Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting-jian Zhang, Zhen-hao Zhang, Xu Zhang, Zhao-ran Wang, En-yu Xu, Shun Tu, Yi Zhang, Fan-hao Meng
Summary: This study designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of novel XO inhibitors. Compound g25 showed strong XO inhibitory activity and demonstrated a hypouricemic effect in an in vivo model.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shun Tu, Ting-Jian Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xu Zhang, Zhen-Hao Zhang, Fan-Hao Meng
Summary: This study synthesized two series of amide-based XO inhibitors, with compound 3i showing the most promising in vitro inhibitory potency and hypouricemic effect. Molecular simulations provided insights into the interaction modes of representative compounds, supporting compound 3i as a lead for further exploration of amide-based XO inhibitors.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tatsuya Maruhashi, Yukihito Higashi, Hisako Yoshida, Atsushi Tanaka, Kazuo Eguchi, Hirofumi Tomiyama, Kazuomi Kario, Toru Kato, Nozomu Oda, Nobuhiro Tahara, Mitsutoshi Oguri, Hirotaka Watada, Koichi Node
Summary: This study showed that febuxostat treatment did not alter endothelial function assessed by FMD during a 2-year study period in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tianshu Gao, Jin Xu, Yuxiao Xiao, Jiaqi Li, Weifeng Hu, Xiaoyu Su, Xudong Shen, Wan Yu, Zhen Chen, Baosheng Huang, Honglei Li, Xing Wang
Summary: The study found that N-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-ylcarbonyl) xanthine oxidase inhibitors (NAY) can reduce the levels of uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, regulating the uric acid transporter, and inhibiting inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ye Lou, Qiang Gao, Mingcong Fan, AL-Ansi Waleed, Li Wang, Yan Li, Haifeng Qian
Summary: This study demonstrates that ferulic acid can act as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, reducing uric acid production and potentially serving as a therapeutic strategy for hyperuricemia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Meng-Fei An, Chang Shen, Shao-Shi Zhang, Ming-Yue Wang, Ze-Rui Sun, Mao-Si Fan, Li-Juan Zhang, Yun-Li Zhao, Jun Sheng, Xuan-Jun Wang
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of hesperetin on hyperuricemia and its underlying mechanisms. Hesperetin significantly reduced the levels of uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen in vivo. It provided hepatoprotective effects and inhibited xanthine oxidase activity. Hesperetin intervention also upregulated the expression of key proteins involved in uric acid excretion. Overall, hesperetin could be a promising therapeutic agent against hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and regulating related pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sen -sen Hu, Ting-jian Zhang, Zhao-ran Wang, En-yu Xu, Qiu-yin Wang, Xu Zhang, Shuai Guo, Jing Wang, Fan-hao Meng
Summary: Previous studies indicated that N-phenyl aromatic amides are a promising class of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. In this study, a series of N-phenyl aromatic amide derivatives were designed and synthesized to establish their structure-activity relationship. The most potent XO inhibitor identified was N-(3-(1H-imidazol1-yl)-4-((2-methylbenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (12r), which displayed comparable in vitro potency to topiroxostat. Molecular docking and simulation revealed strong interactions between 12r and specific residues. In vivo hypouricemic studies demonstrated improved uric acid lowering effects of 12r. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a short half-life of 0.25 h after oral administration, and 12r exhibited noncytotoxicity against normal cells.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
V. Vijeesh, A. Vysakh, Ninan Jisha, M. S. Latha
Summary: The study investigated the binding potential of malic acid with Xanthine oxidase (XO) using spectroscopic approaches and in silico docking studies. The results showed that malic acid had a remarkable interaction with XO, indicating its potential in XO inhibition research and the development of new lead molecules.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Muthukumaran Jayachandran, Shen Qu
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a disease of arterial vasculature characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation and increased inflammatory cells. Elevated levels of uric acid are linked to cardiovascular diseases, and uric acid affects atherosclerosis through various mechanisms. Treatment with xanthine oxidase inhibitors not only benefits hyperuricemia but also reduces the burden of atherosclerosis.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhipeng Yu, Yaxin Cao, Ruotong Kan, Huizhuo Ji, Wenzhu Zhao, Sijia Wu, Jingbo Liu, David Shiuan
