Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Candee T. Barris, Jessica L. Faulkner, Eric J. Belin de Chantemele
Summary: Several clinical and large population studies have found that women are more salt-sensitive than men, and this sex difference is influenced by female sex chromosomes and hormones. Women of all ethnicities, both premenopausal and postmenopausal, are more salt-sensitive. Menopause exacerbates the severity and prevalence of salt-sensitive blood pressure (SSBP), indicating the role of sex hormones. Activation of aldosterone-ECMR axis and ENaC in females contribute to vascular dysfunction and SSBP. The increased prevalence and susceptibility of SSBP in women are influenced by sex hormones and sex chromosome complement.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Theodore W. Kurtz, R. Curtis Morris Jr, Michal Pravenec, Heidi L. Lujan, Stephen E. DiCarlo
Summary: Previous studies suggest that hyperaldosteronism initiates hypertension by increasing sodium retention and blood volume. However, this study found that aldosterone can also promote salt sensitivity and initiation of salt-dependent hypertension by increasing peripheral vascular resistance and decreasing cardiac output.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Andrea Haas, Li En Yee, Yan E. Yuan, Yin H. Wong, Paul N. Hopkins, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Jessica Lasky-Su, Jonathan S. Williams, Gail K. Adler, Gordon H. Williams
Summary: The study revealed that genetic combinations of beta 2AR/SGK1 and ESR2/SGK1 are associated with greater salt sensitivity of blood pressure and plasma aldosterone concentrations. Individuals carrying risk allele pairs in these combinations were found to have higher salt sensitivity of blood pressure and higher plasma aldosterone levels. Conversely, there was no association between risk allele pairs and salt sensitivity of blood pressure or aldosterone levels in the AGT/SGK combination.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Susan M. Wall
Summary: Intercalated cells play a crucial role in acid-base balance by secreting H+ or HCO3- and mediating Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion through pendrin-mediated anion exchange. They also indirectly regulate blood pressure through pendrin-mediated Cl- absorption and their effect on the epithelial Na+ channel.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Akiko Hiramatsu, Yuichiro Izumi, Koji Eguchi, Naomi Matsuo, Qinyuan Deng, Hideki Inoue, Yushi Nakayama, Hiroshi Nonoguchi, Jose Aramburu, Cristina Lopez-Rodriguez, Yutaka Kakizoe, Masataka Adachi, Takashige Kuwabara, Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama, Masashi Mukoyama
Summary: The study showed that renal tubular NFAT5 plays an important role in regulating sodium reabsorption through the epithelial sodium channel under high-salt conditions, thereby preventing salt-dependent hypertension.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan A. Frieler, Thomas M. Vigil, Jianrui Song, Christy Leung, Carey N. Lumeng, Richard M. Mortensen
Summary: This study showed that a high-fat/high-salt diet can reduce weight gain but does not prevent the metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and impaired glucose control.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
William E. Ackerman, Catalin S. Buhimschi, Thomas L. Brown, Guomao Zhao, Taryn L. Summerfield, Irina A. Buhimschi
Summary: By applying transcriptomics with weighted gene correlation network analysis, this study provides evidence for a molecular subphenotype consistent with a glycolytic metabolic shift in placental specimens of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) with or without fetal growth restriction (FGR). The identified gene group is enriched for hypoxia-response and metabolic pathways, and the expression ratios of specific genes could be used as surrogate indices for identifying this subgroup.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ban Hock Khor, Dragana Komnenov, Noreen F. Rossi
Summary: This review evaluates the dietary habits of individuals from China, Japan, and Korea in relation to fructose consumption, especially its potential association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The review also highlights the relationship between fructose and a high-salt diet on hypertension and cardiovascular health, emphasizing the need for future research considering the similarities and differences in dietary habits among different populations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiangyu Zheng, Jennifer Berg Sen, Zhuoxin Li, Mostafa Sabouri, Luaye Samarah, Christina S. Deacon, Joseph Bernardo, Daniel R. Machin
Summary: Excessive salt consumption leads to hypertension and arterial dysfunction in humans, but this phenotype is not observed in genetically identical mouse strains. In this study, researchers investigated the effects of a high-salt diet on blood pressure and arterial function in genetically diverse UM-HET3 mice. Results showed that high-salt diet increased systolic blood pressure and aortic stiffness, while impairing endothelium-dependent dilation. These findings suggest that genetically diverse mice may offer insights into arterial adaptations in humans.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Julie R. Ingelfinger
Summary: Opinions about the effects of sodium intake on blood pressure and stroke risk have been varied over the years, but data shows that high sodium intake is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and death. Reducing sodium intake while increasing potassium intake can lower blood pressure levels and decrease morbidity.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wasita W. Parksook, Mahyar Heydarpour, Shadi K. Gholami, James M. Luther, Paul N. Hopkins, Luminita H. Pojoga, Jonathan S. Williams
Summary: There is a sex-by-age interaction with salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) and aldosterone regulation in individuals of African descent carrying the LSD1 risk allele. Female LSD1 risk allele carriers of African descent, particularly those with low estrogen levels (postmenopausal), have higher SSBP. A genotype-sex interaction was observed in the aldosterone response to angiotensin II stimulation in individuals aged 50 years or younger, with female carriers displaying decreased aldosterone responsiveness.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Man Mohan Shrestha, Sanne Wermelin, Elisabet Stener-Victorin, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm, Anna Benrick
