Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jack Longman, Thomas M. Gernon, Martin R. Palmer, Morgan T. Jones, Ella W. Stokke, Henrik H. Svensen
Summary: The PETM was a period of intense global warming possibly linked to NAIP volcanism, resulting in carbon sequestration and the recovery to more temperate climate conditions.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jessica E. Tierney, Jiang Zhu, Mingsong Li, Andy Ridgwell, Gregory J. Hakim, Christopher J. Poulsen, Ross D. M. Whiteford, James W. B. Rae, Lee R. Kump
Summary: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is an important geological analog for understanding climate dynamics. Using paleoclimate data assimilation, researchers were able to create a spatially complete reconstruction of the PETM and its preceding climate state. The results suggest strong polar amplification and changes in the hydrological cycle, similar to future climate change projections. The study also found that PETM had a much higher equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) compared to present-day values.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pengfei Xue, Liao Chang, Zhaowen Pei, Richard J. Harrison
Summary: The origin of giant magnetofossils has remained a mystery due to the absence of modern analogues. This study discovered abundant giant magnetofossils in North Atlantic marine sediments, not only during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum but also before and after this period. The findings suggest that giant biogenic magnetite crystals were not exclusively produced during ancient hyperthermal events.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christian Berndt, Sverre Planke, Carlos A. Alvarez A. Zarikian, Joost Frieling, Morgan T. T. Jones, John M. M. Millett, Henk Brinkhuis, Stefan Bunz, Henrik H. H. Svensen, Jack Longman, Reed P. P. Scherer, Jens Karstens, Ben Manton, Mei Nelissen, Brandon Reed, Jan Inge Faleide, Ritske S. S. Huismans, Amar Agarwal, Graham D. M. Andrews, Peter Betlem, Joyeeta Bhattacharya, Sayantani Chatterjee, Marialena Christopoulou, Vincent J. J. Clementi, Eric C. C. Ferre, Irina Y. Y. Filina, Pengyuan Guo, Dustin T. T. Harper, Sarah Lambart, Geoffroy Mohn, Reina Nakaoka, Christian Tegner, Natalia Varela, Mengyuan Wang, Weimu Xu, Stacy L. L. Yager
Summary: Widespread shallow-water hydrothermal venting in the North Atlantic, probably a source of methane, coincided with the onset of the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. This venting occurred around 56 million years ago and was caused by carbon input into the ocean and atmosphere, leading to a global warming event. The vents erupted in shallow water, resulting in the direct release of volatile emissions without oxidation to CO2, and played a key role in the carbon-cycle perturbation.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Katharine Ricke, Jessica S. Wan, Marissa Saenger, Nicholas J. Lutsko
Summary: As carbon dioxide concentrations continue to increase and climate change becomes more severe, geoengineering has become an important topic of discussion. Solar geoengineering, which involves reflecting a portion of incoming sunlight, has the potential to quickly cool the planet, but its effects on regional climate patterns, particularly hydrological patterns, are uncertain. This review examines recent studies on the projected hydrologic outcomes of solar geoengineering, taking into account existing literature on hydrological responses to climate change. While most solar geoengineering approaches are expected to weaken the global hydrologic cycle, the specific regional effects will vary depending on the method and strategy of implementation. The findings highlight the importance of considering social conditions and objectives when interpreting the implications of geoengineering on human welfare. Suggestions are made for reducing uncertainties in decision-making in this emerging field of Earth science inquiry.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andre Mbabi Bitchong, Thierry Adatte, Simon Ngos, Gerta Keller, Ali Uygar Karabeyoglu, Jorge E. Spangenberg
Summary: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was identified in the Douala sub-basin in Cameroon using a multi-disciplinary approach. The analysis of various parameters such as biostratigraphy, isotopes, and trace elements confirmed the widespread acidification and environmental perturbations during the PETM.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Vera A. Korasidis, Scott L. Wing
Summary: Through studying the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming, USA, we found significant changes in plant composition during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The onset of PETM resulted in an increase in tropical plants, while the recovery period saw the return of wetland plants. These changes in plant distributions were climate-forced and occurred without major extinction events.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Feiyan Xiao, Xunming Wang, Congsheng Fu
