Review
Cell Biology
Don A. Davies, Aida Adlimoghaddam, Benedict C. Albensi
Summary: Nrf2 impairments in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, lead to oxidative stress, while Nrf2 activators can reverse memory and synaptic plasticity impairments associated with AD.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Keke Hu, Emily Relton, Nicolas Locker, Nhu T. N. Phan, Andrew G. Ewing
Summary: SGs encapsulate ROS, predominantly H2O2, and may act as communicators of cellular stress, regulating cellular metabolism and stress responses to provide cytoprotection in pathological conditions.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Nikolay T. Tzvetkov, Maya G. Georgieva, Iliyan V. Ognyanov, Karolina Kordos, Artur Jozwik, Toni Kuhl, George Perry, Maria Cristina Petralia, Emanuela Mazzon, Atanas G. Atanasov
Summary: This research analyzed the literature on neurodegenerative diseases associated with ROS, identifying the US as the major contributor, the 21st century as the main publication time, and China, South Korea, and India as emerging major contributors. The study primarily focused on diseases such as AD, PD, and ALS, with future research directions emphasizing mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and nuclear factor 2 related factor 2.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sang Kien Truong, Takasumi Katoh, Soichiro Mimuro, Tsunehisa Sato, Kensuke Kobayashi, Yoshiki Nakajima
Summary: The study found that 2% hydrogen gas significantly improved the survival rate of heat-stroked rats and partially preserved the thickness of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx. Inhalation of 2% hydrogen attenuated damage to the vascular endothelial glycocalyx through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing serum levels of endotoxin, syndecan-1, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, while increasing superoxide dismutase levels.
Article
Immunology
Grace C. O'Regan, Sahar H. Farag, Caroline S. Casey, Alison Wood-Kaczmar, Jennifer M. Pocock, Sarah J. Tabrizi, Ralph Andre
Summary: The study demonstrated that human Huntington's disease pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia are hyper-reactive due to their autonomous expression of mutant HTT, providing a cellular mechanism for the potential contribution of neuroinflammation to the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Thais Teixeira Oliveira, Leonam Gomes Coutinho, Laysa Ohana Alves de Oliveira, Ana Rafaela de Souza Timoteo, Guilherme Cavalcanti Farias, Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
Summary: APE1 is a multifunctional enzyme that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune response. It plays important roles in cell signaling, senescence, and inflammatory pathways, and is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. APE1 inhibitors have potential therapeutic uses, particularly in infectious and immune diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James Olukayode Olopade, Oluwaseun Ahmed Mustapha, Olanrewaju Ifeoluwa Fatola, Ejiro Ighorodje, Oluwabusayo Racheal Folarin, Funmilayo Eniola Olopade, Irene Chizubelu Omile, Adedunsola Ajike Obasa, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Matthew Ayokunle Olude, Alana Maureen Thackray, Raymond Bujdoso
Summary: Pollution by heavy metals poses a threat to public health, especially the brain. This study used African giant rats as sentinel hosts to evaluate the impact of heavy metal accumulation on the brain. Zinc, copper, and iron were found to be the major heavy metals in the brain and serum of the rats, with iron levels being the highest in animals from oil-polluted areas. Brain pathology, including inflammation and oxidative stress, was most severe in rats from the most polluted region. The study suggests that local and contextual neuropathologies can result from environmental pollution, and highlights the African giant rat as a suitable sentinel for ecotoxicological studies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maja Jazvinscak Jembrek, Nada Orsolic, Lucija Mandic, Anja Sadzak, Suzana Segota
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of disability and death worldwide, with pathways involving transcription factors playing a critical role in the pathological changes associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This review focuses on the role of transcription factor p53 in coordinating cellular response and potential therapeutic interventions using natural polyphenolic compounds with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these compounds for potential new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ju Won Eom, Joo Weon Lim, Hyeyoung Kim
Summary: Anticancer agents induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activating NADPH oxidase, and promoting DNA fragmentation.
