Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yao Lun Liu, Chun Hsien Liu, Chun Hao Tsai, Ce Fang Shih, Jau Yang Wu, Chia Ming Tsai, Sheng Di Lin
Summary: By combining the outputs of multiple SPAD pixels, the sensitivity of SiPM can be enhanced to the level of single photon detection, achieving high detection dynamic range and extending the lowest detectable radiometric temperature to 225 C-degrees while maintaining the capability of detecting the highest temperature at 1050 C-degrees with a NETD value below 1 C-degrees. The study supports that the SPAD image array is a superior radiometric sensor compared to CMOS sensors and CCD cameras through optical system modifications and calculation correction methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wen Wu, Xiao Shan, Yaoqiang Long, Jing Ma, Kun Huang, Ming Yan, Yan Liang, Heping Zeng
Summary: In this paper, a 1-GHz gated InGaAs/InP SPAD with sinusoidal gating signals asynchronous to the incident pulsed laser is demonstrated for free-running single-photon detection. The SPAD achieves a count rate of up to 500 Mcount/s by quenching the photon-induced avalanche signals within 1 ns. However, the timing jitter is measured to be around 168 ps, larger than that of the SPAD with synchronous gates. The cause of the jitter deterioration is investigated by adjusting the delay between the gating signals and the incident pulsed laser.
Article
Optics
Petr Bruza, Arthur Petusseau, Arin Ulku, Jason Gunn, Samuel Streeter, Kimberley Samkoe, Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Brian Pogue
Summary: This technology can accurately localize and quantify the concentration of fluorescent molecules in heavily scattering media such as tissues, with high-depth accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yi-Shan Lee, Yan-Min Liao, Ping-Li Wu, Chi-En Chen, Yu-Jie Teng, Yu-Ying Hung, Jin-Wei Shi
Summary: We have developed a novel In 0.53 Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48 As single photon avalanche diode with high single photon detection efficiency and clear temporal characteristics. By incorporating a dual multiplication layer and optimizing the device structure, we have successfully improved the tradeoff between dark count rate, afterpulsing, and timing jitter. By optimizing the parameters in gated mode, we further enhanced the detection performance.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shiqi Xu, Xi Yang, Wenhui Liu, Joakim Jonsson, Ruobing Qian, Pavan Chandra Konda, Kevin C. Zhou, Lucas Kreiss, Haoqian Wang, Qionghai Dai, Edouard Berrocal, Roarke Horstmeyer
Summary: This study demonstrates the reconstruction of deep-tissue decorrelation dynamics video using single-photon avalanche diode array camera and deep neural network. The results show that the method can reconstruct images of transient dynamic events occurring up to 8 mm beneath a decorrelating tissue phantom with millimeter-scale resolution, and can flexibly extend to monitor flow speed within buried phantom vessels.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wei Jiang, M. Jamal Deen
Summary: This article investigates the phenomenon of random telegraph signal (RTS) noise during the transitional phase of the avalanche process, exploring its properties and dependencies on biasing voltage and temperature. An analytical model is used to extract the dimensions of defects in the depletion region, revealing that SPADs with larger defect dimensions exhibit higher DCR and AP levels when compared to those with smaller defect dimensions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kee Suk Hong, Hee-Jin Lim, Dong Hoon Lee, In-Ho Bae, Kwang-Yong Jeong, Christoph Becher, Sejeong Kim, Igor Aharonovich
Summary: Single-photon sources based on single emitters are highly interesting for various applications and have been realized using different materials. Common factors related to relaxation times of internal states indirectly affect the photon number stability. GaN emitters demonstrate higher stability due to faster relaxation times compared to hBN emitters, but hBN emitters have higher photon generation rates. Repeatable radiant flux measurements of a bright hBN single-photon emitter for a wide range of fluxes have been demonstrated.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jamal Ahmed, Shiyu Xie, Baolai Liang, Xin Yi, Xiao Jin, Manoj Kesaria, John P. R. David, Diana L. Huffaker
Summary: The study found that SPADs based on AlAsSb have a sharper breakdown probability than other common materials under similar low overbias ratio, particularly for electron-initiated Geiger mode operation, where the breakdown probability increases more sharply with multiplication region width.
IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
V. N. Chizhevsky, V. A. Kulchitsky, S. Ya. Kilin
Summary: This study presents an experimental realization of an artificial spiking neuron based on an optoelectronic pair microcavity laser-single photon avalanche diode. It demonstrates that the artificial neuron exhibits basic properties similar to biological neurons, such as a threshold, refractory period, and sensitivity to stimulus strength. Additionally, numerical simulations in the framework of the FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron model are compared to the experimental results.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jian Yang, Yang Wang, Wei Zhou, Xianliang Jin, Yan Peng, Jun Luo
Summary: This paper presents a Simple Monte Carlo (SMC) model based on MATLAB for analyzing and simulating the avalanche multiplication effect of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and verifies the accuracy of the model. The model can provide guidance for the design and performance optimization of SPAD devices.
Review
Physics, Applied
Zeng Liu, Weihua Tang
Summary: This article discusses the recent progress of Ga2O3-based Schottky photodiodes and provides suggestions for Schottky metal selection, interfacial barrier modulation, space electric field adjustment, energy band engineering, and improvement of photodetection performance, aiming to promote the further development of deep-ultraviolet photodetection in the near future.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hiwa Mahmoudi, Horst Zimmermann
Summary: This review focuses on hardware aspects of optical wireless communication, emphasizing the importance of BER performance analysis and modeling under non-perpendicular light incidence. Fully integrated [Bi]CMOS receivers with APDs and SPADs are capable of achieving impressive data rates and free-space transmission distances. The influence of light incidence angle on BER is examined through electromagnetic and device simulations.
Article
Optics
Yang Wang, Xiangliang Jin, Shengguo Cao, Yan Peng, Jun Luo
Summary: This paper proposes a gate-controlled single photon avalanche diode (GC-SPAD) for fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensors. Compared with traditional SPAD (T-SPAD), GC-SPAD has higher photon-detection probability and a lower dark count rate. The PDP of GC-SPAD reaches 29.55% in the wavelength range of 440 nm to 720 nm, with a response peak at 500 nm of 42%.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chenxi Qiu, Peng Wang, Xiangshun Kong, Feng Yan, Cheng Mao, Tao Yue, Xuemei Hu
Summary: This paper proposes a snapshot compressive sensing single-photon avalanche diode (CS-SPAD) sensor that enables on-chip compressive imaging. It also introduces a convolution neural-network-based algorithm, CSSPAD-Net, for processing the compressively sensed data, achieving high-fidelity scene reconstruction and classification. The proposed method is demonstrated using a fabricated CS-SPAD sensor chip, a prototype imaging system, and both qualitative and quantitative results on the MINIST dataset and real handwritten digital images.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hui-Chen Tsai, Chun-Hsien Liu, Sheng-Di Lin, Chia-Ming Tsai, Jau-Yang Wu
Summary: In this study, a wide radiation temperature measurement is demonstrated using a single-photon avalanche diode image array. The detection temperature window ranges from 280 degrees C to 1050 degrees C with a noise equivalent temperature difference below 1 degrees C. The thermal image obtained has a high detection rate and a spatial resolution of 80 μm.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)