Article
Cell Biology
Jie Pan, Suchart Kothan, Laihao Liu, Aye Thidar Moe, Liwei Dong, Yanan Sun, Yiyi Yang
Summary: Our study demonstrated that autophagy is positively related to the dedifferentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is regulated through the insulin-PI3K-AKT-mTORC1-autophagy pathway. Additionally, autophagy may have a certain degree of negative feedback affect on the insulin signaling of 3T3-L1 cells.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Farah Gulzar, Shadab Ahmad, Sushmita Singh, Pawan Kumar, Aditya Sharma, Akhilesh K. Tamrakar
Summary: This study demonstrates that activation of NOD1 in adipocytes can affect lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by promoting lipolysis and inflammatory responses. This effect is associated with enhanced transport of fatty acids and increased triglyceride synthesis rate in hepatocytes. Additionally, NOD1 activation induces inflammatory response and impairs insulin signaling in hepatocytes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer L. Bailey, Hardy Hang, Anik Boudreau, Carrie M. Elks
Summary: The study found that OSM induces adipocyte lipolysis via the p66Shc-ERK pathway, inhibiting the suppression of lipolysis by insulin, and inducing phosphorylation of inhibitory IRS1 residues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tomohiko Nakao, Shiro Otaki, Yuri Kominami, Soichi Watanabe, Miho Ito, Teruki Aizawa, Yusuke Akahori, Hideki Ushio
Summary: L-fucose (Fuc) demonstrates potent anti-obesity effects in mice, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of Fuc on lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fuc treatment suppresses lipid accumulation and activates the AMPK pathway, responsible for regulating fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis. Fuc also promotes glucose uptake via Akt activation in an insulin-resistant state. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of Fuc's anti-obesity effects and its potential as a therapeutic compound.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Malgorzata Malodobra-Mazur, Dominika Lewon, Aneta Cierzniak, Marta Okulus, Anna Gliszczynska
Summary: The study demonstrated the beneficial effects of cinnamic acid and 3-methoxycinnamic acid on insulin action. Furthermore, the phospholipid derivatives 1,2-dicinnamoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-cinnamoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine showed even stronger improvement in insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adipocytes, providing more benefits.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pere Bibiloni, Catalina A. Pomar, Andreu Palou, Juana Sanchez, Francisca Serra
Summary: Elevated miR-222 levels are linked to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Rats fed an obesogenic diet during lactation have higher miR-222 content in breast milk, leading to increased body fat mass and impaired insulin sensitivity in their offspring. Transfection experiments with miR-222 mimics or inhibitors on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes reveal that miR-222 plays a role in pathways related to insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and adipogenesis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Beegum Noorjahan Shijina, Achuthan Radhika, Sainulabdeen Sherin, Prabath Gopalakrishnan Biju
Summary: The indole alkaloid vindoline from Catharanthus roseus was found to have significant improvements in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. It enhanced glucose metabolism and increased the expression of insulin receptors, alleviating symptoms of insulin resistance.
Article
Cell Biology
Benjamin S. Roberts, Chelsea Q. Yang, Saskia B. Neher
Summary: This study describes the insulin-dependent trafficking of LPL in adipocytes and compares it with the trafficking pathways of leptin and GLUT4. The results suggest that LPL has distinct subcellular localization and trafficking compared to other proteins.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco Diaz-Saez, Carla Blanco-Sinfreu, Adria Archilla-Ortega, David Sebastian, Montserrat Romero, Maria Isabel Hernandez-Alvarez, Silvia Mora, Xavier Testar, Wifredo Ricart, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real, Jose Maria Moreno-Navarrete, Julian Aragones, Marta Camps, Antonio Zorzano, Anna Guma
Summary: The downregulation of Nrg4 in adipocytes impairs insulin action, likely due to decreased insulin receptor and Glut4 proteins, while also increasing proinflammatory cytokine expression and upregulating proteins involved in autophagy. Restoring lysosomal activity can partially reverse these effects, indicating that Nrg4 plays a role in maintaining insulin responsiveness and regulating autophagy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gizem Ece Derici, Sibel Ozdas, Ipek Canatar, Murat Koc