Summary: A hydrological simulation study in the Xiaoxingkai Lake Basin, China, reveals that climate change has a greater impact on streamflow than land use/land cover changes. The volume of Lake Xiaoxingkai slightly increased during 1961-2017, with climate change contributing the most, followed by direct human activities and land use/land cover changes having a negative effect.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bailing Li, Matthew Rodella
Summary: Severe floods and droughts are increasing in frequency and severity around the world due to climate change. This study identified and quantified extreme wet and dry events using satellite data, and found that these events are closely linked to large-scale oceanic oscillations and global temperature. The results highlight the importance of understanding changes in hydrological extremes and the need for continuous monitoring.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Juan Li, Xiumian Hu, Eduardo Garzanti, Marcelle BouDagher-Fadel
Summary: This study presents new biostratigraphic, sedimentological, and carbon-isotopic data to constrain the precise stratigraphic position of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary and investigate environmental changes across the PETM. It is found that the temporary demise of the carbonate ramp during the PETM is attributed to increased siliciclastic supply driven by changes in regional hydrology.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shipeng Zhang, Philip Stier, Guy Dagan, Chen Zhou, Minghuai Wang
Summary: By conducting warming patch experiments on a climate model, it is found that the warming in tropical strongly ascending regions can explain a wide range of precipitation increase. By accounting for the pattern effect, the past global-mean precipitation can be well reconstructed, indicating the vital role of pattern effect in estimating future intensification of the hydrological cycle.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Victor A. Piedrahita, Simone Galeotti, Xiang Zhao, Andrew P. Roberts, Eelco J. Rohling, David Heslop, Fabio Florindo, Katharine M. Grant, Laura Rodriguez-Sanz, Daniele Reghellin, Richard E. Zeebe
Summary: This study documents orbital signatures in marine sediments from Contessa Road, Italy, showing orbitally controlled lysocline depth adjustments and orbital phasing of the PETM CIE onset close to both long and short eccentricity maxima. The findings suggest that climate processes associated with orbital forcing of both long and short eccentricity maxima played an important role in triggering the carbon cycle perturbations of all Paleocene-Eocene CIE events.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Peng Yang, Wenyu Wang, Jun Xia, Yaning Chen, Chesheng Zhan, Shengqing Zhang, Cai Wei, Xiangang Luo, Jiang Li
Summary: This study investigated the impact of climate change on water resources systems in arid regions using hydrometeorological data and a hydrological model. The findings indicate that climate change significantly affects runoff, evapotranspiration, and terrestrial water storage, highlighting the importance of further research for guiding sustainable development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catherine Davis, Jack O. Shaw, Simon D'haenens, Ellen Thomas, Pincelli M. Hull
Summary: Understanding the sensitivity of species-level responses to long-term warming is crucial for our future in a warmer climate. This study examines photosymbiont associations in planktic foraminifera at Shatsky Rise, comparing data from different periods of global warming. The results suggest that photosymbiont associations remained stable during less intense warming events, in contrast to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum records.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas M. Gernon, Ryan Barr, J. Godfrey Fitton, Thea K. Hincks, Derek Keir, Jack Longman, Andrew S. Merdith, Ross N. Mitchell, Martin R. Palmer
Summary: Plume magmatism and continental breakup led to the opening of the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the globally warm early Cenozoic. This warmth culminated in a transient hyperthermal event called the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) 56 million years ago. Research suggests that volcanic activity played a significant role in triggering this event by releasing large amounts of carbon into the ocean and atmosphere.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Simin Jin, David B. Kemp, David W. Jolley, Manuel Vieira, James C. Zachos, Chunju Huang, Mingsong Li, Wenhan Chen
