Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ricardo Franci Goncalves, Laila de Oliveira Vaz, Mario Peres, Solange Sarnaglia Merlo
Summary: The research evaluated the performance of a greywater treatment plant and assessed the microbial risk, finding that post-treatment was essential to produce reclaimed water with satisfactory quality. The QMRA approach was useful in comparing different treatment levels for greywater reuse.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Camilla Di Marcantonio, Agostina Chiavola, Silvia Paderi, Valentina Gioia, Marco Mancini, Tommaso Calchetti, Alessandro Frugis, Simone Leoni, Giancarlo Cecchini, Massimo Spizzirri, Maria Rosaria Boni
Summary: The study found that the main removal of organic micropollutants took place in the bioreactor of a wastewater reclamation plant, with further abatement occurring in the tertiary compartment. There was also a significant correlation between the removal processes of the investigated pollutants and traditional water quality parameters. The human health risk for incidental ingestion and dermal contact was found to be below 1, indicating an acceptable level of risk.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniele Cecconet, Silvia Bolognesi, Luca Piacentini, Arianna Callegari, Andrea G. Capodaglio
Summary: Greywater treatment is a crucial part of wastewater management in buildings, and MFCs provide a sustainable solution for efficient organic matter removal and energy production. Different conductivity levels of greywater did not affect the removal of organic matter in MFCs, but low conductivity greywater hindered energy generation, highlighting the need for further research and improvements.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Stephanie S. Lau, Katherine Bokenkamp, Aleksander Tecza, Elizabeth D. Wagner, Michael J. Plewa, William A. Mitch
Summary: Potable reuse offers a reliable and sustainable solution to water shortage, but implementation is hindered by concerns over water quality and health risks. A comparative analysis shows that potable reuse waters have lower cytotoxicity than traditional drinking waters, indicating that it can provide a safe alternative water supply.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eduardo Leiva, Carolina Rodriguez, Rafael Sanchez, Jennyfer Serrano
Summary: This study found that in rural areas, using decentralized greywater treatment systems for reuse is not economically viable, as the investment and operating costs are not offset by water savings. Economic indicators for treating light greywater were less negative compared to treating a mixture of light greywater and dark greywater in the two evaluated scenarios (public schools).
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Z. Amadou Yacouba, J. Mendret, G. Lesage, F. Zaviska, S. Brosillon
Summary: This study developed an innovative integrated membrane and oxidation system for domestic wastewater treatment, combining MBR, NF, and ozonation. The NF process effectively rejected selected organic micropollutants, while ozonation achieved successful degradation of various pharmaceuticals. Pre-ozonation significantly reduced NF fouling resistance.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiajian Xing, Lei Du, Xie Quan, Xinsheng Luo, Shane A. Snyder, Heng Liang
Summary: The combination of chlor(am)ine-UV oxidation and ultrafiltration enhances membrane system performance, increases wastewater reuse efficiency, prevents membrane fouling accumulation, improves removal of organic and inorganic substances, and modifies characteristics of dissolved organic matter for better water quality and safety.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carolina Rodriguez, Rafael Sanchez, Natalia Rebolledo, Nicolas Schneider, Jennyfer Serrano, Eduardo Leiva
Summary: Water scarcity is a major concern globally, particularly affecting rural areas. Greywater treatment systems show promising potential in saving drinking water and reducing environmental impacts.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Carolina Rodriguez, Fernanda Carrasco, Rafael Sanchez, Natalia Rebolledo, Nicolas Schneider, Jennyfer Serrano, Eduardo Leiva
Summary: Greywater reuse technology is an ecological alternative to combat water scarcity. Pilot greywater treatment systems installed in rural public schools in the Coquimbo Region of Chile have shown high efficiency in achieving required water quality standards and significant water savings.
