Review
Oncology
Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Andrea Telese, Chiara Castellana, Rengin Melis Engin, Benjamin Norton, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Rehan Haidry
Summary: Barrett's oesophagus is a pathological condition characterized by the replacement of normal oesophageal squamous mucosa with specialised, intestinal-type metaplasia, which is strongly associated with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing Barrett's oesophagus to identify patients at high risk of developing neoplasia and guide appropriate endoscopic therapy.
Review
Oncology
Sarah Killcoyne, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Summary: Cancer cells evolve through DNA mutation, cell selection, and population expansion, driven by mutated driver genes and structural alterations to the genome. Early genomic instability in Barrett's esophagus (BE) may lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Understanding these patterns and genomic changes can improve early detection of EAC and provide insights into cancer evolution.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kit Curtius, Joel H. Rubenstein, Amitabh Chak, John M. Inadomi
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether Barrett's esophagus is the origin of all incident esophageal adenocarcinomas, and found that almost all cases of OAC could be attributed to Barrett's esophagus based on a computational model and population data.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yonne Peters, Evi van Grinsven, Peter D. Siersema
Summary: A positive family history of Barrett's oesophagus or oesophageal adenocarcinoma is a strong risk factor for both conditions, and can be a useful indicator for identifying high-risk individuals who may benefit from early detection strategies.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Leonardo H. Eusebi, Andrea Telese, Giovanna G. Cirota, Rehan Haidry, Rocco M. Zagari, Franco Bazzoli, Alexander C. Ford
Summary: Gastro-oesophageal reflux is the main risk factor for Barrett's oesophagus, with alcohol consumption and hiatal hernia showing the strongest association with its development. Other potential risk factors such as smoking and obesity did not show significant correlation.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Giovanna Grazia Cirota, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Alexander Charles Ford
Summary: Chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux can lead to the development of Barrett's oesophagus or oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Global prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus varies geographically and is significantly higher in men. Low-grade dysplasia is common in histologically confirmed cases of Barrett's oesophagus.
Review
Surgery
L. Tullie, A. Kelay, G. S. Bethell, C. Major, N. J. Hall
Summary: Patients born with oesophageal atresia have a relatively high prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus, especially in those who undergo endoscopic screening or surveillance. Despite a limited number of cancers, there is a need to consider the necessity of screening and surveillance.
Review
Oncology
Darragh O'Dowd, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Simone Marcone
Summary: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a type of cancer with poor patient outcomes. Surveillance programs for its precursor lesion, Barrett's oesophagus (BO), are expensive and unpleasant. Prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers can improve surveillance and early detection, while predictive biomarkers can enhance individualized therapy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jens Luebeck, Alvin Wei Tian Ng, Patricia C. Galipeau, Xiaohong Li, Carissa A. Sanchez, Annalise C. Katz-Summercorn, Hoon Kim, Sriganesh Jammula, Yudou He, Scott M. Lippman, Roel G. W. Verhaak, Carlo C. Maley, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Brian J. Reid, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Thomas G. Paulson, Howard Y. Chang, Sihan Wu, Vineet Bafna, Paul S. Mischel