Summary: This study screened xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides from egg white proteins through virtual hydrolysis, in vitro activity validation, and molecular docking, identifying the novel tripeptide EEK as a potential candidate for controlling hyperuricemia.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Heung Joo Yuk, Hyung Won Ryu, Dong-Seon Kim
Summary: The aerial parts of Agastache rugosa are used as a food material and traditional medicine in Asia. A 50% ethanol extract from this plant showed potent inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO). Salvianolic acid B was isolated from this plant for the first time, and acacetin exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity among the identified compounds. The study highlights the potential of Agastache rugosa extract as a functional ingredient and natural drug for managing hyperuricemia and treating gout.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tao Han Lee, Jia-Jin Chen, Chao-Yi Wu, Chih-Wei Yang, Huang-Yu Yang
Summary: Research has shown the close relationship between hyperuricemia, gout, and renal disease, with various mechanisms explaining the interactions between them. Urate-lowering therapy has been proven to slow down the progression of renal disease in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neetu Agrawal, Medha Arya, Priya Kushwah
Summary: Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors are commonly used to treat gout and renal stone diseases related to hyperuricemia. Recent research suggests that these inhibitors may also have potential benefits in preventing vascular diseases, including cerebrovascular diseases. This is due to the involvement of serum uric acid in cardiovascular disease growth and the ability of XO inhibition to reduce oxidative stress in blood vessels. The development of new XO inhibitors with greater potency for hyperuricemia and gout treatment is of great interest.
CHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lieqiang Xu, Juanjuan Cheng, Jieyi Lu, Guoshu Lin, Qiuxia Yu, Yucui Li, Jiannan Chen, Jianhui Xie, Ziren Su, Qi Zhou
Summary: Cortex Phellodendri (CP) as a herbal medicine for treating hyperuricemia (HUA) exerts therapeutic effects through multiple compounds, targets, and pathways, mainly involving inflammation and apoptosis signaling pathways, showing inhibitory effects on HUA and renal injury.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Seung-Yub Song, Sung-Ho Lee, Min-Suk Bae, Dae-Hun Park, Seung-Sik Cho
Summary: This study evaluated the strong inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase and elastase in Baccharis trimera stem and identified the active ingredients. The findings suggest that BT extract has potential as an antihyperuricemia (gout) and cosmetic functional material.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Huan-Yu Lin, Jiunn-Wang Liao, Ruo-Shiuan Chen, Chia-Hua Chang, Hui-Wen Chang, Shih-Chieh Chang, Wen-Shen Chu, Chien-Ku Lin, Hsin-Tang Lin
Summary: The 90-day study concludes that commercial GM soybeans are substantially equivalent to non-GM soybeans in rats, showing no adverse biological effects on body weight, organ weight, or histopathological lesions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Wen-Wei Hsiao, K. J. Senthil Kumar, Hui-Ju Lee, Nai-Wen Tsao, Sheng-Yang Wang
Summary: Calocedrus formosana wood essential oil (CFEO) and its bioactive components exhibit anti-melanogenic activity and have the potential to be used in the development of skin whitening products.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sheng-Yi Chen, Yi-Hao Hsu, Sheng-Yang Wang, Ying-Yin Chen, Cheng-Jie Hong, Gow-Chin Yen
Summary: The study demonstrates that lucidone can enhance cell apoptosis, inhibit autophagic protein expression, and suppress multidrug resistance protein 1 through the HMGB1/RAGE/PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby improving chemosensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Nai-Wen Tsao, Yen-Chi Lin, Yen-Hsueh Tseng, Shih-Chang Chien, Sheng-Yang Wang
Summary: This study identified the main compounds of exudates from 13 conifers in Taiwan, revealing that the main volatiles were alpha-pinene, beta-ocimene, beta-pinene, sabinene, and caryophyllene. It also found that the nonvolatile compounds were diterpenoids, classified into three types. The analysis results of conifers' epigenetics by GC-MS and HSQC were similar to traditional taxonomy classification, indicating the usefulness of this technology in classifying conifers. Additionally, certain conifers showed strong antifungal activity against white-rot and brown-rot fungi.
JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
K. J. Senthil Kumar, M. Gokila Vani, Sheng-Yang Wang
Summary: This study found that limonene can protect skin cells from damage and aging caused by solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This protective effect is achieved by increasing the expression of endogenous antioxidants and activating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system. In addition, limonene can also inhibit UVB-induced hyperpigmentation and maintain the stability of tight junction proteins.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kotapati Kasi Viswanath, Song-Yi Kuo, Ying-Wen Huang, Nai-Wen Tsao, Chung-Chi Hu, Na-Sheng Lin, Sheng-Yang Wang, Yau-Heiu Hsu
Summary: This study uncovers the interaction between virus-responsive promoter and the corresponding transcription factor in plants, and reveals that NbMYB30 can affect the expression of the AGO5 gene and the accumulation of viruses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Gyaltsen Dakpa, Kanthasamy Jayabal Senthil Kumar, Nai-Wen Tsao, Sheng-Yang Wang
Summary: This study investigated the metabolic alterations induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the regulatory effect of antcin A on these changes. The results showed that antcin A significantly reversed the altered metabolites mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 protein and inhibited the up-regulation of related receptors.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nileema R. R. Divate, Katharina Ardanareswari, Yu-Ping Yu, Ya-Chen Chen, Jiunn-Wang Liao, Yun-Chin Chung
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of tempeh on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and colon precancerous lesions in vivo. The results showed that tempeh water extract could inhibit the proliferation of Caco-2 cells and decrease the level of Clostridium perfringens in rats. The bioactive peptides in tempeh might inhibit colon cancer by suppressing the growth of C. perfringens in the intestinal tract.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yi-Lo Lin, Jiunn-Wang Liao, Shunching Wang, Badrinathan Sridharan, Hsin-Ju Lee, Ai Li, Kai-Ming Chang, Ching-Yang Wu, Siendong Huang, Kai-Ting Chang, Dinesh Chandra Agrawal, Ching-Jung Chen, Meng-Jen Lee
Summary: In this study, it was found that Andrographolide, a compound derived from Andrographis paniculata, can reduce pain sensation in a rat post-operative wound model. The results showed that Andrographolide effectively decreased mechanical allodynia and influenced the expression of certain proteins related to pain and wound healing.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yi-Hui Su, Jia-Shuan Wu, Yan-Zhen Dai, Yng-Tay Chen, Yan-Xiu Lin, Yew-Min Tzeng, Jiunn-Wang Liao
Summary: This study evaluated the antioxidant activity, genotoxicity, and oral toxicity of Antrocin. The results showed that Antrocin has strong antioxidant activity and is not genotoxic. In addition, it did not produce any toxic effects in rats at a dose of 37.5 mg/kg. Therefore, Antrocin can be considered as a reference dose for therapeutic agents in humans.