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Geetha Maniam, Nur Ain Zakaria, Choe Peng Leo, Vasilena Vassilev, Karen Banahene Blay, Kourosh Behzadian, Phaik Eong Poh
Summary: This article reviews various products for rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment and reuse on laboratory, pre-commercialization scale, and commercialized products. A conceptual framework is proposed to facilitate decision making for suitable decentralized water reclamation solutions. Decentralized systems are crucial in reducing dependence on centralized water supply.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eric S. Peterson, R. Scott Summers, Sherri M. Cook
Summary: This study evaluated the biodegradation potential of pre-formed disinfection byproduct (DBP) species during biofiltration with sand, anthracite, and biological activated carbon. It was found that the biofiltration process effectively removed di-and trihalogenated haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloacetamides (HAMs), and haloacetaldehydes (HALs), and the removal was associated with the presence of active heterotrophic biomass and biodegradable organic carbon. Biofiltration also effectively controlled DBP concentrations and calculated toxicity after prechlorination.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Luz Tovar-Salvador, Marina G. Pintado-Herrera, Pablo A. Lara-Martin, Estefania Bonnail
Summary: This study monitored the presence of various persistent and emerging organic pollutants in the coastal region of the Atacama Desert in Chile for the first time, and found a high level of nonylphenols, which could be attributed to anthropogenic activities such as mining and agriculture. The results highlight the need for expanding monitoring efforts globally to better assess the pollution status in remote regions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Veronika Zhiteneva, Guido Carvajal, Omar Shehata, Uwe Huebner, Joerg E. Drewes
Summary: Risk-based approaches were used to evaluate pathogen removal in an indirect potable reuse system, with Bayesian networks utilized for probabilistic analysis. Cryptosporidium was identified as the pathogen with the greatest risk, and critical control points were determined through sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis. Bayesian networks were shown to be useful as a diagnostic tool in quantifying risk for water reuse treatment scenarios.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ezgi Demircan Ozelcaglayan, Wayne J. Parker
Summary: This literature review discusses the application of B-Cyclodextrin-based adsorbents for removing organic micropollutants from water. The shape and size of the pollutants affect their adsorption behavior, and the surface charge of the adsorbents plays a role in adsorption under repulsive forces. Common competitors such as natural organic matter and inorganic ions have minimal impact, but small fulvic acids may compete for the B-Cyclodextrin cavity. Desorption of pollutants has been achieved with alcohols and most adsorbents can be reused. The need for enhanced recovery processes and the use of computational tools for future environmental applications are identified.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
H. M. Abd-ur-Rehman, V. Prodanovic, A. Deletic, S. J. Khan, J. A. McDonald, K. Zhang
Summary: Green walls provide a new and on-site method for treating and reusing greywater in urban areas. This study investigated the performance of different lightweight green wall media in removing twelve emerging contaminants from greywater. The results showed that coco coir and media mix columns achieved excellent removal of all contaminants through adsorption, with some hydrophilic contaminants also undergoing biodegradation. However, further research is needed to investigate the synergetic contribution of plants and media in removing these contaminants in long-term vegetated green wall systems.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanghui Xu, Qin Ou, Meng Jiao, Gang Liu, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: This study developed a method to detect and quantify nanoparticles (NPs) in environmental water bodies, and quantified the concentrations of six selected NPs in surface water and groundwater. The results showed that NPs were widely present in the environmental water samples, with polypropylene and polyethylene as the dominant components. This study filled in the gaps in our knowledge about the levels of NP pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Anurag Bhambhani, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Zoran Kapelan
Summary: Resource recovery solutions are crucial for sustainable water management. The Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) framework is widely used for assessing sustainability. This review paper analyzes the relationship between LCSA and three critical characteristics of water sector resource recovery solutions, and evaluates these characteristics using a case study from the Netherlands.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ying Shen Teo, Iman Jafari, Fei Liang, Youmi Jung, Jan Peter Van der Hoek, Say Leong Ong, Jiangyong Hu
Summary: The UV/Cl2 process is commonly used in acidic mediums for water treatment due to its higher quantum yield of HO· from HOCl and lower radical quenching rates. Recent research evaluated its efficacy in removing trimethoprim (TMP) at both neutral and alkaline conditions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lei Ding, Dandan Wang, Ling Li, Yunhan Jia, Jiangya Ma, Feifei Wang, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: This study investigated the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of humic acid (HA) fractions with different properties on a magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin. The results showed that MIEX resin effectively removed hydrophilic and hydrophobic HA components, as well as low molecular weight fractions to some degree. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model and was spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-driven. This study is important for the design of MIEX resin reactors and the optimization of operational parameters for the removal of natural organic matter in different water sources.