Summary: Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) drives tumour evolution and treatment resistance, and is associated with poor outcomes for cancer patients. It is unclear whether ecDNA is a later manifestation of genomic instability or an early event in the transition from dysplasia to cancer. This study analyzed WGS data from patients with oesophageal ademocarcinoma (EAC) or Barrett's oesophagus to better understand the development of ecDNA.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Schroeder, Laura Chegwidden, Carlo Maj, Jan Gehlen, Jan Speller, Anne C. Boehmer, Oleg Borisov, Timo Hess, Nicole Kreuser, Marino Venerito, Hakan Alakus, Andrea May, Christian Gerges, Thomas Schmidt, Rene Thieme, Dominik Heider, Axel M. Hillmer, Julian Reingruber, Orestis Lyros, Arne Dietrich, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Matthias Mehdorn, Florian Lordick, Gertraud Stocker, Michael Hohaus, Daniel Reim, Jennis Kandler, Michaela Mueller, Alanna Ebigbo, Claudia Fuchs, Christiane J. Bruns, Arnulf H. Holscher, Hauke Lang, Peter P. Grimminger, Dani Dakkak, Yogesh Vashist, Sandra May, Siegfried Gorg, Andre Franke, David Ellinghaus, Sara Galavotti, Lothar Veits, Josef Weismuller, Jens Dommermuth, Udo Benner, Thomas Roesch, Helmut Messmann, Brigitte Schumacher, Horst Neuhaus, Carsten Schmidt, Thaddaus T. Wissinowski, Markus M. Noethen, Jing Dong, Jue-Sheng Ong, Matthew F. Buas, Aaron P. Thrift, Thomas L. Vaughan, Ian Tomlinson, David C. Whiteman, Rebecca Claire Fitzgerald, Janusz Jankowski, Michael Vieth, Andreas Mayr, Puya Gharahkhani, Stuart MacGregor, Ines Gockel, Claire Palles, Johannes Schumacher
Summary: This study utilized GWAS, genetic correlation analysis, and polygenic risk modeling to investigate the genetic causes of BE/EA. The findings identified new risk loci and candidate genes associated with BE/EA development. The study also revealed differences in the etiology of BE and EA and demonstrated improved risk prediction models when combining PRS with risk factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying BE/EA and improve our understanding of the disease.
Article
Oncology
Ewelina Flis, Gillian Barber, Ciara Nulty, Brian Keogh, Peter McGuirk, Akanksha Anand, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Michael Quante, Emma M. Creagh
Summary: The activation of TLR2 in Barrett's organoids and esophageal cancer cells can amplify inflammation and promote cancer development. Neutralizing TLR2 efficiently blocks its inflammatory effects, suggesting TLR2 targeting as a potential therapeutic approach to limit esophageal disease and cancer progression.
Article
Pathology
Kevan J. Salimian, Jacqueline Birkness-Gartman, Kevin M. Waters
Summary: This review summarizes the important steps and features in the progression from reflux esophagitis to Barrett esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The histological features of these entities are discussed, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management. The definition of Barrett esophagus is a contentious topic, and the assessment of dysplasia in esophageal adenocarcinoma remains challenging. Emerging targeted therapies and ancillary tests are also discussed.
Review
Oncology
Hollie A. Clements, Tim J. Underwood, Russell D. Petty
Summary: Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction is a major cause of cancer death in the Western World, with increasing incidence. The overall survival of patients on a potentially curative treatment pathway has significantly improved by adding perioperative oncological therapies to surgery. However, patients often have poor response to oncological treatment or struggle to complete their treatment after surgery.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jue-Sheng Ong, Jiyuan An, Xikun Han, Matthew H. Law, Priyanka Nandakumar, Johannes Schumacher, Ines Gockel, Anne Bohmer, Janusz Jankowski, Claire Palles, Catherine M. Olsen, Rachel E. Neale, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Aaron P. Thrift, Thomas L. Vaughan, Matthew F. Buas, David A. Hinds, Puya Gharahkhani, Bradley J. Kendall, Stuart MacGregor
Summary: Researchers identified numerous novel risk loci for GERD and BE using a multitrait GWAS model, providing strong evidence for a genetic basis of disease heterogeneity in GERD. They showed that GERD loci associated with obesity are better predictors of BE/EA compared to those associated with depressive symptoms.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emily L. Black, Emma Ococks, Ginny Devonshire, Alvin Wei Tian Ng, Maria O'Donovan, Shalini Malhotra, Monika Tripathi, Ahmad Miremadi, Adam Freeman, Hannah Coles, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Summary: The controversy of whether gastric metaplasia should be considered as Barrett's esophagus is explored in this study. Through clinical and genomic analysis, the researchers found that the malignant potential of gastric metaplasia is lower than intestinal metaplasia. Therefore, the inclusion of gastric metaplasia in the surveillance of Barrett's esophagus is questionable.