Article
Biology
Chen-Fang Hsu, Hong-Ming Liu, Jinn-Jer Peir, Jiunn-Wang Liao, Kuan-Sheng Chen, Yi-Wei Chen, Yung-Jen Chuang, Fong-In Chou
Summary: In this study, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was used to treat osteosarcoma (OS), and it was found that boric acid (BA) is specifically retained in the tumor tissue. BNCT effectively reduced the tumor burden and osteolysis in OS-bearing rats.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thuy-Lan-Thi Vo, Xiang-Ming Cai, Jiunn-Wang Liao, Liang-Gie Huang, Chien-Lin Chen, Chi-Hao Wu, Tuzz-Ying Song
Summary: The study found that the ethanolic extract of Cajanus cajan roots (EECR95) showed no mutagenic or cytotoxic effects in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In rats, different doses of EECR95 did not have significant adverse effects on behavior, organ/tissue weights, or immunohistochemical staining. EECR95 potentially decreased certain renal and liver function markers. The extract also contained five soy isoflavones that may contribute to its hepatorenal protection. The safe daily intake of EECR95 for human adults was estimated to be 972 mg.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yu-Tung Ho, I-Hsuan Liu, Shang-Tzen Chang, Sheng-Yang Wang, Hui-Ting Chang
Summary: Agathis species are widely distributed in Southeast Asia, Australasia, South Pacific islands, etc. They have been traditionally used as folk medicines. This study analyzed the chemical composition of Agathis dammara (Lamb.) Rich. leaf essential oil and found that it has an antimelanogenesis effect.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nai-Wen Tsao, Ying-Hsuan Sun, Fang-Hua Chu, Shih-Chang Chien, Sheng-Yang Wang
Summary: The relationship between lignan biosynthesis and programmed cell death (PCD) of ray parenchyma cells during the heartwood formation of Taiwania was investigated. The PCD of ray parenchyma cells and the synthesis of lignans are two important processes involved in heartwood formation and both are regulated by genes. The genotoxic induces the PCD of tracheids, while biological factors like fungi, bacteria, and viruses induce the PCD of ray parenchyma cells, which could lead to oxidative stress. The accumulation of savinin in ray parenchyma cells is found to cause PCD, as confirmed by in vitro experiments and the production of taiwanin A, the marker of heartwood formation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Po-Heng Tsai, Pei-Chen Wu, Hui-Ru Li, K. J. Senthil Kumar, Sheng-Yang Wang
Summary: This study investigated the antidepressant effect of Hirami lemon and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the fruit extract and essential oil of Hirami lemon could reverse depression and anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic mild stress and restore gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, analysis of the chemical components of Hirami lemon revealed the presence of various compounds. Therefore, Hirami lemon has the potential to serve as a source of natural antidepressant agents.
Article
Plant Sciences
Vinayak Nayak, Sushmita Patra, Shrushti Rout, Atala Bihari Jena, Rohit Sharma, Kali Prasad Pattanaik, Jay Singh, Shyam S. Pandey, Ravindra Pratap Singh, Sanatan Majhi, Kshitij R. B. Singh, Rout George Kerry
Summary: This study introduces a customized engineering and designing approach for novel nanotherapeutics, which involves the use of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with specific phytocompounds and coated with an antibody targeting the transferrin receptor. This approach aims to effectively tackle AD-related neuroinflammation by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier and interacting with target molecules within the brain.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhi Shang, Yating Gao, Yan Xue, Congcong Zhang, Jiahao Qiu, Yihan Qian, Miao Fang, Xin Zhang, Xuehua Sun, Xiaoni Kong, Yueqiu Gao
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of Shenge Formula (SGF) in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using proteomics strategy. The results revealed that SGF could regulate the lipid metabolism and energy consumption process of hepatocytes to treat NAFLD.
Article
Plant Sciences
Long You, Ting Shen, Weicheng Hu, Jae Youl Cho
Summary: By activating growth factor receptors such as EGFR and HER2, protopanaxatriol (PPT) can regulate skin moisturizing factors and multiple signaling pathways, thereby protecting and moisturizing the skin.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lingmei Li, Lei Li, Ce Cao, Fan Guo, Aoao Wang, Li Lin, Zixin Liu, Hongxu Meng, Peng Zhang, Gaojie Xin, Jianxun Liu, Junguo Ren, Jianhua Fu
