Review
Neurosciences
Haoyang Tian, Haozheng Zhu, Chenhao Gao, Mingxia Shi, Dekun Yang, Mingyu Jin, Fenghua Wang, Xiaohong Sui
Summary: During the past decades, the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human health have gained significant attention worldwide. While there have been guidelines for magnetic field limits, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of ELF-EMFs on organisms and systems, particularly the induced electrotherapy and potential impacts on human health under different frequencies and fields. This article systematically reviews the in vivo experimental outcomes and corresponding mechanisms to provide insights into the safety considerations of ELF-EMFs and advance the future application of electrotherapy in human health.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wanqiu Chen, Yingrong Zhang, Zhenhua Shi
Summary: This study found that exposure to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF can enhance the pathogenicity, growth rate, and conidia generation of Magnaporthe oryzae. The exposed M. oryzae also showed increased tolerance to cell wall-perturbing agents and increased expression of cell wall integrity-related genes. These findings present new challenges for understanding the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on farmland ecology, especially on agricultural diseases.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yingjiao Li, Chaoxia Sun, He Zhou, Hongji Huang, Yijie Chen, Xinle Duan, Shaokang Huang, Jianghong Li
Summary: This study investigated the effects of ELF-EMFs on honeybee larvae. The results showed that ELF-EMF exposure decreased the survival rate and body weight of larvae, extended the duration of development, and seriously interfered with their growth and development.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhizhou Huang, Mikako Ito, Shaochuan Zhang, Takuro Toda, Jun-ichi Takeda, Tomoo Ogi, Kinji Ohno
Summary: This study found that exposure to ELF-EMF for 3 hours can activate acetylation of HSPs, enhance protein folding, and have positive effects on cells.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulio Gualdi, Erica Costantini, Marcella Reale, Paolo Amerio
Summary: Wound healing is a complex process involving various dynamic phases like hemostasis, inflammation, new tissue formation, and tissue remodeling. Infection with biofilm presence is a key factor leading to chronic wounds. The interaction between ELF-EMFs and healing can effectively modulate inflammation and tissue remodeling processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Neha Agrawal, Kalyani Verma, Doli Baghel, Amitabh Chauhan, Dipti N. Prasad, Sanjeev K. Sharma, Ekta Kohli
Summary: Results showed that ELF-EMF had significant effects on the crawling ability, survival rate, and oxidative stress of Drosophila melanogaster, especially in acute exposure of third-stage instar larvae and chronic exposure (from egg to adult fly stage).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Mojdeh Barati, Behrad Darvishi, Mohammad Amin Javidi, Ali Mohammadian, Seyed Peyman Shariatpanahi, Mohammad Reza Eisavand, Alireza Madjid Ansari
Summary: The induction of apoptosis in exposed cells by ELF-EMF is controversial, with studies showing conflicting results. The cellular stress response following ELF-EMF exposure may play a critical role in modulating apoptotic effects, highlighting the key factor influencing discrepancies in observations.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Cios, Martyna Ciepielak, Wanda Stankiewicz, Lukasz Szymanski
Summary: The variety of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources in our environment, including high-voltage lines, household appliances, mobile phones, and radar devices, is increasing due to the development of new technologies and industry. Despite many studies on the effects of EMF on human health, no significant effects have been found on mammals, including humans. Additionally, it is not fully understood how EMF influences cell behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maryam Sadat Nezamtaheri, Bahram Goliaei, Seyed Peyman Shariatpanahi, Alireza Madjid Ansari
Summary: The impact of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on living cells is specific and depends on the biological state of the cell. Long-term exposure to ELF-EMF inhibits proliferation and induces cell death and morphological changes in adherent cells. Suspended cells differentiate and decrease in number after exposure to ELF-EMF.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei Xia, Yu Zheng, Lei Dong, Chunxiao Tian
Summary: The study found that the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on neurons is mediated by the Ca2+/calcineurin pathway, and the magnetic field effect disappeared after blocking this pathway. This provides a new method for studying the specific mechanisms of action of ELF-EMF on learning and memory.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Fatemeh Aalami Zavareh, Soheila Abdi, Maliheh Entezari
Summary: The study found that the cell viability of AGS cells decreased under exposure to 0.2 and 2 mT EMFs. Additionally, up-regulation of miR-144 and miR-375 was observed in AGS cells under the exposure of magnetic fields. The results suggest that weak and moderate intermittent 50 Hz ELF-EMFs can induce changes in miRNA expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Dariusz Leszczynski
Summary: Some people believe they are sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, but the quality of scientific research has been insufficient to prove the link between sensitivity and exposure to EMF.
REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Chun-Hong Chen, Hsiang-Pin Huang, Ling-Sheng Jang, Min-Haw Wang
Summary: The study presented an electrical equivalent model with microtubules for analyzing the division process of human breast cancer cells under ELF-EMF. It was found that ELF-EMF influences the assembly of microtubules, which in turn affects cell spreading, mitosis, and division stages.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cen Ze-Nan, Huang Wei-Wei, Bao Jia-Li, Zheng Xiu-Xiu, Zhu Chao-Yang
Summary: The study proposed a method for real-time observation of the effects of ELF-EMFs on hippocampal neurons, finding that ROS and Ca2+ exhibited complex real-time response characteristics to ELF-EMFs, with delayed and inconsistent responses, as well as dose-dependent relationships.
PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Henry Lai
Summary: This article reviews studies on the neurological effects of static/extremely-low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF), including the impact on neurotransmitters, behavioral effects, pathological effects, and treatment potential for neurological diseases. The results suggest that the effects of electromagnetic fields depend on the conditions of exposure.
ELECTROMAGNETIC BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)