Review
Oncology
Zilan Zhu, Ziyi Zheng, Jian Liu
Summary: COVID-19 and lung cancer have dysregulated signaling pathways, with ROS playing a crucial role. The activation of inflammation pathways affects the development of both diseases, while the NRF2 pathway shows opposite trends between them. The modulation of ROS signaling pathways may alleviate the potentially mutual impacts between COVID-19 and lung cancer patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Ting Du, Ying Long, Wei Tang, Xue-Feng Liu, Fang Dai, Bo Zhou
Summary: The study found that vitamin C can form an efficient redox cycle with intracellular glutathione and copper ions, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn inhibits NF-kappa B-mediated inflammation.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pamela Maher
Summary: High glucose favors NO production, but pro-inflammatory cytokine production is highest in the presence of carbon sources that drive OXPHOS. Glutamine is a very potent inducer of IL6 production among carbon sources that drive OXPHOS, and this effect is dampened in the presence of glucose. These findings may offer new prospects for the therapeutic manipulation of neuroinflammation in the context of diabetes and AD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsung-Jui Wu, Yi-Jen Hsieh, Chia-Wen Lu, Chung-Jen Lee, Bang-Gee Hsu
Summary: Linagliptin ameliorated endotoxin-shock-induced acute kidney injury by reducing ROS via AMPK pathway activation and suppressing the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in conscious rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta, Petr Slama, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
Summary: Inflammation and oxidative stress are core causatives of male infertility, with a close connection between the two. Inflammation leads to elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators in the male reproductive tract, while oxidative stress causes oxidative damage to reproductive cells and intracellular components.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qinglei Xu, Mingzheng Liu, Xiaohuan Chao, Chunlei Zhang, Huan Yang, Jiahao Chen, Chengxin Zhao, Bo Zhou
Summary: This study evaluated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of acidifiers on intestinal epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress. The results showed that acidifiers attenuated oxidative stress, improved antioxidant capacity, reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, decreased cell permeability, enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function, and attenuated inflammatory responses. Acidifiers also regulated the NF-kappa B/MAPK/COX-2 signaling pathways, promoted epithelial cell proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis. These findings highlight the importance of acidifiers in protecting intestinal health.
Article
Neurosciences
Nidheesh Thadathil, David F. Delotterie, Jianfeng Xiao, Roderick Hori, Michael P. McDonald, Mohammad Moshahid Khan
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration with accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) playing an important role in its pathogenesis. Studies have shown increased DNA DSB accumulation and reduced repair function in the hippocampus of AD brains compared to non-AD brains. Additionally, altered levels of DNA repair proteins were observed in AD mouse models and cellular models, highlighting the potential influence of DNA DSB and repair proteins in the pathway toward neural damage and memory loss in AD.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nidheesh Thadathil, Jianfeng Xiao, Roderick Hori, Stephen E. Alway, Mohammad Moshahid Khan
Summary: The study demonstrated that the brain-selective estrogen prodrug DHED can alleviate the PD-like symptoms induced by MPTP in mice, including behavioral impairments and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, DHED was found to reduce levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in the striatum.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Pradeep K. Shukla, David F. Delotterie, Jianfeng Xiao, Joseph F. Pierre, RadhaKrishna Rao, Michael P. McDonald, Mohammad Moshahid Khan
Summary: Recent studies have shown a potential link between dysbiotic gut microbiota and neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease progression, with elevated gut NLRP3 expression correlating with peripheral inflammasome activation. Modulation of gut microbiota composition could be a potential strategy for treating neuroinflammation in AD.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Christopher Meaney, Michael Escobar, Rahim Moineddin, Therese A. Stukel, Sumeet Kalia, Babak Aliarzadeh, Tao Chen, Braden O'Neill, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study uses non-negative matrix factorization to learn a temporal topic model that characterizes the diverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical/mental/social health of residents in Toronto, Canada. Analyzing a large collection of primary care clinical notes, the study uncovers many pandemic-related effects, including direct effects on patient health and indirect effects on mental health, sleep, social dynamics, and healthcare utilization. The study also identifies changes in primary care practice patterns resulting from the pandemic, such as changes in electronic medical records and the adoption of telemedicine.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Michel G. Tremblay, Dany S. Sibai, Melissa Valere, Jean-Clement Mars, Frederic Lessard, Roderick T. Hori, Mohammad Moshahid Khan, Victor Y. Stefanovsky, Mark S. LeDoux, Tom Moss
Summary: The translation discusses the cellular mechanisms involved in the transcription of mouse and human ribosomal RNA genes, the cooperative relationship between UBTF and SL1 in cell growth and gene activation, and the impact of gene mutations on gene expression and cellular development.
