Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arguine Ivonne Urraza-Robledo, Marta Giralt, Faviel Francisco Gonzalez-Galarza, Francesc Villarroya, Alberto Alejandro Miranda Perez, Pablo Ruiz Flores, Maria Elena Gutierrez Perez, Pere Domingo, Francisco Carlos Lopez-Marquez
Summary: The study revealed that insulin resistance and FGF21 elevations were observed in overweight-obese individuals living with HIV, suggesting a compensation mechanism. In contrast, in the control group, FGF21 correlations appeared to be mainly related to weight and waist circumference.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Joseph Paez Chavez, Karunia Putra Wijaya, Carla M. A. Pinto, Clara Burgos-Simon
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin. This paper proposes a cell model to explain the development of T1D in HIV-infected individuals during immune restoration and antiretroviral therapy. The study verifies theoretical predictions through numerical simulations and establishes accurate parameter thresholds for effective disease treatment.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marius Zeeb, Burcu Tepekule, Katharina Kusejko, Claudine Reiber, Marisa Kalin, Lena Bartl, Julia Notter, Hansjakob Furrer, Matthias Hoffmann, Hans H. Hirsch, Alexandra Calmy, Matthias Cavassini, Niklaus D. Labhardt, Enos Bernasconi, Dominique L. Braun, Huldrych F. Gunthard, Roger D. Kouyos, Johannes Nemeth
Summary: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in people with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is decreasing in Switzerland, primarily due to the control of HIV-1 infection and immune system restoration, in addition to TB-specific prevention measures.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dandan Niu, Ticheng Xiao, Yuanyi Chen, Houlin Tang, Fangfang Chen, Chang Cai, Qianqian Qin, Decai Zhao, Yichen Jin, Shi Wang, Yushan Hou, Zhen Lu, Luoyao Yang, Hong Liu, Dongqin Xie, Huachun Zou, Fan Lyu
Summary: This study investigated the mortality rates among people living with HIV (PLHIV) initiating HAART in Luzhou, China from 2006 to 2020. The results showed a decrease in excess mortality rates over time, but the mortality rate among PLHIV was still higher than the general population. Male gender, low CD4 counts, advanced WHO clinical stages, delayed initiation of HAART, unchanged initial treatment regimens, and virological failure were associated with an increased risk of excess deaths.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Jessica L. Schue, Janneke H. van Dijk, Francis Hamangaba, Mutinta Hamahuwa, Nkumbula Moyo, Philip E. Thuma, William J. Moss, Catherine G. Sutcliffe
Summary: In Zambia, most children under 5 years old who initiated antiretroviral treatment responded well, but many remained underweight and stunted, and faced high mortality rates in the early stages of treatment.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Boris Revollo, Laura Vinuela, Lorena de la Mora, Federico Garcia, Marc Noguera-Julian, Mariona Parera, Roger Paredes, Josep M. Llibre
Summary: This article reports a case of integrase resistance in a patient treated with co-formulated dolutegravir/lamivudine. It highlights the importance of carefully considering and monitoring drug-drug interactions, even when they are regarded as having a low potential.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Peilin Cao, Yifan Zhang, Guangyan Dong, Hongkun Wu, Yuxiang Yang, Yi Liu
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical oral status and investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on oral flora diversity in HIV-infected/AIDS patients. The study found that demographic indicators such as age, sex, marital status, income level, smoking, and oral health behaviors had an impact on periodontal and dental health indicators in HIV-infected/AIDS patients. Most of these patients had oral manifestations such as candidiasis, salivary gland disease, AIDS-associated periodontitis, and oral ulcers. HAART may play a crucial role in maintaining the salivary microecological balance in AIDS patients, and early initiation of HAART could be important in preventing oral lesions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Faustin Nd Kitetele, Gilbert M. Lelo, Cathy E. Akele, Patricia V. M. Lelo, Loukia Aketi, Eric M. Mafuta, Thorkild Tylleskar, Esperance Kashala-Abotnes
