Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Christoph Etzlstorfer, Alois Leitner, Enno Arenholz, Ernst Kozeschnik
Summary: During heat treatment, element redistribution may occur between the plating materials in cladded steel composites, with carbon diffusion observed between different layers. Numerical simulations with MatCalc software package were conducted to simulate carbon diffusion in roll-cladded steel composites, comparing two material combinations with experimental results. The simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that even short heat treatment intervals can significantly influence carbon redistribution within the steel composite.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Soheyla Mohammadi Alagoz, Noreen Zahra, Monireh Hajiaghaei Kamrani, Behnam Asgari Lajayer, Khatereh Nobaharan, Tess Astatkie, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Muhammad Farooq
Summary: Frequent and intense drought episodes impact agricultural productivity by challenging plant water status. Understanding root hydraulics and root architecture is crucial to improve water uptake and modulate important root traits for crop improvement, especially in drought-prone areas. This review highlights the role of roots and the root-shoot junction in quickly transporting water under drought stress.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yuanhong You, Chunlin Huang, Zuo Wang, Jinliang Hou, Ying Zhang, Peipei Xu
Summary: This study investigates the feasibility of using a genetic particle filter (GPF) as a snow data assimilation scheme to assimilate ground-based snow depth measurements across different snow climates. The results show that the GPF is a suitable approach for snow data assimilation and can provide satisfactory assimilation results.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Michal Wrobel, Panos Papanastasiou, Daniel Peck
Summary: In this paper, an efficient algorithm for the numerical simulation of hydraulic fractures in the plain strain model is proposed. The algorithm uses a finite element method subroutine to compute the deformation of the fractured material and models the flow of a generalized Newtonian fluid in the fracture using lubrication theory. The computational scheme has a relatively simple architecture, allowing for the analysis of complex cases of fractured material properties and configurations as well as various rheological models of fluid.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matteo Bilardo, Maria Ferrara, Enrico Fabrizio
Summary: The building sector has great potential for contributing to the 2030 EU goals of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing production from renewable sources. The potential of solar cooling system in multi-family buildings is analyzed in this paper, highlighting the importance of optimal design and quantifying achievable renewable energy ratios and related costs in different climates.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Panagiotis Sismanidis, Benjamin Bechtel, Mike Perry, Darren Ghent
Summary: This study investigates the differences in seasonal hysteresis of Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity (SUHII) across different climates and provides a detailed classification of the daytime and nighttime SUHII hysteresis loops. It shows that the shape of SUHII hysteresis can be concave-up, concave-down, twisted, flat, or triangle-like. Wet climates exhibit a universal concave-up hysteresis during the daytime, while cities in dry climates show a more complex pattern.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
A. Pena, P. Santos
Summary: An atmospheric hydraulic jump phenomenon was observed near Pamplona, Spain, with simulations showing it occurring in a valley more than 2 km downstream of a mountain. The jump lasts about 10 hours starting in the evening, followed by lee-wave activity dominating until late in the morning.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qiang Wang, Chaoneng Zhao, Wengao Zhou, Heng Yu, Jinzhou Zhao, Yongquan Hu
Summary: This study developed a multiphase heat and mass transfer model to accurately predict changes in matrix salinity during hydraulic fracturing. The results showed that the volume and temperature of the fracturing fluid, as well as the number of natural fractures, have significant effects on the salinity distribution within the matrix.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Michael Belovitch, Steven Brantley, Doug P. Aubrey
Summary: This study investigates differences in hydraulic redistribution (HR) and groundwater use among common canopy species in longleaf pine woodlands. The results show that Pinus palustris had higher water use than Quercus species and redistributed significantly more water as a nocturnal subsidy.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Maja Danovska, Giovanni Pernigotto, Paolo Baggio, Andrea Gasparella
