Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 376, Issue 2130, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0072
Keywords
Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum; ocean acidification; boron isotope; boron/calcium; planktonic foraminifera
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Funding
- NSF [OISE-1107787, OCE 12-20554, OCE-1415958]
- Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship
- Joanna Resig Foraminiferal Research Fellowship
- Flint Postdoctoral Fellowship
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Geologically abrupt carbon perturbations such as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56Ma) are the closest geological points of comparison to current anthropogenic carbon emissions. Associated with the rapid carbon release during this event are profound environmental changes in the oceans including warming, deoxygenation and acidification. To evaluate the global extent of surface ocean acidification during the PETM, we present a compilation of new and published surface ocean carbonate chemistry and pH reconstructions from various palaeoceanographic settings. We use boron to calcium ratios (B/Ca) and boron isotopes (delta B-11) in surface- and thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct ocean carbonate chemistry and pH. Our records exhibit a B/Ca reduction of 30-40% and a delta B-11 decline of 1.0-1.2% coeval with the carbon isotope excursion. The tight coupling between boron proxies and carbon isotope records is consistent with the interpretation that oceanic absorption of the carbon released at the onset of the PETM resulted in widespread surface ocean acidification. The remarkable similarity among records from different ocean regions suggests that the degree of ocean carbonate change was globally near uniform. We attribute the global extent of surface ocean acidification to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the main phase of the PETM. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past'.
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