Summary: Adiponectin deficiency affects fetal growth and placental function, particularly in obese individuals. Low levels of adiponectin lead to placental dysfunction and increased fetal triglyceride load, which could have long-term effects on the offspring's metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniela Alvarez, Macarena Ortiz, Gabriel Valdebenito, Nicolas Crisosto, Barbara Echiburu, Rodrigo Valenzuela, Alejandra Espinosa, Manuel Maliqueo
Summary: A high-fat diet during pregnancy reduces DHA levels and PPAR-alpha protein expression in the fetal liver, with female fetuses being more sensitive to the effects of DHA.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Bailong Hu, Wei Li, Haiyan Zhou
Summary: This article discusses the association between salt intake and blood pressure, and provides a detailed explanation of the mechanisms by which salt raises blood pressure. In addition to the known factors, genetic variations may also play a pivotal role in the association between blood pressure and sodium intake.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Francesca Gaccioli, Ulla Sovio, Sungsam Gong, Emma Cook, D. Stephen Charnock-Jones, Gordon C. S. Smith
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between protein levels of sFLT1 and PlGF in maternal serum and placental tissue lysates. The findings showed that the sFLT1:PlGF ratio is increased in both preeclampsia and FGR, but in preeclampsia, it is primarily driven by increased placental sFLT1 levels, while in FGR, it is primarily driven by decreased placental PlGF levels.
Article
Physiology
Seraina O. Moser, Betuel Haykir, Catharina J. Kueng, Carla Bettoni, Nati Hernando, Carsten A. Wagner
Summary: The concentration of inorganic phosphate in plasma is controlled by hormones, and saliva glands have the ability to concentrate phosphate. The parotid glands preferentially use Slc20 for phosphate transport and are potential targets for regulation by PTH and vitamin D-3.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Carsten A. Wagner
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nilufar Mohebbi, Alexander Ritter, Anna Wiegand, Nicole Graf, Suzan Dahdal, Daniel Sidler, Spyridon Arampatzis, Karine Hadaya, Thomas F. Mueller, Carsten A. Wagner, Rudolf P. Wuethrich
Summary: This study examined the effects of sodium bicarbonate treatment on graft function in kidney transplant recipients. The results showed that treatment with sodium bicarbonate for two years did not affect the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Therefore, sodium bicarbonate treatment is not generally recommended for preserving GFR in kidney transplant recipients with chronic kidney disease and metabolic acidosis.
Editorial Material
Transplantation
Michele Farisco, Irene Zecchino, Giovambattista Capasso, CONNECT Consortium
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guizhen Liu, Esther Riemer, Robin Schneider, Daniela Cabuzu, Olivier Bonny, Carsten A. A. Wagner, Danye Qiu, Adolfo Saiardi, Annett Strauss, Thomas Lahaye, Gabriel Schaaf, Thomas Knoll, Jan P. P. Jessen, Henning J. J. Jessen
Summary: The analysis of Inositol phosphates (InsPs), which are present in all eukaryotes, is challenging due to the presence of numerous different phosphate ester isomers. Researchers used capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) to analyze InsP(2) and InsP(3) and discovered new InsP(3) isomers. For the first time, specific and abundant InsP(3) isomers, namely Ins(1,2,3)P-3, Ins(1,2,6)P-3, and/or Ins(2,3,4)P-3, were found in urine and kidney stones in human samples.
RSC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pedro Henrique Imenez Silva, Donald E. Wesson, Carsten A. Wagner
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease characterized by progressive decline in kidney function. Treatments that aim to stabilize or slow its progression can delay the need for kidney replacement therapy and reduce the mortality rate associated with reduced kidney function. Metabolic acidosis and less severe stages of the acid stress continuum are common in CKD, and studies have shown that correcting these conditions can slow the progression to end-stage kidney disease. This correction can be achieved through dietary changes, such as consuming fewer acid-producing foods or more base-producing foods, or through the use of mineral alkali or pharmacological approaches.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marion Pepin, Aleksandra Klimkowicz-Mrowiec, Olivier Godefroy, Pilar Delgado, Sol Carriazo, Ana Carina Ferreira, Aleksandra Golenia, Jolanta Malyszko, Tomasz Grodzicki, Konstantinos Giannakou, Giuseppe Paolisso, Michelangela Barbieri, Liliana Garneata, Carmen Antonia Mocanu, Sophie Liabeuf, Goce Spasovski, Carmine Zoccali, Annette Bruchfeld, Ana Farinha, Mustafa Arici, Giovambattista Capasso, Andrzej A. Wiecek, Ziad Massy
Summary: Cognitive impairment is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This article reviews interventions for the complications of CKD and prevention of vascular events, which may potentially also be protective against cognitive impairment. Nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods to prevent cognitive impairment and/or minimize its impact on CKD patients' daily lives are discussed. It is necessary to conduct studies assessing the effect of interventions on the cognitive function of patients with CKD.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Carsten A. Wagner, Robert Unwin, Sergio C. Lopez-Garcia, Robert Kleta, Detlef Bockenhauer, Stephen Walsh
Summary: This review discusses the underlying genetic and acquired causes of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), a condition characterized by the failure to acidify urine below pH 5.5. Inherited forms of dRTA are caused by variants in specific genes such as SLC4A1 and ATP6V1B1, while acquired forms can result from autoimmune diseases or adverse drug effects. Incomplete dRTA, which is frequently found in patients with or without kidney stone disease, may represent an intermediate state in the ability to excrete acids. Untreated or unrecognized dRTA can lead to various complications such as rickets, osteomalacia, nephrolithiasis, and electrolyte disorders, and increase the risk of chronic kidney disease development.
NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
H. Vitzthum, M. Koch, L. Eckermann, S. L. Svendsen, P. Berg, C. A. Huebner, C. A. Wagner, J. Leipziger, C. Meyer-Schwesinger, H. Ehmke
Summary: Maintaining acid-base balance is important for the kidneys, and the solute transporter AE4 in beta-intercalated cells is found to play a role in renal acid-base sensing mechanism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Daniela Egli-Spichtig, Ahmad Kamal Hamid, Eva Maria Pastor Arroyo, Markus Ketteler, Andrzej Wiecek, Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Andreas Pasch, Horst Lorenz, Burkhard Hellmann, Michael Karus, Richard Ammer, Isabel Rubio-Aliaga, Carsten A. Wagner
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of combined treatment with nicotinamide modified release (NAMR) and phosphate binders (PB) on serum phosphate, FGF23, inflammation, and iron metabolism in ESKF patients. The results showed that iFGF23 was a better predictor of serum phosphate changes induced by NAMR and PB treatment. Furthermore, serum phosphate and iPTH were the best predictors of FGF23. These findings suggest that lowering serum phosphate in ESKF patients may highly depend on iFGF23.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nima Yassini, Janine Sprenger, Eva Maria Pastor Arroyo, Christiane Krudewig, Giovanni Pellegrini, Nicole Joller, Carsten A. Wagner, Pedro Henrique Imenez Silva
Summary: Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) and G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) play important roles in renal acid-base physiology, tissue inflammation, and fibrosis. In this study, the researchers found that OGR1 deficiency led to increased crystal deposition and impaired kidney function in mice with crystalline nephropathy. On the other hand, GPR4 deficiency did not have a significant impact on disease progression. These findings suggest that OGR1 may be important in limiting kidney crystal deposition and could be relevant to the pathophysiology of kidney stones.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rocio Fuente, Eva-Maria Pastor-Arroyo, Nicole Gehring, Patricia Oro Carbajosa, Laura Alonso-Duran, Ivan Zderic, James Tapia-Dean, Ahmad Kamal Hamid, Carla Bettoni, Fernando Santos, Carsten A. Wagner, Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
Summary: This study examines the role of FGF23 signaling in growth plate metabolism and finds that a short C-terminal FGF23 fragment and modified peptides can improve growth and bone issues in XLH patients, enhancing growth rate and growth plate structure.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Sophie Liabeuf, Vesna Pesic, Goce Spasovski, Romaldas Maciulaitis, Mickael Bobot, Ana Farinha, Carsten A. Wagner, Robert J. Unwin, Giovambattista Capasso, Inga Arune Bumblyte, Gaye Hafez
Summary: People with CKD often suffer from mild cognitive impairment and other neurocognitive disorders. Adverse drug reactions may contribute to cognitive impairment in CKD, especially due to polypharmacy and the impact of reduced kidney function and dialysis. Understanding and managing these risks is important for improving patient outcomes.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Thomas Verissimo, Delal Dalga, Gregoire Arnoux, Imene Sakhi, Anna Faivre, Hannah Auwerx, Soline Bourgeois, Deborah Paolucci, Quentin Gex, Joseph M. Rutkowski, David Legouis, Carsten A. Wagner, Andrew M. Hall, Sophie de Seigneux
Summary: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) plays an important role in maintaining normal tubular physiology, lactate, and glucose homeostasis in the kidney. It regulates acid-base balance and ammoniagenesis. Downregulation of PCK1 during renal injury impairs renal function, making it a potential therapeutic target in renal disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Soline Bourgeois, Jana Kovacikova, Milica Bugarski, Carla Bettoni, Nicole Gehring, Andrew Hall, Carsten A. Wagner
Summary: This study reveals the critical role of H+-ATPases in the function of non-type A intercalated cells (ICs) in protecting against alkalosis. It also highlights the previously unrecognized need for the basolateral B1 isoform for proper assembly and stimulation of H+-ATPase complexes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)