Summary: The study found that Shuangshen Ningxin Capsule (SSNX) has a protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. It works by correcting abnormal myocardial energy metabolism, changing the levels and distribution patterns of phospholipids, and stabilizing the structure of the myocardial cell membrane. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can be used to detect the spatial distribution of small molecule metabolites in the myocardium.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nidhi Sharma, Ramakrishna Sistla, Sai Balaji Andugulapati
Summary: The study investigates the anti-fibrotic activity of Yohimbine hydrochloride (YHC) in chronic liver injury. The results show that YHC can reduce inflammation and fibrosis, potentially making it a potential lead compound for liver fibrosis treatment.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tao-tao Wang, Cheng-yong Yang, Li Peng, Li Li, Nan-ting Chen, Xue Feng, Jing Xie, Ting-chun Wu, Tao Xu, Yun-zhi Chen
Summary: QSYQ has been found to have an anti-atherosclerotic effect by targeting TTC39B-LXR mediated reverse cholesterol transport in the liver. QSYQ not only promotes reverse cholesterol transport, but also improves fatty liver and protects liver function.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhuo Liu, Yuli Geng, Yanjing Huang, Runan Hu, Fan Li, Jiahui Ding, Wenwen Ma, Haoxu Dong, Kunkun Song, Xiaohu Xu, Xiao Wu, Yufan Song, Mingmin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the Bushen Antai recipe (BAR) in abortion-prone mice and explored its potential mechanisms related to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The results showed that BAR improved embryo absorption rate and increased the number of MDSCs, promoting normal pregnancy processes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xue-Ping Yang, Jia-Hua Huang, Fan-Long Ye, Qing-Yun Yv, Sheng Chen, Wen-Wei Li, Min Zhu
Summary: This study found that ECH exerts neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating the expression of the TLR2/NF-kappa B/NLRP3 axis and reducing the expression of alpha-syn.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lihui Qian, Sirui Huang, Xiaoli Liu, Yongxia Jiang, Yongqu Jiang, Yue Hu, Zhou Yang
Summary: This study highlights the potential use of morroniside in treating post-stroke depression (PSD) by activating the MiR-409-3p-mediated BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiahui Wu, Hoi Lam Zhang, Suisui Guo, Xin Li, Tingxia Dong, Yue Zhu, Karl Wah Keung Tsim
Summary: This study revealed the significant MDR-preventing effects of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR) in fluoxetine-induced Escherichia coli (E. coli). ATR reduced the accumulation of fluoxetine in bacteria and reversed the fluoxetine-induced membrane damage and superoxide response. The polysaccharide fraction of ATR exhibited the most significant anti-MDR activity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Chao-Sheng Lu, Chen-Yu Wu, Yi-Hong Wang, Qing-Qing Hu, Rong-Yue Sun, Min-Jie Pan, Xin-Yu Lu, Ting Zhu, Shuang Luo, Hong-Jing Yang, Dan Wang, Hong-Wei Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of icariin in alleviating testicular dysfunction induced by T1D, with the involvement of AMPK-mediated Nrf2 activation and NF-kappa B p65 inhibition.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hongkang Zhu, Fanglin Shen, Xiaochen Wang, He Qian, Yu Liu
Summary: This study explores the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in alleviating sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation. By interacting with the gut microbiota, CGA improves intestinal barrier, regulates immune function, and enhances hippocampal-dependent spatial memory via Nrf2/PPAR signaling pathways. This research provides important insights into the clinical application of CGA in sleep-related disorders.
Article
Plant Sciences
Meng Liu, Pengli Guo, Mengnan Zeng, Yuhan Zhang, Jufang Jia, Yanling Liu, Xu Chen, Haixue Kuang, Weisheng Feng, Xiaoke Zheng
Summary: This study found that Fre D and Reh C improved S-AKI through the ER-TLR4-IL-1β pathway, and ERα and ERβ may have direct or indirect interactions with TLR4.
Review
Plant Sciences
Puja Ghosh, Niloy Patari, Chennu Manisha, Duraiswamy Basavan, Velammal Petchiappan, Antony Justin
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms of alternative treatment using lectins for cancer, particularly MDRC cancer. Lectins have the ability to reverse drug resistance mechanisms and show synergistic effects when combined with complementary medicine. They can also serve as nano drug carriers for targeted delivery.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tian Lan, Xiao-juan Geng, Si-jia Zhang, Xi-xi Zeng, Jun-jie Ying, Yi Xu, Shi-yu Liu, Ping Li, Yu-hua Tong, Wen Wang, Zhu-jun Mao, Si-wei Wang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of SNS on MAFLD in mice and explores its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results show that SNS effectively reduces lipid accumulation and improves MAFLD through the activation of AMPK and the modulation of lipid metabolism-related proteins.