Summary: This study uncovers the impacts of extreme climate warming on sedimentary systems, revealing large-scale changes in sediment supply during the PETM and the importance of astronomical climate forcing in mediating these factors over long timescales.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
T. A. O'Brien, M. F. Wehner, A. E. Payne, C. A. Shields, J. J. Rutz, L-R Leung, F. M. Ralph, A. Collow, I Gorodetskaya, B. Guan, J. M. Lora, E. McClenny, K. M. Nardi, A. M. Ramos, R. Tome, C. Sarangi, E. J. Shearer, P. A. Ullrich, C. Zarzycki, B. Loring, H. Huang, H. A. Inda-Diaz, A. M. Rhoades, Y. Zhou
Summary: The ARTMIP project assesses the impact of uncertainties from AR detectors on our understanding of atmospheric rivers. The study compares AR statistics from CMIP5/6 simulations with reanalysis data and finds good agreement. Future simulations project an increase in AR frequency, counts, and sizes, especially along the western coastlines of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The choice of AR detector is the main contributor to the uncertainty in projected AR frequency.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
A. B. Marquardt Collow, C. A. Shields, B. Guan, S. Kim, J. M. Lora, E. E. McClenny, K. Nardi, A. Payne, K. Reid, E. J. Shearer, R. Tome, J. D. Wille, A. M. Ramos, I. Gorodetskaya, L. R. Leung, T. A. O'Brien, F. M. Ralph, J. Rutz, P. A. Ullrich, M. Wehner
Summary: Atmospheric rivers play a crucial role in the hydrologic cycle by transporting water vapor poleward and causing precipitation, but their detection in large datasets still contains a lot of uncertainty. By comparing different algorithms and datasets, they found that the results of detection tools vary in different seasons and datasets.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Vera A. Korasidis, Scott L. Wing, Christine A. Shields, Jeffrey T. Kiehl
Summary: A compilation of terrestrial pollen and spores records across the Paleocene-Eocene transition at 38 sites globally revealed significant differences in PETM palynofloras compared to those in the late Paleocene or early Eocene post-PETM. Inferred paleoclimatic conditions indicated varying diversity of NLRs at different latitudes during the Paleocene and PETM periods.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Christine A. Shields, Jadwiga H. Richter, Angeline Pendergrass, Simone Tilmes
Summary: This study analyzes the impact of stratospheric aerosol injections on atmospheric rivers in western North America using simulations. The results show that without climate intervention, the atmospheric rivers will increase in southern California and decrease in the Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia by the end of the century. Moreover, the character of precipitation in the atmospheric rivers changes under climate engineering.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christine A. Shields, Jonathan D. Wille, Allison B. Marquardt Collow, Michelle Maclennan, Irina Gorodetskaya
Summary: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) in Antarctica are influenced by synoptic environments and have varying impacts along coastlines and the continent. Detecting and defining ARs in Antarctica is challenging, but specific tools are effective in capturing ARs over inland ice sheets. Although different detection tools may yield inconsistent results, the large-scale synoptic environments and associated ARs show broad consistency. The western hemisphere of Antarctica is more connected to decadal and interannual modes of variability compared to the eastern hemisphere, and the influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole on Antarctic ARs is stronger when in phase with El Nino Southern Oscillation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michelle L. Maclennan, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Christine Shields, Jonathan D. Wille
Summary: Atmospheric rivers are efficient mechanisms that transport atmospheric moisture from low latitudes to the Antarctic Ice Sheet. They contribute substantially to Antarctic precipitation, particularly in East Antarctica. They play an important role in the year-to-year variability of Antarctic precipitation and are crucial for understanding present and future trends in Antarctic mass balance.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mingsong Li, Timothy J. Bralower, Lee R. Kump, Jean M. Self-Trail, James C. Zachos, William D. Rush, Marci M. Robinson
Summary: This study presents an astrochronology for the PETM carbon isotope excursion and suggests that astronomical forcing played a role in triggering the PETM event. The analysis of data from a paleoshelf environment indicates that the PETM onset lasted about 6 kyr and occurred during an extreme in precession. The study also supports the concept of carbonate saturation overshoot following global ocean acidification during the PETM.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Monika Doubrawa, Peter Stassen, Marci M. Robinson, Tali L. Babila, James C. Zachos, Robert P. Speijer
