Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jan Kocon, Igor Cichecki, Oliwier Kaszyca, Mateusz Kochanek, Dominika Szydlo, Joanna Baran, Julita Bielaniewicz, Marcin Gruza, Arkadiusz Janz, Kamil Kanclerz, Anna Kocon, Bartlomiej Koptyra, Wiktoria Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Piotr Milkowski, Marcin Oleksy, Maciej Piasecki, Lukasz Radlinski, Konrad Wojtasik, Stanislaw Wozniak, Przemyslaw Kazienko
Summary: OpenAI has released ChatGPT, revolutionizing the approach in AI human-model interaction. The chatbot shows the ability to provide detailed and precise answers across various areas. The study examines its capabilities on 25 diverse NLP tasks, analyzing both subjective tasks like sentiment analysis and objective reasoning tasks like question answering. Results show a loss in quality for ChatGPT compared to SOTA solutions, especially in pragmatic NLP problems. Personalization of ChatGPT responses and evaluation of GPT-4 model are also conducted. The findings raise important questions about the usefulness and validation procedures of predictive NLP models.
INFORMATION FUSION
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Sarah Langendries, Sofie Goormachtig
Summary: Paenibacillus polymyxa is a versatile bacterium with potential applications in promoting plant growth, providing biocontrol, and protecting against abiotic stresses. Its association with plants and diverse interactions make it an interesting research topic for studying host-microbe communications and the influence of the environment on these interactions.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Natasha Lopes Fischer, Sunny Shin, Igor E. Brodsky
Summary: Itaconate and iNOS work together to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity, reducing cytokine secretion and cell death.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ajinkya Bharatraj Patil, Sai Samhitha Vajja, S. Raghavendra, B. N. Satish, C. G. Kushalappa, Nagarjun Vijay
Summary: This study sequenced and assembled the whole genome of Artocarpus hirsutus and compared it with previously published genomes of Jackfruit and Breadfruit. The research revealed that the demographic history of these plants is influenced more by habitat than phylogeny. LTR Copia repetitive genomic regions had a strong impact on the population trajectory of A. heterophyllus, with a recent lineage-specific accumulation contributing to its larger genome size. Several genes involved in starch, sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways showed signs of selection and gene family evolution in Artocarpus species.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Mark Maraun, Paul S. P. Bischof, Finn L. Klemp, Jule Pollack, Linnea Raab, Jan Schmerbach, Ina Schaefer, Stefan Scheu, Tancredi Caruso
Summary: Sexual reproduction is more costly than asexual reproduction, but why asexual reproduction is more common in some animal lineages remains a mystery. By studying oribatid mites, it was found that asexual species possess a widely adapted general-purpose genotype, supporting the general-purpose genotype hypothesis.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel A. Bachovchin
Summary: Recent studies have provided evidence that the human NLRP1 inflammasome can be activated by two chemically and mechanistically distinct signals, challenging the previous notion that it evolved to detect and respond to a single danger-associated molecular pattern like other mammalian inflammasomes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julie Segueni, Daan Noordermeer
Summary: The dysregulation of transcriptional programs accompanies the emergence and progression of cancers. The three-dimensional organization of the human genome plays an important role in gene transcription and regulation, and the CTCF protein is involved in this process and exerts its function in cancer cells possibly through enhancer hijacking, thus activating oncogenes.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Brennan Garland, Samuel Delisle, Khalid N. Al-Zahrani, Benjamin R. Pryce, Luc A. Sabourin
Summary: SLK, as a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, plays important roles in various biological processes and has been widely studied in disease progression and cancer. It acts in multiple ways in different animal models, regulating the coupling of cytoskeletal dynamics to cell growth, muscle repair, and negative-feedback loops critical for cancer progression.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Inge de Krijger, Vera Boersma, Jacqueline J. L. Jacobs
Summary: REV7, also known as MAD2L2, is a versatile protein that interacts with various proteins to form different complexes, impacting a wide range of cellular processes. It plays important roles in translesion synthesis and mitotic progression, as well as being a central component in the shieldin complex involved in DNA double strand break repair.
TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
J. Anakha, Priyanka S. Kawathe, Sayantap Datta, Snehal Sainath Jawalekar, Uttam Chand Banerjee, Abhay H. Pande
Summary: Arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in various metabolic and signalling pathways. Increasing arginine metabolism under stress or pathological conditions can be beneficial. Administering arginine-hydrolysing enzyme has been shown to alleviate diverse pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and microbial infection.
Article
Business
Richard J. Arend
Summary: In this conceptual paper, the Jack-of-all-trades model of entrepreneurial activity is corrected to include risk, which affects the predictions in various ways, leading to increased entrepreneurial activity in high volatility economic contexts. A new set of predictions based on contextual volatility is identified, with implications for generalist skills investments, hiring specialists, and the effects of weakest link employees. For potential entrepreneurs, understanding the value of options thinking in personal skills investments and the implications of tightly held generalist skills on scale is recommended.
STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Organic
Wanfang Li, Yan Zheng, Erdong Qu, Jin Bai, Qinyue Deng
Summary: Beta-keto amides are versatile compounds with multiple reaction sites, making them useful in various organic chemistry applications. Innovative preparation methods and synthetic applications have been developed in the past decade. With the use of transition-metal catalysis and organocatalysis, beta-keto amides have become a versatile building block for stereoselective or tandemized multicomponent reactions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jessica R. Lane, Muralidhar Tata, David E. Briles, Carlos J. Orihuela
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the upper airway. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a key component that helps the bacteria evade the immune system and enhance virulence. Understanding the molecular aspects of PspA is crucial in understanding pneumococcal pathogenesis and utilizing it as a target for treating or preventing pneumococcal pneumonia.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neoklis Makrides, Qian Wang, Chenqi Tao, Samuel Schwartz, Xin Zhang
Summary: In this review, the authors use three ocular tissues as models to demonstrate the remarkable diversity of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. These examples not only shed light on the cellular basis for ocular development, but also serve as paradigms for the diversity of FGF signaling.
Article
Ecology
Chanchanok Sudta, Danielle M. Salcido, Matthew L. Forister, Thomas R. Walla, Santiago Villamarin-Cortez, Lee A. Dyer
Summary: More specialized caterpillars are locally more abundant, while generalist species have broader distribution across different locations. This study reveals the relationship between species specialization, abundance, and distribution in an ecological system.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Liz Milla, Adnan Moussalli, Stephen A. Wilcox, Erik J. van Nieukerken, David A. Young, Mike Halsey, Thomas McConville, Theresa M. Jones, Axel Kallies, Douglas J. Hilton
SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tom Sidwell, Yang Liao, Alexandra L. Garnham, Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar, Renee Gloury, Jonas Blume, Peggy P. Teh, David Chisanga, Christoph Thelemann, Fabian de Labastida Rivera, Christian R. Engwerda, Lynn Corcoran, Kohei Kometani, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Gordon K. Smyth, Wei Shi, Axel Kallies
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Giorgia Alvisi, Jolanda Brummelman, Simone Puccio, Emilia M. C. Mazza, Elisa Paoluzzi Tomada, Agnese Losurdo, Veronica Zanon, Clelia Peano, Federico S. Colombo, Alice Scarpa, Marco Alloisio, Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar, Rahul Roychoudhuri, Marinos Kallikourdis, Massimiliano Pagani, Egesta Lopci, Pierluigi Novellis, Jonas Blume, Axel Kallies, Giulia Veronesi, Enrico Lugli
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tin Kyaw, Paula Loveland, Peter Kanellakis, Anh Cao, Axel Kallies, Alex L. Huang, Karlheinz Peter, Ban-Hock Toh, Alex Bobik
Summary: The study identified early B-cell activation and autoantibodies as central causes for accelerated atherosclerosis post-MI. Alarmins released from infarcted hearts were found to activate B cells, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Tiantian Yu, Lei Gao, Axel Kallies, Yutaka Arita, Min Wang
Summary: The text describes a new species of clearwing moth, provides illustrations of adults and genitalia, and details potential damage to Cinnamomum trees. Additionally, a species checklist for Paranthrenella in China is provided, along with the transfer of Paranthrenella mushana to a different genus.
Article
Hematology
Rachel Thijssen, Sarah T. Diepstraten, Donia Moujalled, Edward Chew, Christoffer Flensburg, Melissa X. Shi, Michael A. Dengler, Veronique Litalien, Sarah MacRaild, Maoshan Chen, Natasha S. Anstee, Boris Reljic, Sarah S. Gabriel, Tirta M. Djajawi, Chris D. Riffkin, Brandon J. Aubrey, Catherine Chang, Lin Tai, Zhen Xu, Thomas Morley, Giovanna Pomilio, Claudia Bruedigam, Axel Kallies, David A. Stroud, Ashish Bajel, Ruth M. Kluck, Steven W. Lane, Marie Schoumacher, Sebastien Banquet, Ian J. Majewski, Andreas Strasser, Andrew W. Roberts, David C. S. Huang, Fiona C. Brown, Gemma L. Kelly, Andrew H. Wei
Summary: Selective targeting of BCL-2 with BH3-mimetic venetoclax has shown promising results in treating various leukemias. However, for patients with TP53 mutations, a combined BH3-mimetic approach targeting both BCL-2 and MCL-1 proves to be more effective in suppressing leukemia burden. It is crucial to use sufficiently lethal treatment strategies to maximize outcomes for patients with TP53-mutant disease and to avoid the risk of disease progression driven by emergent TP53-mutant clones.