Summary: Many studies confirm that the thermal properties of building materials are affected by temperature and moisture content. However, building performance simulation often uses constant thermal conductivity values, which can lead to inaccuracies. This research combines experimental and numerical analyses to determine dynamic thermal conductivity functions for timber materials and assesses the inaccuracies in thermal performance calculations. Results show that using dynamic thermal conductivity values can significantly improve the accuracy of heat transfer calculations in timber components.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Nicholas Jarvis, Jannis Groh, Elisabet Lewan, Katharina H. E. Meurer, Walter Durka, Cornelia Baessler, Thomas Putz, Elvin Rufullayev, Harry Vereecken
Summary: Projections from global climate models indicate that human-induced climate change will increase the frequency of severe droughts in important agricultural regions. Evaluating a simple eco-hydrological model using data from two sites in Germany, this study found that the model was able to reproduce the measurements satisfactorily. Significant differences in certain model parameters were also identified between the two sites, suggesting the influence of climate change on plant traits and water balance.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haijia Xu, Zhongchao Zhao, Huizhi Gong, Jiahui Ding, Cong Li
Summary: This paper numerically investigates the local flow and heat transfer of supercritical LNG during the pseudophase transition process of three airfoil channels with different structures and shapes. The shape and structure of the airfoil generates secondary flow that has an important influence on the local flow heat transfer performance. The research shows that Fin-2 has the best hydraulic performance, especially in the gas-like region, while Fin-3 has the best heat transfer performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Benjamin D. Hafner, Benjamin D. Hesse, Thorsten E. E. Grams
Summary: The study found that hydraulic redistribution can alleviate drought stress for individual trees, but its effects on neighboring trees are still unclear. Results showed that the uptake of HR water increases with root length, but the species identity does not significantly affect HR.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ori Adam, Alexander Farnsworth, Daniel J. Lunt
Summary: The variation of the tropical rain belt is largely driven by equatorial precipitation inhibition. The tropical modality is a fundamental characteristic of tropical climate, which is associated with the width of the rain belt and the meridional overturning circulation. Low modality regions exhibit monsoonal seasonal variations, while high modality regions have three independent seasonal modes of variation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nicola Montaldo, Roberto Corona, Matteo Curreli, Serena Sirigu, Luca Piroddi, Ram Oren
Summary: In Mediterranean mountainous areas with shallow soil, the interaction and competition between tree patches and surrounding grass play a crucial role in ecosystem stability. Research shows that rock water contributes significantly to the seasonal dynamics of evapotranspiration, impacting vegetation growth and resilience to drought. Climate and land cover changes further affect water distribution and ecosystem structure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Adam N. Wlostowski, Noah Molotch, Suzanne P. Anderson, Susan L. Brantley, Jon Chorover, David Dralle, Praveen Kumar, Li Li, Kathleen A. Lohse, John M. Mallard, Jennifer C. McIntosh, Sheila F. Murphy, Eric Parrish, Mohammad Safeeq, Mark Seyfried, Yuning Shi, Ciaran Harman
Summary: This study characterizes the hydrologic dynamics of 15 catchments in the U.S. Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network, finding links between precipitation form, soil structure, and hydrologic characteristics.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Greg A. Barron-Gafford, John F. Knowles, Enrique P. Sanchez-Canete, Rebecca L. Minor, Esther Lee, Leland Sutter, Newton Tran, Patrick Murphy, Erik P. Hamerlynck, Praveen Kumar, Russell L. Scott
Summary: The study explores the different responses of overstory trees and understory grasses within a semiarid savanna ecosystem to climatic variability, finding that hydraulic redistribution can serve as a buffer against interannual precipitation variability, affecting vegetation water use and ecohydrological function.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ranjeet K. Jha, Prasanta K. Kalita, Richard A. Cooke, Praveen Kumar, Paul C. Davidson, Rajkumar Jat
Review
Agronomy
Rohit Nandan, Dong K. Woo, Praveen Kumar, J. Adinarayana
Summary: The study investigates the impact of climate change on corn yields and examines irrigation scheduling methods to improve crop yield using the MLCan model. Results show that temperature increase and precipitation decrease due to climate change can reduce crop yields, with the leaf water potential method being more effective in improving crop yields under future climate conditions.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
E. Lee, P. Kumar, J. F. Knowles, R. L. Minor, N. Tran, G. A. Barron-Gafford, R. L. Scott