Summary: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is a significant global warming event related to atmospheric CO2 increases during the early Paleogene. It is characterized by negative delta O-18 and delta C-13 excursions recorded in sedimentary archives and a disruption of the marine biosphere. This study focuses on the South Dover Bridge core in Maryland, which provides insights into the environmental changes and the transition from a well-oxygenated water column to a PETM-ecosystem under severe biotic stress-conditions.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Joji Uchikawa, Donald E. Penman, Dustin T. Harper, Jesse R. Farmer, James C. Zachos, Noah J. Planavsky, Richard E. Zeebe
Summary: We conducted inorganic experiments to investigate the effects of various oxyanions on the concentration and isotopic composition of boron in calcite. Sulfate and phosphate were found to have significant impacts on the incorporation of boron and isotopic fractionation during calcite precipitation. The observed kinetic trends of boron in the presence of sulfate and phosphate differ from previous studies, suggesting structural deformations of the calcite lattice due to the substitution of CO3. These findings have important implications for paleo-reconstructions of ocean chemistry.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yang Zhou, Travis A. O'Brien, William D. Collins, Christine A. Shields, Burlen Loring, Abdelrahman A. Elbashandy
Summary: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are important for the global hydrological cycle and often associated with extreme weather events. This study categorizes winter North Pacific ARs into windy and wet ARs and compares their differences in lifecycle characteristics, overall frequency, landfall impacts, and variability.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David De Vleeschouwer, Donald E. E. Penman, Simon D'haenens, Fei Wu, Thomas Westerhold, Maximilian Vahlenkamp, Carlotta Cappelli, Claudia Agnini, Wendy E. C. Kordesch, Daniel J. J. King, Robin van der Ploeg, Heiko Palike, Sandra Kirtland Turner, Paul Wilson, Richard D. Norris, James C. C. Zachos, Steven M. M. Bohaty, Pincelli M. M. Hull
Summary: Cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology are important techniques in geologic timekeeping. The accuracy of astronomical calculations is crucial, but there are limitations due to solar system chaos. High-resolution paleoclimate records now allow for a reversal of the traditional approach, and the sediment records from Newfoundland Ridge are well-suited for this purpose.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christine A. Shields, Ashley E. Payne, Eric Jay Shearer, Michael F. Wehner, Travis Allen O'Brien, Jonathan J. Rutz, L. Ruby Leung, F. Martin Ralph, Allison B. Marquardt Collow, Paul A. Ullrich, Qizhen Dong, Alexander Gershunov, Helen Griffith, Bin Guan, Juan Manuel Lora, Mengqian Lu, Elizabeth McClenny, Kyle M. Nardi, Mengxin Pan, Yun Qian, Alexandre M. Ramos, Tamara Shulgina, Maximiliano Viale, Chandan Sarangi, Ricardo Tome, Colin Zarzycki
Summary: Atmospheric rivers are important for Earth's hydrological cycle, delivering precipitation to local climates. The response of atmospheric rivers to climate change depends on how they are defined. Comparing 16 detection tools, it is found that atmospheric rivers generally increase in frequency and intensity, but the scale of the response varies depending on algorithmic criteria. The precipitation response to climate change is diverse and dependent on the chosen detection tools.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rebecca Baiman, Andrew C. Winters, Jan Lenaerts, Christine A. Shields
Summary: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) can impact the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) by transporting anomalous moisture from lower latitudes, which leads to extreme precipitation and increased radiation. They contribute significantly to the interannual variability of precipitation over the AIS, making them important for understanding future changes in the surface mass balance.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Alice K. DuVivier, Stephen J. Vavrus, Marika M. Holland, Laura Landrum, Christine A. Shields, Rudradutt Thaker
Summary: This study investigates the driving factors of wind trends in the Arctic, finding that changes in surface roughness and near-surface atmospheric stability are important contributors. Decreasing surface roughness leads to higher wind speeds and slower ice speeds. However, wind trends do not significantly impact Arctic sea ice loss.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