Summary: HIV status disclosure to children remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Delaying disclosure poses risks to treatment compliance and the child's psychological well-being. This study found that HIV disclosure to children is an important determinant of ART compliance and a child's psychological well-being.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel D. Stelmach, Miriam Rabkin, Kouame Abo, Irma Ahoba, Mahena Gildas Anago, Rodrigo Boccanera, Hermann Brou, Rebecca Flueckiger, Kieran Hartsough, Martin Msukwa, Jennifer Zech, Felicity Young, Rachel Nugent
Summary: Despite the availability of free ART in Cote d'Ivoire, most participants still reported out-of-pocket spending on health care, with those with co-morbid NCDs experiencing higher costs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mhairi Maskew, Kieran Sharpey-Schafer, Lucien De Voux, Thomas Crompton, Jacob Bor, Marcus Rennick, Admire Chirowodza, Jacqui Miot, Seithati Molefi, Chuka Onaga, Pappie Majuba, Ian Sanne, Pedro Pisa
Summary: This study applied predictive machine learning algorithms to HIV programmatic data from South Africa and developed models to predict patient attendance and viral load suppression. Important predictors included previous visit history, viral load testing frequency, visit time, age, and treatment duration. The results showed that machine learning can effectively identify HIV patients at risk of disengagement and unsuppressed viral load.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Seynt Jiro Sahagun, Teja Yeramosu, Julia B. Purdy, James C. Reynolds, Colleen M. Hadigan
Summary: This study provides strong evidence for persistent and worsening central adiposity in young adults with lifelong HIV and extensive ARV exposure.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Andrew D. Revell, Dechao Wang, Maria-Jesus Perez-Elias, Robin Wood, Dolphina Cogill, Hugo Tempelman, Raph L. Hamers, Peter Reiss, Ard van Sighem, Catherine A. Rehm, Brian Agan, Gerardo Alvarez-Uria, Julio S. G. Montaner, H. Clifford Lane, Brendan A. Larder
Summary: Novel computational models were developed to accurately predict treatment responses in HIV therapy, even in the absence of baseline data. These models showed strong performance in predicting virological response and absolute changes, offering potential benefits in resource-limited settings.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emmanuel Sendaula, Michael Buwembo, Denis Opio
Summary: The holistic care model supports individuals living with HIV in various aspects of their lives, resulting in improved treatment outcomes. Age and adherence are significantly associated with viral load suppression in HIV-infected adults receiving a holistic approach of care.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Barbara Rossetti, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Domenico Di Carlo, Francesca Incardona, Ana Abecasis, Perpetua Gomes, Anna Maria Geretti, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Federico Garcia, Rolf Kaiser, Sara Modica, Adrian Shallvari, Anders Sonnerborg, Maurizio Zazzi
Summary: This large multi-cohort study indicates high effectiveness of elvitegravir- or dolutegravir-based first-line ART in routine practice across Europe. Factors such as baseline viral load and CD4 cell count can affect the treatment outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Fan Yang, Chi Peng, Liwei Peng, Jia He, Zhichao Jin, Yuejun Li
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of liposuction in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients and found that HIV-positive patients did not have a higher risk of complications or mortality after the surgery. This suggests that liposuction can be safely considered as a surgical treatment for HIV-positive patients with local fat deposition.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nicolas Helmstetter, Aleksandra D. Chybowska, Christopher Delaney, Alessandra Da Silva Dantas, Hugh Gifford, Theresa Wacker, Carol Munro, Adilia Warris, Brian Jones, Christina A. Cuomo, Duncan Wilson, Gordon Ramage, Rhys A. Farrer
Summary: This study reveals the high genetic diversity of C. glabrata clinical isolates in Scotland, including multiple previously identified sequence types from around the world and a newly discovered sequence type. Ancient recombination events were found between different geographical regions, suggesting transmission and genetic exchange. The study also identifies genetic variations and microevolution related to drug resistance and virulence.