Article
Zoology
Daniel Bartsch, Franz Puehringer, Liz Milla, Arthur Lingenhoele, Axel Kallies
Summary: This study revises the genus Pyropteron Newman, 1832 using molecular and morphological analyses, describing four new taxa and raising four species to species rank. Neotypes were designated for certain species and species combinations were made. The study also clarified the identity of previously confused species.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mayura Wagle, Stephin J. Vervoort, Madison J. Kelly, Willem Van der Byl, Timothy J. Peters, Ben P. Martin, Luciano G. Martelotto, Simone Nuessing, Kelly M. Ramsbottom, James R. Torpy, Deborah Knight, Sinead Reading, Kevin Thia, Lisa A. Miosge, Debbie R. Howard, Renee Gloury, Sarah S. Gabriel, Daniel T. Utzschneider, Jane Oliaro, Jonathan D. Powell, Fabio Luciani, Joseph A. Trapani, Ricky W. Johnstone, Axel Kallies, Christopher C. Goodnow, Ian A. Parish
Summary: Chronic antigenic stimulation induces the expression of EGR2, which in turn affects the epigenetic and transcriptional identity of exhausted T cells.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Amy Prosser, Wen Hua Huang, Liu Liu, Sarah Dart, Monalyssa Watson, Bastiaan de Boer, Philip Kendrew, Andrew Lucas, Irma Larma-Cornwall, Silvana Gaudieri, Gary P. Jeffrey, Luc Delriviere, Axel Kallies, Michaela Lucas
Summary: The study shows that after liver and heart transplantation, donor lymphocytes are retained in the liver grafts and peripheral lymphoid organs of the recipients. In MHC-matched transplants, this retention occurs, while in MHC-mismatched transplants, recipient cells infiltrate the graft and deplete donor lymphocytes.
Article
Immunology
Sarah S. Gabriel, Carlson Tsui, David Chisanga, Flora Weber, Manuela Llano-Leon, Patrick M. Gubser, Laurent Bartholin, Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Nicholas D. Huntington, Wei Shi, Daniel T. Utzschneider, Axel Kallies
Summary: Research demonstrates that in chronic viral infections and tumors, Tpex cells maintain long-term functionality by sustaining mitochondrial health and suppressing mTOR signaling, with transforming growth factor-beta playing a critical role in Tpex cell metabolism and function.
Article
Immunology
Susan N. Christo, Maximilien Evrard, Simone L. Park, Luke C. Gandolfo, Thomas N. Burn, Raissa Fonseca, Dane M. Newman, Yannick O. Alexandre, Nicholas Collins, Natasha M. Zamudio, Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Daniel G. Pellicci, David Chisanga, Wei Shi, Laurent Bartholin, Gabrielle T. Belz, Nicholas D. Huntington, Andrew Lucas, Michaela Lucas, Scott N. Mueller, William R. Heath, Florent Ginhoux, Terence P. Speed, Francis R. Carbone, Axel Kallies, Laura K. Mackay
Summary: Tissue-resident memory T (T-RM) cells are non-recirculating cells distributed throughout the body, and their properties, durability, and malleability are influenced by the tissue in which they are generated. Unequal responsiveness to TGF beta plays a major role in driving diversity in T-RM cell function.
Review
Immunology
Kun Yang, Axel Kallies
Summary: CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T (T-RM) cells exhibit heterogeneity across different tissues, influenced by the activity of tissue-specific molecules; transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a significant role in the generation of T-RM heterogeneity.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Momeneh Foroutan, Ramyar Molania, Aline Pfefferle, Corina Behrenbruch, Sebastian Scheer, Axel Kallies, Terence P. Speed, Joseph Cursons, Nicholas D. Huntington
Summary: The success of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer is mainly limited to patients with high microsatellite instability tumors. Specific subsets of tumor-infiltrating immune cells have been shown to correlate with immunotherapy response and treatment outcomes. Differentiation programs and features of tissue residency or exhaustion in infiltrating lymphocytes play a crucial role in predicting survival outcomes in patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Kevin Man, Axel Kallies, Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
Summary: Glucose is a crucial energy source for mammals, and the maintenance of organismal glucose metabolism involves multiple tissues, including adipose tissue with its diverse cell types. Immune cells in adipose tissue play a critical role in regulating insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis by modulating the inflammatory tone, ultimately affecting systemic metabolism.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jack D. Chan, Junyun Lai, Clare Y. Slaney, Axel Kallies, Paul A. Beavis, Phillip K. Darcy
Summary: The differentiation status of tumor-specific T cells greatly impacts their anti-tumor activity, with less differentiated T cells showing better therapeutic effects due to their enhanced expansion and long-term persistence. Adoptive transfer of T cells with stem-like memory or precursor phenotype is associated with improved therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients. Advances in understanding T cell differentiation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels have led to the development of novel methods for generating more persistent and functional tumor-specific T cells.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