Summary: The study explored the potential anti-diabetic effects of B. spergulifolius extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, showing reduced lipid accumulation, induced apoptosis, increased Glut-4 expression, and suppressed cell migration. These findings suggest that the extracts may contribute to reducing insulin-resistance in diabetes mellitus.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laurie B. Cook, Henry D. Ophardt, Rongkun Shen, Bryan H. Pratt, Lucas A. Galbier
Summary: Understanding adipocyte responsiveness to GPCR-derived signals requires consideration of membrane microenvironments, with specific sub-populations of proteins showing significant variation across regions of the cell. Differentiation from pre-adipocytes to adipocytes involves the development of a transient primary cilium, with the MCH receptor 1 translocating to this structure during early adipogenesis. RNA-Seq analysis reveals that MCH signaling is influenced by its receptor localization, impacting the adipogenic transcriptional program and revealing novel signaling pathways related to circadian rhythm, inflammatory response, and ciliary biogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These findings suggest potential unintended consequences of using MCH receptor 1 antagonists for clinical interventions on adipose tissue development.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daijiro Haba, Gojiro Nakagami, Takeo Minematsu, Hiromi Sanada
Summary: The study found that a LFV of 50 Hz, 1000 mVpp, 40 min/d, over 5 days was optimal for accelerating AMPK-mediated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco J. Cimas, Miguel Angel De la Cruz-Morcillo, Carmen Cifuentes, Natalia Moratalla-Lopez, Gonzalo L. Alonso, Eduardo Nava, Silvia Llorens
Summary: CCT, a saffron-derived apocarotenoid, has anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study found that CCT decreased glycerol release and lipid accumulation, inhibited key lipolytic enzymes, and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings suggest that CCT may be a promising compound for improving lipid mobilisation in obesity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chaiwat Monmai, Jin-Suk Kim, Hyun Bo Sim, Doh-Won Yun, Sung-Dug Oh, Eui-Shik Rha, Jong-Jin Kim, So-Hyeon Baek
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of extracts from transgenic rice on inhibiting adipogenesis and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the extracts significantly reduced lipid accumulation in cells and inhibited the expression of adipogenesis-related mRNA and inflammation-related factors. Therefore, transgenic rice may have potential as an obesity-reducing and/or -preventing agent.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bailing Zhao, Meihong Liu, Huimin Liu, Jiahan Xie, Jie Yan, Xiaobo Hou, Jingsheng Liu
Summary: ZEA stimulates the browning of adipocytes by increasing the expression of specific markers, while also promoting mitochondrial biogenesis to reduce lipid accumulation and improve energy metabolism. The promotion of browning and mitochondrial biogenesis by ZEA suggests potential therapeutic effects on obesity.
Article
Immunology
Ahmed Metwali, Sarah Winckler, Joseph F. Urban, Mark H. Kaplan, M. Nedim Ince, David E. Elliott
Summary: Intact but regulated T cell expression of Stat6 signaling is crucial for the regulation of pathogenic intestinal inflammation associated with helminth infection. Loss of Stat6 signaling may result in colitis that is not attenuated by helminth exposure.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Hanchen Li, Ambily Abraham, David Gazzola, Yan Hu, Gillian Beamer, Kelly Flanagan, Ernesto Soto, Florentina Rus, Zeynep Mirza, Austin Draper, Sridhar Vakalapudi, Cheryl Stockman, Perry Bain, Joseph F. Urban, Gary R. Ostroff, Raffi Aroian
Summary: Gastrointestinal nematodes have a negative impact on childhood growth, cognition, nutrition, education, productivity, income, and pregnancy. The development of an anthelmintic for mass drug administration must be safe, effective, inexpensive, stable without a cold chain, and massively scalable. The Bacillus thuringiensis Cry5B (IBaCC) has been proven to be a safe, inexpensive, highly effective, easy-to-manufacture, and scalable anthelmintic for treating human GINs.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zuojia Chen, Jialie Luo, Jian Li, Girak Kim, Andy Stewart, Joseph F. Urban, Yuefeng Huang, Shan Chen, Ling-Gang Wu, Alexander Chesler, Giorgio Trinchieri, Wei Li, Chuan Wu
Summary: The study demonstrates that interleukin-33 (IL-33) can induce serotonin (5-HT) release by activating enterochromaffin (EC) cells, subsequently regulating gut motility and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pritesh Desai, Hana Janova, James P. White, Glennys V. Reynoso, Heather D. Hickman, Megan T. Baldridge, Joseph F. Urban, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, Larissa B. Thackray, Michael S. Diamond
Summary: The study shows that infections with enteric helminths can increase mortality when coinfected with other pathogens, due to type 2 immune skewing. Additionally, activation of tuft cell-IL-4 receptor circuits in the gut exacerbates neurotropic virus infection and disease.
Article
Immunology
Bruce A. Rosa, Caroline Snowden, John Martin, Kerstin Fischer, Jonah Kupritz, Ethiopia Beshah, Taniawati Supali, Lincoln Gankpala, Peter U. Fischer, Joseph F. Urban, Makedonka Mitreva
Summary: This study utilized a combined 16S rRNA gene OTU analysis approach to identify bacterial taxa associated with whipworm infection in both humans and mice, revealing differences across host species and infection status. The study identified bacterial taxa of interest for future association and mechanistic studies, providing valuable insights into the interaction between whipworm infection and the host intestinal microbiome.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shumao Ye, Nirupa R. Matthan, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Gloria Solano-Aguilar, Jerrold R. Turner, Maura E. Walker, Zhi Chai, Sukla Lakshman, Celine Chen, Harry Dawson, Joseph F. Urban, Alice H. Lichtenstein
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of different diet qualities and statin therapy on coronary artery disease risk management. The research found that dietary patterns and atorvastatin therapy differentially altered gene expression, with atorvastatin having a more profound effect on gene expression than diet. In pigs not receiving atorvastatin, the Western-type diet upregulated the LXR/RXR Activation pathway, while atorvastatin therapy lowered the inflammatory status in pigs fed the heart healthy-type diet.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shumao Ye, Nirupa R. Matthan, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Gloria Solano Aguilar, Jerrold R. Turner, Maura E. Walker, Zhi Chai, Sukla Lakshman, Joseph F. Urban, Alice H. Lichtenstein
Summary: Diet quality and statin therapy have known effects on coronary artery disease (CAD) progression, but their impact on the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent sequelae for CAD are less explored. This study found that different dietary patterns significantly influenced gene expression associated with lipid metabolism, interferon signaling, and inflammation in the jejunum of Ossabaw pigs.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heping Cao, Kandan Sethumadhavan, Fangping Cao, Thomas T. Y. Wang
Summary: Plant polyphenol gossypol has anticancer activities and may increase cottonseed value as a health intervention agent. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of gossypol before human consumption is crucial. In this study, gossypol was found to significantly inhibit cell viability and regulate the expression of multiple genes in human colon cancer cells.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heping Cao, Kandan Sethumadhavan, Xiaoyu Wu, Xiaochun Zeng
Summary: This study investigated the regulatory effects of gossypol and ethanol extracts on cell viability and VEGF expression in mouse macrophages, revealing that gossypol reduced cell viability and increased VEGF mRNA and protein levels, while LPS had different effects on cell viability and VEGF expression.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhiguo Shen, Wenying Li, Yanli Li, Meilan Liu, Heping Cao, Nicholas Provart, Xin Ding, Meng Sun, Zhenghui Tang, Changping Yue, Yunpeng Cao, Deyi Yuan, Lin Zhang
Summary: This study sequenced and assembled the whole genome of a new type of wintersweet, revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color development among different wintersweet groups. Magnoliids are likely sister to the eudicots. Key genes and transcription factors regulating tepal color development were identified, laying the foundation for molecular breeding of wintersweet.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heping Cao, Kandan Sethumadhavan, Xiaoyu Wu, Xiaochun Zeng, Lin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of cottonseed extracts on cell viability and gene expression in human colon cancer cells. The results showed that cottonseed extracts had minor effects on cell viability, but glandless seed kernel extract significantly reduced mRNA levels of many genes involved in glucose transport, lipid biosynthesis, and inflammation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heping Cao, Kandan Sethumadhavan
Summary: This study aimed to select stable reference genes in human colon cancer cells treated with cottonseed-derived gossypol and bioactive extracts along with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results showed that Bcl2 mRNA was the most stable among the 55 mRNAs analyzed, and Gapdh and Rpl32 mRNAs were not suitable reference genes. These findings suggest that Bcl2 is a preferable reference gene for qPCR assays in human colon cancer cells treated with cottonseed-derived gossypol, bioactive extracts, and LPS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heping Cao, Kandan Sethumadhavan
Summary: This study revealed that gossypol induced cell death and decreased soluble protein content in mouse macrophages. It also significantly stimulated the expression of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory genes, as well as genes involved in glucose transport and the insulin signaling pathway in these cells.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heping Cao
Article
Biology
Heping Cao
Summary: This study investigated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human colon cancer cells. The results showed that LPS had no effect on cell viability, but affected the expression of a range of genes related to inflammation and cancer development. These findings reveal the significant impact of LPS on gene expression in human colon cancer cells.
BMC RESEARCH NOTES
(2023)