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ka Leung Lam, Gang Liu, Anne Marieke Motelica-Wagenaar, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: This study assesses the progress of greenhouse gas emissions management in urban water systems in four global cities and highlights the challenges in reaching carbon-neutrality goals. The study shows that these cities have reduced their emissions in the water industry through various engineering opportunities, but it also emphasizes the need for collaboration with other sectors to achieve carbon neutrality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Salma Ebrahimzadeh, Bas Wols, Arianna Azzellino, Franca Kramer, Jan Peter van Der Hoek
Summary: Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is a promising technology for removing organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water treatment plants, especially when combined with rapid sand filters (RSFs). However, the mechanism of OMPs removal by the combination of PAC and RSF is not fully understood.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tiza Spit, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Coen de Jong, Doris van Halem, Merle de Kreuk, Bruno Bicudo Perez
Summary: This study investigated the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and antibiotic resistance (AR) using ozone, coagulation, and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration in wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that ozone and coagulation effectively removed both antibiotic-sensitive bacteria (ASB) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), although higher doses were required. GAC filters posed a risk of enhancing ARB, particularly in filters with a matured biology.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Agha Zeeshan Ali, Yiqian Wu, Yasmina-Doekhi Bennani, Henri Spanjers, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: The presence of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment effluents poses a significant threat to water safety. A study investigated the application of BiVO4/BiOI heterojunction photoanode for acetaminophen removal in demineralized water. The heterojunction photoanode showed improved charge separation efficiency and exhibited higher removal efficiency compared to BiVO4 photoanode. These results provide valuable insights for the effective removal of acetaminophen, an OMP, from wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanghui Xu, Qin Ou, Xintu Wang, Feng Hou, Peng Li, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Gang Liu
Summary: This study used pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine the mass concentrations of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results showed that the mass concentrations of total MPs and NPs decreased during the treatment process, with NPs having a lower removal efficiency than MPs. It was estimated that approximately 0.321 and 0.052 tons of MPs and NPs were released into the river each year based on the annual wastewater effluent discharge. Overall, this study provided valuable information about the pollution level and distribution characteristics of MPs, especially NPs, in WWTPs.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shreya Ajith Trikannad, Doris van Halem, Jan Willem Foppen, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: Slow Sand Filtration is commonly used in drinking water treatment to remove various contaminants. The Schmutzdecke in slow sand filters plays a crucial role in pathogen removal but causes increased head loss. This research investigated the removal of E.coli WR1 and PhiX 174 at different depths of a full-scale slow sand filter. The results showed that different layers significantly contributed to the overall removal of bacteria and viruses, with the deeper layers playing a more substantial role than the Schmutzdecke.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruihua Zhang, Rong Xiao, Feifei Wang, Wenhai Chu, Jinglong Hu, Yu Zhang, Wei Jin, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Zuxin Xu
Summary: Illicit connections between sewage pipes and stormwater pipes are common in urban stormwater systems. This can result in untreated sewage being discharged into natural water sources, posing risks to ecological safety. The presence of unknown dissolved organic matter in sewage can react with disinfectants, leading to the formation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts. Therefore, understanding the impacts of illicit connections on downstream water quality is significant.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Feifei Wang, Yulin Hu, Jiazheng Pan, Jie Zhou, Chiquan He, J. A. M. H. Hofman, Wenhai Chu, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: The study investigated the short-term and long-term effects of phosphate addition on the formation potentials of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) by biological activated carbon filters (BACFs). The results showed that short-term phosphate addition improved the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and various types of DBPs, but long-term addition led to a decrease in these removals.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaxing Fang, Zihan Dai, Xiaoming Li, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Dragan Savic, Gertjan Medema, Walter van der Meer, Gang Liu
