Article
Ophthalmology
Omer Ersin Muz, Kenan Dagdelen, Tuncay Pirdal, Mete Guler
Summary: Travatan (R) and Xalatan (R) have similar effects on IOP levels and ocular surface parameters in patients with POAG and OHT, and no further worsening was detected after 1 year.
INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yanlin Zhong, Xie Fang, Xuemei Wang, Yu-An Lin, Huping Wu, Cheng Li
Summary: This study found that the bacterial communities on the ocular surface changed significantly after the use of sodium hyaluronate eye drops. Regardless of the presence of preservatives, eye drops have an impact on the bacterial communities on the ocular surface.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Chih-Chiun J. Chang, Karina Somohano, Christine Zemsky, Anne -Catrin Uhlemann, Jeffrey Liebmann, George A. Cioffi, Lama A. Al-Aswad, Susan V. Lynch, Bryan J. Winn
Summary: The study investigated the ocular surface microbiome of patients with glaucoma being treated with eye drops and found that the microbial composition of patient eyes was associated with tear film measures.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chuhan Wang, Yan Pang
Summary: Eye drops are commonly used for treating ocular diseases, but their lower bioavailability limits their efficacy. The introduction of nanotechnology offers advantages in terms of prolonged retention time and enhanced penetration through ocular barriers, leading to improved treatment outcomes. This review explores the use of eye drops for various ocular diseases and discusses the physiological and anatomical barriers in ocular drug administration. It also highlights recent advances in nanotechnology for developing eye drops and discusses future research directions.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuelin Tang, Jianhong Liu, Ruijiao Yan, Qiang Peng
Summary: Eyes are vulnerable to infections, causing various ocular disorders. This article summarizes the applications of carbohydrate bioadhesive polymers (CBPs) in treating ocular diseases, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, cyclodextrin, alginate, and pectin. It provides a comprehensive understanding of CBP-based formulations for ocular use, discussing patents, clinical trials, concerns, and possible solutions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Murat Dogru, Takashi Kojima, Kazunari Higa, Ayako Igarashi, Haruka Kudo, Wolfgang G. K. Mueller-Lierheim, Kazuo Tsubota, Kazuno Negishi
Summary: The study found that a novel high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and Latanoprost eye drop had similar intraocular pressure-lowering effects compared to commercially available Latanoprost eye drops, while also reducing ocular surface inflammation. This suggests that the new eye drop formulation provides comparable IOP lowering effects to the market product, while also reducing ocular surface alterations and inflammatory reactions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dalton L. Glasco, Nguyen H. B. Ho, Art Matthew Mamaril, Jeffrey G. Bell
Summary: This technical note introduces a method for fabricating ion-selective membranes using 3D printing technology for potentiometric sensing, demonstrating high stability and reproducibility in different electrode configurations. The versatile approach allows for the seamless translation of these membranes into reliable sensors for various applications, highlighting the advantages of mass production and reduced time and cost associated with sensor fabrication.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Malin Glindvad Ahlstrom, Lone Skov, Steffen Heegaard, Claus Zachariae, Lene Heise Garvey, Jeanne Duus Johansen
Summary: A retrospective study in a Danish tertiary dermatology department found that allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the eye region caused by topical eye medications is difficult to diagnose and may be overlooked. The study identified phenylephrine, timolol, and ketotifen as the main culprits of contact allergy to topical eye allergens/medications. Patients often had previous diagnoses of cataract or glaucoma and reported multiple previous reactions, with symptoms including edema, erythema, and dermatitis in the eye region.
CONTACT DERMATITIS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michele Figus, Luca Agnifili, Manuela Lanzini, Lorenza Brescia, Francesco Sartini, Leonardo Mastropasqua, Chiara Posarelli
Summary: Studies have shown that preservative-free eyedrops are important for chronic diseases such as dry eye and glaucoma. The pros and cons of using preservative-free eyedrops lie in their efficacy, safety, and social-economic aspects.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Myungsik Nam, Sun Woong Kim
Summary: Corneal epithelial thickness (CET) was found to be smaller in patients with glaucoma receiving topical medications compared to controls. Among various factors influencing CET, the use of beta-blockers, prostaglandin, and frequency of BAK-containing instillations were significant.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Charis B. Hoppe, Sean Yonamine, Brandon W. Kao, Marcus L. Turner, Yvonne Ou, Ying Han, Jeremy D. Keenan, Julius T. Oatts
Summary: This study evaluated the noninferiority of a small-volume eye drop adapter, the Nanodropper, compared to the standard of care in terms of pupillary dilation and cycloplegia in children. The results showed that the efficacy of the small-volume eye drops was comparable to the standard treatment, indicating the potential to reduce medical waste and medication toxicity.
Article
Ophthalmology
David Wirta, Ranjan Malhotra, James Peace, Bridgitte Shen Lee, Brittany Mitchell, Kenneth Sall, Matthew McMenemy
Summary: This study evaluated the noninferiority of latanoprost without benzalkonium chloride (BAK) compared to latanoprost with BAK in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). The results showed that latanoprost without BAK did not meet two out of three criteria for noninferiority, but had a similar safety profile to latanoprost with BAK.
EYE & CONTACT LENS-SCIENCE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Rob L. Shaver, Erin M. Warshaw
Summary: Common allergenic inactive ingredients in prescription ophthalmic medications in the United States include benzalkonium chloride, sorbates, parabens, sodium metabisulfite, propylene glycol, and lanolin. Most ophthalmic categories offer low allergen formulations for patients with contact allergies.
Review
Ophthalmology
Michael H. Goldstein, Fabiana Q. Silva, Nysha Blender, Trung Tran, Srilatha Vantipalli
Summary: Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a commonly used preservative in eye medications, but long-term exposure can cause cytotoxic damage to the ocular surface, resulting in symptoms of ocular surface disease. There are multiple strategies available to minimize or eliminate BAK exposure, including alternative preservatives and preservative-free formulations.
Article
Ophthalmology
Fredrik Fineide, Neil Lagali, Muhammed Yasin Adil, Reiko Arita, Miriam Kolko, Jelle Vehof, Tor P. Utheim
Summary: This article critically evaluates the effects of preservatives and pharmaceutical compounds on the ocular surface, and finds that they can cause tear film instability and dry eye disease.