Article
Microbiology
Johanna Rhodes, Alireza Abdolrasouli, Katie Dunne, Thomas R. Sewell, Yuyi Zhang, Eloise Ballard, Amelie P. Brackin, Norman van Rhijn, Harry Chown, Alexandra Tsitsopoulou, Raquel B. Posso, Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Noel G. McElvaney, Philip G. Murphy, Alida Fe Talento, Julie Renwick, Paul S. Dyer, Adrien Szekely, Paul Bowyer, Michael J. Bromley, Elizabeth M. Johnson, P. Lewis White, Adilia Warris, Richard C. Barton, Silke Schelenz, Thomas R. Rogers, Darius Armstrong-James, Matthew C. Fisher
Summary: Whole-genome sequencing and population genomics analysis of 218 Aspergillus fumigatus isolates revealed two strongly genetically structured clades, with the majority of environmental azole resistance found within one clade. Near-identical genotypes of azole-resistant isolates were obtained from both environmental and clinical sources, indicating transmission of drug-resistant isolates from the environment to patients. The study also identified selective sweeps across multiple regions and genes linked to azole resistance and previously unknown resistance mechanisms.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Bassey E. Ekeng, Adeyinka A. Davies, Iriagbonse I. Osaigbovo, Adilia Warris, Rita O. Oladele, David W. Denning
Summary: Fungal infections often present with symptoms that closely resemble other clinical entities, particularly tuberculosis. This review identifies several fungal infections, including histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and blastomycosis, that can mimic tuberculosis. The study highlights the importance of considering and ruling out these fungal infections when a patient presents with tuberculosis-like symptoms.
Article
Pediatrics
Timothy H. Ciesielski, Xueyi Zhang, Alessandra Tacconelli, Irja Lutsar, Vincent Meiffredy de Cabre, Emmanuel Roilides, Cinzia Ciccacci, Paola Borgiani, William K. Scott, Scott M. Williams, Giorgio Sirugo
Summary: Late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) is a rare and severe condition with high mortality rates. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with LOS. The results showed that genetic susceptibility to LOS is sexually dimorphic and NOTCH signaling plays a role in determining risk. There were also sex-specific associations between genes and sepsis, highlighting the importance of sex-specific treatment strategies.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Peter A. G. Sandercock, Janet Darbyshire, David DeMets, Robert Fowler, David G. Lalloo, Mohammed Munavvar, Natalie Staplin, Adilia Warris, Janet Wittes, Jonathan R. Emberson
Summary: This study summarizes the experiences and challenges of the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study highlights the key factors and capabilities required for the DMC to carry out its role, as well as the decision-making process involved in managing different treatment methods. The study also demonstrates the design and efficiency of the RECOVERY trial, as well as the communication efforts between the DMC and regulatory authorities.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vida Terzic, Lea Levoyer, Melanie Figarella, Elisabetta Bigagli, Noemie Mercier, Lucie De Gastines, Severine Gibowski, Marius Troseid, Jacques Demotes, Inge Christoffer Olsen, Maya Hites, Florence Ader, Jose Ramon Arribas Lopez, France Mentre, Helene Esperou, Dominique Costagliola, John-Arne Rottingen, Julien Poissy, Jean-Christophe Roze, Adilia Warris, Jackie O'Leary, Ricardo M. Fernandes, Lambert Assoumou, Regis Hankard, Mark A. Turner, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alpha Diallo
Summary: To ensure the safety of participants and regulatory compliance in academic trials, a centralized pharmacovigilance system was established, allowing sponsors to delegate work. This system consisted of key procedures, a local safety officer network, and centralized safety activities. Lessons learned from four trials demonstrated the ability to manage diverse European requirements and communicate effectively with trial teams.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
J. Maertens, L. Pagano, E. Azoulay, A. Warris
Summary: Most invasive fungal infections are opportunistic in nature, but the epidemiology is constantly changing. Neutropenia is a risk factor for fungal infections, while critically ill patients in the ICU are now increasingly at risk of yeast and mould infections. Liposomal amphotericin B is a suitable choice for antifungal treatment due to its broad spectrum of activity, low risk of resistance, predictable pharmacokinetics, and low toxicity.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Harshani Jayawardena-Thabrew, Adilia Warris, Laura Ferreras-Antolin
Summary: The topical antifungal nystatin has limited indications, but its use is observed beyond very low birth weight neonates. This study found high use of nystatin in hospitalized children beyond the neonatal age. Nystatin was mainly prescribed for prophylaxis, with congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis, and chronic renal disease being the most common conditions in children receiving prophylactic nystatin. Sparse evidence supports the use of nystatin prophylaxis beyond neonates, indicating the need for trials in specific pediatric patient groups.