Summary: The contribution of biofilm detachment from different pipes to water quality deterioration has not been quantified or compared. This study analyzed particles at customers' ends and traced their origins to water distribution mains and service lines. The results showed that elemental concentrations of the biofilm in mains were higher than those of service lines, both dominated by Ca. Filter bags were dominated by Fe/Mn. After introducing partial reverse osmosis (RO), Ca significantly decreased in biofilms of mains, but the released Fe/Mn arrived at customers' ends. The ATP concentrations of service lines were higher than mains, which decreased on mains but increased in service lines after introducing RO. According to source tracking results, service lines contributed more than mains to the particulate material collected by filter bags.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Agha Zeeshan Ali, Sadhna Jagannathan, Yasmina-Doekhi Bennani, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Henri Spanjers
Summary: This research studied the application of photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) based advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the removal of multiple organic micro-pollutants (OMPs). It validated the simultaneous removal of acetaminophen (ACT), benzotriazole (BTA), and propranolol (PRO) using BiVO4 photoanodes under solar simulated light.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anurag Bhambhani, Zoran Kapelan, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: Resource recovery solutions are important for reducing water resource use intensity. This study proposes a modified material circularity indicator (MCI) method to assess the circularity of biogeochemical resources. The new approach considers flows such as nitrogen emissions and groundwater infiltration as circular flows, contributing to future resource availability and sustainability. A real-life case study on treated wastewater (TW) fertigation demonstrates how the modified method can evaluate the circularity of resource recovery solutions effectively.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rong-Gui Zhu, Chang-Gui Pan, Feng-Jiao Peng, Chao-Yang Zhou, Jun-Jie Hu, Kefu Yu
Summary: This comprehensive survey investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-HB in a marine food web. Results showed that parabens were the predominant pollutants in marine organisms, with significant bioaccumulation from sediments. The estimated trophic magnification factor indicated biomagnification for MeP and trophic dilution for 4-HB. Overall, the risks for humans consuming marine organisms were found to be low.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Andres F. Torres-Franco, Deborah Leroy-Freitas, Cristina Martinez-Fraile, Elisa Rodriguez, Pedro A. Garcia-Encina, Raul Munoz
Summary: Anaerobic and microalgae-based technologies have emerged as sustainable alternatives for municipal wastewater treatment. However, the presence of viruses in the treated wastewater is a major concern for reuse applications. This study assessed the ability of these technologies to reduce viruses during secondary wastewater treatment. The results showed that all technologies were effective in reducing the concentration of viruses, with microalgae-based treatment exhibiting the highest potential for reducing the disinfection requirements of treated wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Young Gwang Kim, Sae Yun Kwon, Spencer J. Washburn, Scott C. Brooks, Ji Won Yoon, Lucien Besnard
Summary: The study uses Hg isotope ratios to identify the sources and exposure pathways of mercury in bivalves, finding that dissolved Hg phases in the water column are the primary source and exposure pathway to bivalves. This provides new insights into using bivalves as bioindicators for sediment quality monitoring.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hui Geng, Ying Xu, Rui Liu, Dianhai Yang, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigates the effect of cation exchange resin (CER) on the sequential recovery of hydrogen and methane from anaerobic digestion (AD) and the corresponding mechanisms. The results show that CER can simultaneously enhance the production of hydrogen and methane by promoting the solubilisation, hydrolysis, and acidification of organic matter. Additionally, CER facilitates effective contact between bacteria and organic particulates and reduces the energy barrier for mass transfer during methane production. The study also reveals changes in the microbial community structure and metagenomics during the AD process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Lin, Zhan Jin, Shunfeng Jiang, Zhiquan Wang, Suqing Wu, Ke Bei, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng
Summary: Dehumidification combined with addition of absorbent resin supplement (ARS) was used to achieve rapid evaporation of non-pretreated urine, resulting in high water evaporation efficiency and nutrient recovery.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangli Che, Chaoran Lin, Shen Li, Jiao Liu, Longhai Zhu, Shilei Yu, Nan Wang, Haoshuai Li, Mutai Bao, Yang Zhou, Tonghao Si, Rui Bao
Summary: Hydrodynamic processes play a crucial role in the transmission of sediments, microbial assembly, and organic carbon redistribution in the ocean. Through experiments and analysis, we found that hydrodynamics shape the assembly of microbial communities and control the redistribution of different sourced organic carbon, thereby influencing microbial-mediated biogeochemical transformation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Chen, Yu Yang, Nigel J. D. Graham, Zhenyu Li, Xingtao Yang, Zhining Wang, Nadia Farhat, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Li -an Hou