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Mylaine Breton, Melanie Ann Smithman, Sara A. Kreindler, Jalila Jbilou, Sabrina T. Wong, Emily Gard Marshall, Martin Sasseville, Jason M. Sutherland, Valorie A. Crooks, Jay Shaw, Damien Contandriopoulos, Astrid Brousselle, Michael Green
Summary: This study compares empirical evidence from a qualitative case study of CWLs for unattached patients in seven Canadian provinces to programme theory derived from a realist review on CWLs. Results identify mechanisms involved in three components of CWL design: patient registration, patient prioritization, and patient assignment to a provider for attachment. The study provides new insight into mechanisms that enable CWLs for unattached patients to work.
EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kimberly Lazare, Sumeet Kalia, Babak Aliarzadeh, Steven Bernard, Rahim Moineddin, David Eisen, Michelle Greiver, David Kaplan, David Koczerginski, Maria Muraca, Wai Lun Alan Fung, Braden O'Neill
Summary: This study utilized an integrated primary-secondary care database in Toronto to examine the utilization of hospital and primary care services among individuals with mental health conditions or addictions. The findings revealed that individuals with mental health diagnoses accessed healthcare services at higher rates compared to those without such diagnoses, and there were long wait times for specialized psychiatric care.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Scott R. Garrison, Michael R. Kolber, G. Michael Allan, Jeffrey Bakal, Lee Green, Alexander Singer, Darryl R. Trueman, Finlay A. McAlister, Raj S. Padwal, Michael D. Hill, Braden Manns, Kimberlyn McGrail, Braden O'Neill, Michelle Greiver, Liesbeth S. Froentjes, Donna P. Manca, Dee Mangin, Sabrina T. Wong, Cathy MacLean, Jessica Em Kirkwood, Rita McCracken, James P. McCormack, Colleen Norris, Tina Korownyk
Summary: The BedMed trial aims to evaluate whether bedtime antihypertensive administration can reduce cardiovascular events. The trial will continue until 254 primary outcome events have occurred, with 3227 participants currently enrolled.
Article
Primary Health Care
Maggie Siu, Rachael Morkem, David Barber, John Queenan, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study explored the comprehensiveness of care in patients with depression by examining the associations between a diagnosis of depression, frequency of primary care visits, and completion of Papanicolaou test. The results showed that having a diagnosis of depression was associated with a lower likelihood of completing the Pap test. However, women with depression who had more primary care visits were more likely to be screened for cervical cancer.
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)
Review
Medical Informatics
Christopher Meaney, Therese A. Stukel, Peter C. Austin, Rahim Moineddin, Michelle Greiver, Michael Escobar
Summary: This study reviews several methods for assessing the quality of unsupervised topic models and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. By using different metrics and human judgement, it is found that different quality indices have different impacts on model selection.
BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
P. Alison Paprica, Monique Crichlow, Donna Curtis Maillet, Sarah Kesselring, Conrad Pow, Thomas P. Scarnecchia, Michael J. Schull, Rosario G. Cartagena, Annabelle Cumyn, Salman Dostmohammad, Keith O. Elliston, Michelle Greiver, Amy Hawn Nelson, Sean L. Hill, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Evgueni Loukipoudis, James Ted McDonald, John R. McLaughlin, Alan Rabinowitz, Fahad Razak, Stefaan G. Verhulst, Amol A. Verma, J. Charles Victor, Andrew Young, Joanna Yu, Kimberlyn McGrail
Summary: This article introduces a project conducted by an international team to test and refine the minimum specification essential requirements (min specs). Through analysis and discussion, an updated set of 15 min specs covering various categories has been integrated into a Canadian national standard. These specifications help organizations and initiatives communicate and compare their responsible and trustworthy data governance and management practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POPULATION DATA SCIENCE (IJPDS)
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Tu N. Nguyen, Sumeet Kalia, Peter Hanlon, