Review
Neurosciences
Stacey Woods, Caragh O'Mahoney, Andrew McKiel, Laurel Natale, Bareket Falk
Summary: Antagonist coactivation refers to the simultaneous activation of agonist and antagonist muscles during a motor task, and age-related differences in coactivation may contribute to muscle performance variations between children and adults. This study summarized the existing research on age-related differences in antagonist muscle coactivation during multi-joint dynamic and single-joint isometric or isokinetic contractions. The majority of studies found higher coactivation in children during multi-joint dynamic contractions, while only a few studies reported higher coactivation in children during single-joint contractions. These findings highlight the importance of considering age-related differences in coactivation, particularly during multi-joint dynamic contractions, when evaluating muscle function in children and adults.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Yuki Kato, Kouji Izumi, Atsushi Mizokami
Summary: The decline in testosterone is associated with sarcopenia and frailty, and testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve muscle mass and strength.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Jennifer E. Lansford
Summary: This article reviews contemporary research on cross-cultural similarities and differences in parenting, discussing topics such as changes in culture and parenting over historical time, theoretical frameworks for understanding culture and parenting, and implications of cultural norms on parenting practices and child outcomes. The article also explores cross-cultural differences in aspects of parenting such as physical caregiving, cognitive stimulation, warmth and acceptance, control and monitoring, and discipline, as well as potential moderators that contribute to these differences. Finally, the article suggests directions for future research in the field.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinyu Qian, Michelle L. Townsend, Wan Jie Tan, Brin F. S. Grenyer
Summary: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is often perceived as a disorder more prevalent in females, however, the literature on sex differences is inconclusive. This scoping review aimed to synthesize available research evidence on potential sex differences in BPD. The review found that males with BPD were more likely to exhibit externalizing symptoms and comorbid disorders, while females with BPD were more likely to exhibit internalizing symptoms and comorbid disorders. However, there is a lack of research on sex differences in treatment outcomes, developmental factors, and biological markers of BPD.
Review
Sport Sciences
Stacey Woods, Caragh O'mahoney, James Maynard, Raffy Dotan, Gershon Tenenbaum, Edson Filho, Bareket Falk
Summary: Compared with adults, children activate their motor-unit pool less. Moreover, the degree of volitional muscle activation increase with age may be influenced by the muscle examined (upper vs lower extremity). However, more research is needed to elucidate the influence of this possible factor, as the current review contains limited data from upper body muscles. The developmental mechanism responsible for children's lower volitional muscle activation requires further research.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mar Sempere-Bigorra, Ivan Julian-Rochina, Omar Cauli
Summary: Diabetic neuropathy presents differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, with sensory changes being more prominent in type 2 diabetes, while neurological test variations are more common in type 1 diabetes patients. This review highlights the importance of understanding these differences for better clinical management and future research directions in the field.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erica L. Kenney, Kyla Tucker, Rachel S. Plummer, Carol Mita, Tatiana Andreyeva
Summary: This review aims to summarize the impact of the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) on children's diet quality, weight status, food insecurity, and cognitive development. The association between CACFP and children's health is currently inconclusive, and more research with stronger study designs is needed.
Review
Respiratory System
Paola Rogliani, Francesco Cavalli, Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo, Mario Cazzola, Luigino Calzetta
Summary: This systematic review examined the sex-related effectiveness of asthma and COPD therapy. The study found that 44% of evidence indicated that men responded better than women to therapy in asthma, while this percentage was 28% in COPD. In treating asthma, ICS was generally less effective in women compared to men, but there is evidence to suggest that ICS/LABA/LAMA combination may be equally effective in both men and women with asthma. Inconsistent evidence makes it difficult to identify specific treatments whose effectiveness is related to sex difference in COPD patients.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Michelle Klerks, Sergio Roman, Luisma Sanchez-Siles
Summary: This study compared the nutritional quality and degree of naturalness among baby biscuits, children biscuits, and adult biscuits. The results showed that baby biscuits had the best nutritional quality and were the most natural, but their energy density and sugar content needed further attention. The nutritional quality was comparably poor in children and adult biscuits, and children biscuits were the least natural. Reasonable regulations are needed to improve the market food offer for babies and children.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Silvia A. G. de Vries, Carianne L. L. Verheugt, Dick Mul, Max Nieuwdorp, Theo C. J. Sas
Summary: This systematic review explores sex differences in children with type 1 diabetes and finds that female children have higher HbA(1c) levels and a steeper increase over time, as well as a higher prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia. Male children are more prone to hypoglycemia and partial remission, while female children have a higher likelihood of ketoacidosis and hospitalization. Female children also have lower quality of life.