Summary: Hydraulic redistribution refers to the movement of water from wet to dry soil layers through plant roots, impacting the interaction between deep-rooted and shallow-rooted vegetation species. The study shows that hydraulic redistribution plays a growth facilitation role, supporting a significant portion of tree and grass transpiration.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Molly R. Cain, Dong Kook Woo, Praveen Kumar, Laura Keefer, Adam S. Ward
Summary: This study investigates the threshold patterns of tile-runoff generation in a drained agricultural field in Illinois and explores the control of antecedent conditions and event nitrate concentration-discharge relationships on tile response. The results demonstrate the emergence of an event tile-runoff threshold relative to precipitation and antecedent soil and groundwater conditions, highlighting the need to fill both shallow soil and below-tile storages to generate significant runoff. Additionally, the linear dependence of event nitrate load on runoff suggests that subsurface nitrate export and storage can be estimated using runoff threshold relationships and average nitrate concentrations.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Susana Roque-Malo, Jennifer L. Druhan, Praveen Kumar
Summary: Vegetation optimizes its geochemical environment through root exudation, and a new model called REWTCrunch has been developed to simulate the effects of root exudation on soil biogeochemistry, filling an important gap in current simulation studies.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Kunxuan Wang, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This work presents the MLCan3D model, a high-resolution and high-fidelity physical ecohydrologic model. MLCan3D implements detailed physical process representations and is accessible through a graphical user interface. The model has been tested and shown potential in producing simulations close to real systems and performing virtual experiments. The goal is for MLCan3D to serve as a virtual laboratory for the scientific community to explore ecohydrologic processes.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meredith Richardson Martin, Praveen Kumar, Oliver Sonnentag, Philip Marsh
Summary: This study explores the thermodynamic basis behind the treeline and suggests that it is a result of ecosystems self-organizing towards thermodynamic feasibility.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Afeefa Rahman, Praveen Kumar, Francina Dominguez
Summary: While facing freshwater scarcity and increased demand, current approaches for addressing water security are not sustainable. This study proposes capturing humid air over oceans as a solution to increase freshwater resources and ensure water security.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Leila C. Hernandez Rodriguez, Allison E. Goodwell, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This study investigates the influence of organized land cover heterogeneity on land-atmosphere exchange observations using a tall eddy covariance flux tower in Central Illinois, USA. The results show that land cover heterogeneity has a significant impact on the observed flux magnitudes and variability, and this influence can be extended to other intensively managed or otherwise heterogeneous landscapes.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Leila Constanza Hernandez Rodriguez, Praveen Kumar
Summary: At the interface between the biosphere and the atmosphere, the nonlinear interdependencies among components of an ecohydrological complex system can be inferred using high frequency multivariate time series observations. This study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of the system by examining the structural dependency of information flow and the associated functional response. The results show that variables controlling the atmosphere's dynamics and thermodynamics are mainly driven by non-local conditions, while scalar transport associated with CO2 and H2O is primarily driven by short-term local conditions.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Leila Constanza Hernandez Rodriguez, Praveen Kumar
Summary: In this study, high-frequency eddy covariance measurements were used to analyze the interdependency among variables at the land-atmosphere interface. A directed acyclic graph was used to represent the causal structure of these interactions. The results showed distinct clusters of similar causal dependencies and provided insights into how turbulence manifests in high-frequency data.
Article
Water Resources
Qina Yan, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This study simulates the impact of accelerated soil erosion on heterotrophic carbon loss (HCL) in agricultural fields, showing that it expands the spatial variation of HCL and mechanical mixing due to tillage accentuates the contrast. The peak values of HCL occur in areas with relatively low soil transport rates, and HCL has a strong correlation with SOC redistribution rate rather than soil transport rate.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meredith Richardson, Praveen Kumar
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