Review
Microbiology
Laura Ferreras-Antolin, Andrew Borman, Antonia Diederichs, Adilia Warris, Thomas Lehrnbecher
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the available data on the use of serum BDG in neonates and immunocompromised children and adolescents, as well as to understand the extent and characteristics of the use of BDG in children in Europe.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aislinn Cook, Laura Ferreras-Antolin, Bethou Adhisivam, Daynia Ballot, James A. Berkley, Paola Bernaschi, Cristina G. Carvalheiro, Napaporn Chaikittisuk, Yunsheng Chen, Vindana Chibabhai, Shweta Chitkara, Sara Chiurchiu, Elisavet Chorafa, Tran Minh Dien, Angela Dramowski, Samantha Faria de Matos, Jinxing Feng, Daniel Jarovsky, Ravinder Kaur, Warunee Khamjakkaew, Premsak Laoyookhong, Edwin Machanja, Marisa M. Mussi-Pinhata, Flavia Namiiro, Gita Natraj, Hakka Naziat, Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc, Claude Ondongo-Ezhet, Kanchana Preedisripipat, Hafizur Rahman, Amy Riddell, Emmanuel Roilides, Neal Russell, Apurba S. Sastry, Hannington Baluku Tasimwa, Tongzhen Ji, Jeannette Wadula, Yajuan Wang, Andrew Whitelaw, Dan Wu, Varsha Yadav, Gao Yang, Wolfgang Stohr, Julia Anna Bielicki, Sally Ellis, Adilia Warris, Paul T. Heath, Michael Sharland
Summary: This study describes neonates from low- and middle-income countries with neonatal invasive candidiasis (NIC). Most of them were outside the groups considered at high risk for NIC described in high-income countries. The epidemiology of Candida spp. was also different. The mortality rate was high (22%). Further research is needed in these settings.
Review
Biology
Bassey E. Ekeng, Asa E. Itam-Eyo, Iriagbonse I. Osaigbovo, Adilia Warris, Rita O. Oladele, Felix Bongomin, David W. Denning
Summary: This study compared the clinical presentation of gastrointestinal histoplasmosis (GIH) in individuals with and without HIV infection. The findings showed that while GIH is more common in individuals with HIV infection, it also affects individuals without HIV infection who exhibit similar clinical manifestations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marc J. T. Blaauw, Marvin A. H. Berrevoets, Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos, Albert L. Groenendijk, Louise E. van Eekeren, Nadira Vadaq, Gert Weijers, Andre J. A. M. van der Ven, Joost H. W. Rutten, Niels P. Riksen
Summary: This study found that traditional cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), but not with carotid plaques. HIV-specific factors were not associated with either ultrasound measurements. It is recommended to improve guideline adherence on lipid-lowering treatment in high- and very high-risk patients for cardiovascular disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter W. Horby, Jonathan R. Emberson, Marion Mafham, Mark Campbell, Leon Peto, Guilhenne Pessoa-Amorim, Enti Spata, Natalie Staplin, Catherine Lowe, David R. Chadwick, Christopher Brightling, Richard Stewart, Paul Collini, Abdul Ashish, Christopher A. Green, Ben Prudon, Timothy Felton, Anthony Kerry, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya H. Such, Jeremy Day, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Guy Thwaites, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: This study evaluated the use of baricitinib in the treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results showed that baricitinib significantly reduced the risk of death, although the effect size was slightly smaller than previous trials. Overall evidence suggests that JAK inhibitors can reduce mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients by about 20%.
Correction
Microbiology
Johanna Rhodes, Alireza Abdolrasouli, Katie Dunne, Thomas R. Sewell, Yuyi Zhang, Eloise Ballard, Amelie P. Brackin, Norman van Rhijn, Harry Chown, Alexandra Tsitsopoulou, Raquel B. Posso, Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Noel G. McElvaney, Philip G. Murphy, Alida Fe Talento, Julie Renwick, Paul S. Dyer, Adrien Szekely, Paul Bowyer, Michael J. Bromley, Elizabeth M. Johnson, P. Lewis White, Adilia Warris, Richard C. Barton, Silke Schelenz, Thomas R. Rogers, Darius Armstrong-James, Matthew C. Fisher
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicole L. Messina, Susie Germano, Rebecca McElroy, Rajeev Rudraraju, Rhian Bonnici, Laure F. Pittet, Melanie R. Neeland, Suellen Nicholson, Kanta Subbarao, Nigel Curtis
Summary: BCG vaccination has immunomodulatory effects on SARS-CoV-2 and reduces the secretion of cytokines associated with severe COVID-19. In addition, BCG vaccination promotes specific T cell immune responses and activates eosinophils.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)