Article
Cell Biology
Shelby Giza, Jorge A. Mojica-Santiago, Maddalena Parafati, Legrand K. Malany, Don Platt, Christine E. Schmidt, Paul M. Coen, Siobhan Malany
Summary: Microphysiological systems (MPS) incorporating 3D skeletal myobundles are used to study new medical treatments for sarcopenia. In this study, myobundles derived from young, active individuals showed better response to electrical stimulation and increased hypertrophic potential compared to myobundles derived from older sedentary individuals. This research provides a disease model and experimental platform for studying the effects of electrical stimulation on muscle aging and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of new drugs for sarcopenia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Styliani Vakrou, Yamin Liu, Li Zhu, Gabriela V. Greenland, Bahadir Simsek, Virginia B. Hebl, Yufan Guan, Kirubel Woldemichael, Conover C. Talbot, Miguel A. Aon, Ryuya Fukunaga, M. Roselle Abraham
Summary: The study revealed differences in gene expression between mouse-HCM and human-HCM, with only two genes showing similar dysregulation in both. Significant discrepancies were identified between mouse-HCM and human-HCM, highlighting the need for further research to confirm these findings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Nursing
Wen Xiu Samantha See Toh, Wei Heong Joshua Lim, Piyanee Yobas, Siriwan Lim
Summary: This article presents a qualitative systematic review on the experiences of spousal and adult child caregivers of stroke patients in transitional care. The findings highlight the multiple barriers faced by caregivers during transitional care and the importance of support and adequate preparation in easing their adaptation to changing roles.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Katherine Bailey, Stephanie Lee, Thomas de Los Reyes, Lisha Lo, Kristin Cleverley, Jacklynn Pidduck, Quenby Mahood, Jan Willem Gorter, Alene Toulany
Summary: Transition from pediatric to adult care is associated with adverse health outcomes for adolescents with chronic illness. This study identified quality indicators for transition to adult care that are broadly applicable across different chronic illnesses and health systems. The findings suggest that while most quality indicators for transition are patient-centered, very few were developed with input from youth and parents/caregivers, and none focused on equity.
Review
Family Studies
Laura Herbert, Jinette Comeau, Carrie Smith, Tracy Smith-Carrier, Christopher Saxby, Natashia Botelho
Summary: Child maltreatment is a significant social problem with long-term consequences for both the abused individuals and the wider society. This review analyzes the relationship between child maltreatment and economic outcomes in adulthood through a systematic review of quantitative research. The findings indicate a causal relationship between child maltreatment and economic outcomes, but methodological concerns limit the ability to demonstrate this relationship. Future research should focus on clear operationalization of child maltreatment and economic outcome constructs.
CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alexandra Woloschuk, Gary J. Hodges, Raffaele J. Massarotto, Panagiota Klentrou, Bareket Falk
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Stacey Woods, Raffy Dotan, Nicole Jenicek, Bareket Falk
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Correction
Physiology
Alexandra Woloschuk, Gary J. Hodges, Raffaele J. Massarotto, Panagiota Klentrou, Bareket Falk
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Nina Zeng, Randall F. D'Souza, Caitlin L. MacRae, Vandre C. Figueiredo, Chantal A. Pileggi, James F. Markworth, Troy L. Merry, David Cameron-Smith, Cameron J. Mitchell
Summary: The study found that lower limb disuse can reduce activation of the mTORC1 pathway in mammals, but protein supplementation can alleviate the decrease in phosphorylation of targets regulating muscle protein synthesis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph C. Reynolds, Rochelle W. Lai, Jonathan S. T. Woodhead, James H. Joly, Cameron J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith, Ryan Lu, Pinchas Cohen, Nicholas A. Graham, Berenice A. Benayoun, Troy L. Merry, Changhan Lee
Summary: Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c can enhance physical performance and healthspan in mice by regulating nuclear genes, skeletal muscle metabolism, and myoblast adaptation to metabolic stress. Late-life intermittent MOTS-c treatment can increase physical capacity and healthspan in mice, and exercise can induce endogenous MOTS-c expression in humans, showing beneficial effects on metabolism and overall physiologic fitness in aging organisms.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Vandre C. Figueiredo, Randall F. D'Souza, Douglas W. Van Pelt, Marcus M. Lawrence, Nina Zeng, James F. Markworth, Sally D. Poppitt, Benjamin F. Miller, Cameron J. Mitchell, John J. McCarthy, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: The study found that changes in RNA concentration during muscle disuse and reloading were associated with changes in ribosome biogenesis and degradation, indicating that both processes are important determinants of translational capacity. The pre-clinical data help explain the reduced translational capacity after muscle immobilization in humans and demonstrate that ribosome biogenesis and degradation might be valuable therapeutic targets to maintain muscle mass during disuse.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa M. Bax, Chimerem O. Amiaka, Bareket Falk, David A. Gabriel, Craig D. Tokuno
Summary: The study investigated the effects of low-load resistance training with blood flow occlusion (BFO) on children and adults, showing similar neuromuscular responses between boys and men. While men exhibited an increase in EMG amplitude during BFO, boys did not show any change. Both groups experienced a greater decrease in mean power frequency (MPF) of the EMG signal during BFO, indicating possible differences in muscle activation strategies between children and adults. Further research is needed to determine if the effectiveness of BFO training is consistent across different age groups.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lauren E. Skelly, Erin N. Barbour-Tuck, Nigel Kurgan, Melissa Calleja, Panagiota Klentrou, Bareket Falk, Andrea R. Josse
Summary: Increased dairy product consumption as part of a lifestyle modification intervention did not affect cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. Changes in adiposity were significantly correlated with changes in some cardiometabolic variables in this population.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Agnes Draxler, Bernhard Franzke, Johannes T. Cortolezis, Nicola A. Gillies, Sandra Unterberger, Rudolf Aschauer, Patrick A. Zoehrer, Laura Bragagna, Julia Kodnar, Eva-Maria Strasser, Oliver Neubauer, Pankaja Sharma, Sarah M. Mitchell, Nina Zeng, Farha Ramzan, Randall F. D'Souza, Scott O. Knowles, Nicole C. Roy, Anders M. Sjoedin, Cameron J. Mitchell, Amber M. Milan, Barbara Wessner, David Cameron-Smith, Karl-Heinz Wagner
Summary: The study found that increasing protein intake to more than 20% of the total energy intake in community-dwelling seniors in Austria and New Zealand did not increase measures of DNA damage, change glutathione status or elevate plasma CRP levels.
Article
Surgery
Sobhan Mardan-Dezfouli, Owen G. Reid, Matthew D. Fliss, Jordan Stevenson, David Harris, Michael R. Lyon, Michael S. Koehle, Cameron J. Mitchell
Summary: This study examined the impact of abdominal body contouring surgery (ABCS) on objective measures of physical function in individuals who have undergone massive weight loss (MWL). The results showed that the modified physical performance test (mPPT) and tests involving dynamic balance, agility, and walking were reliable and showed medium to large effect sizes.
AESTHETIC SURGERY JOURNAL
(2023)
Correction
Environmental Sciences
Brandon J. McKinlay, Alexandros Theocharidis, Tony Adebero, Nigel Kurgan, Val A. Fajardo, Brian D. Roy, Andrea R. Josse, Heather M. Logan-Sprenger, Bareket Falk, Panagiota Klentrou
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Correction
Pediatrics
Panagiota Klentrou, Katherine McKee, Brandon J. McKinlay, Nigel Kurgan, Brian D. Roy, Bareket Falk
Review
Pediatrics
Diane E. Mack, Daniel Anzovino, Malcolm Sanderson, Raffy Dotan, Bareket Falk
Summary: Clear definition, identification, and reporting of adverse events (AE) in youth muscle strengthening training (MST) studies are lacking. Most MST studies do not report the presence/absence of adverse events and when reported, the definition of adverse events is unclear.
PEDIATRIC EXERCISE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Justin M. Losciale, Linda K. Truong, Kexin Zhang, Thomas Scarr, Hui Xie, Linda C. Li, Cameron Mitchell, Michael A. Hunt, Jackie L. Whittaker
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between index leg knee muscle strength and rate of torque development (RTD), and self-reported and performance-based knee function in individuals 1-4 years after a sport-related knee joint injury. The results showed a nonlinear relationship between knee extensor strength and hop function, with lower strength being associated with a stronger relationship. As strength values increased, the relationship attenuated. Knee extensor and flexor strength, as well as RTD, were not associated with self-reported function.
PHYSICAL THERAPY IN SPORT
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Randall F. D'Souza, Vandre C. Figueiredo, James F. Markworth, Nina Zeng, Christopher P. Hedges, Llion A. Roberts, Truls Raastad, Jeff S. Coombes, Jonathan M. Peake, Cameron J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: Cold water immersion (CWI) affects muscle adaptations to exercise training by modulating miRNA expression, with attenuated muscle hypertrophy and increased angiogenesis. This study examined the regulatory mechanisms involved in cleavage and nuclear export of mature miRNA, and found that CWI suppressed mRNA expression of DROSHA, EXPORTIN-5, and DICER in skeletal muscle. MiR-133a and miR-126 remained elevated at 24 hours post-exercise only in the CWI trial. However, the gene targets of these miRNA did not differ between trials.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)