Summary: The fouling of seawater reverse osmosis membranes is a persistent challenge in desalination. This study monitored the operational performance of a desalination plant for 7 years and the fouling development in different areas of membrane modules. The findings showed that operational performance declined over time and fouling mainly occurred at the feed side of the modules, with the highest microbial diversity. Keystone species like Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes played an important role in maintaining community structure and biofilm maturation. Polysaccharides, soluble microbial products, marine humic acid-like substances, and inorganic substances contributed to fouling. Overall, biofouling had a significant impact on membrane fouling after 7 years of operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dan Li, Jieyi Sun, Yibo Fu, Wentao Hong, Heli Wang, Qian Yang, Junhong Wu, Sen Yang, Jianhui Xu, Yunfei Zhang, Yirong Deng, Yin Zhong, Ping'an Peng
Summary: Sulfidation-oxidation treatment of magnetite (Fe3O4) enhances the production of dark center dot OH, which can efficiently degrade dissolved organic matter (DOM) and accelerate carbon cycling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cheng Yu, Kaijun Wang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Ruiyang Liu, Pingping Zheng
Summary: This study implemented a microaerobic-aerobic configuration in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facility and investigated the effects on sludge characteristics, pollutant removal, microbial community, and granulation mechanisms. The results showed successful transition from flocculent-activated sludge to well-defined AGS after two months of operation. The primary pathways for pollutant removal were simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Moreover, the incorporation of internal separators induced shifts in the flow pattern, which promoted granulation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Zhang, Shaoyang Hu, Guangrong Sun, Wei Wang
Summary: Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as halogenated phenols, have garnered widespread attention due to their high toxicity and prevalence. This study reports on the analysis, occurrence, and cytotoxicity of a group of emerging halogenated aromatic DBPs, known as halogenated polyhydroxyphenols (HPPs), in drinking water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengyue Chen, Jinliang Huang, Peng Wang, Xi Tang, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: Accurate prediction of river water quality is crucial for sustainable water management. This study introduces wavelet analysis and transfer learning techniques to assist LSTM modeling, proposing a newly coupled modeling approach that improves short-term prediction of river water quality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bang Du, Xinmin Zhan, Piet N. L. Lens, Yifeng Zhang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Efficient anaerobic digestion relies on the cooperation of different microorganisms with different metabolic pathways. This study investigated the effects of different operational modes and the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ethanol metabolic pathways. The results showed that the SBR mode and the presence of CO2 facilitated ethanol metabolism towards propionate production, while the CFR mode with extended solids retention time enriched Geobacter. Adjusting operational modes and PAC addition can modulate anaerobic ethanol metabolism and enrich Geobacter.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wanfa Wang, Si-Liang Li, Jun Zhong, Yuanbi Yi, Fujun Yue, Zenglei Han, Qixin Wu, Ding He, Cong-Qiang Liu
Summary: This study compares the carbon biogeochemical processes in karst and non-karst regions within large thermal stratified river-reservoir systems. The results demonstrate that karst reservoirs have a reduced potential for carbon emissions and highlight the importance of considering geologic settings to improve accuracy in regional and global CO2 emission estimates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chunxia Jiang, Zelong Zhao, Dong Zhu, Xiong Pan, Yuyi Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environmental media of the Yangtze River using metagenomics. Core resistome dominated by multidrug resistance genes was found in all samples, while rare resistome dominated by various resistance genes was more prevalent in plasmids. Specific bacteria were identified as hosts for both core and rare resistomes, with high clinical concern ARGs found in the rare resistome. Particle-associated environment provided the most ideal conditions for resistome hosts. This study provided insights into the genetic locations of ARGs and the community assembly mechanisms of ARG hosts in freshwater environments.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Zhang, Yongtao He, Linchun Jia, Lei Xu, Zheng Wang, Yueling He, Ling Xiong, Xumeng Lin, Hong Chen, Gang Xue
Summary: By synergizing organic carbon source, thiosulfate, and zero-valent iron, efficient mixotrophic denitrification of oligotrophic secondary effluent can be achieved. Thiosulfate plays a vital role in promoting TN removal efficiency, while corrosion of Fe0 releases OH- to neutralize H+ from thiosulfate-driven denitrification, creating a suitable environment for denitrification. The coordination of thiosulfate and Fe0 maintains the dominance of Thiobacillus for denitrification.