Youwen Zhou, Mauro Picardo, Julien Seneschal
Summary: This article presents a management algorithm for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of vitiligo. The algorithms emphasize the importance of shared decision-making and provide detailed discussions on treatment goals. The article highlights the significance of evaluating disease activity in tailoring treatment approaches.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2023)
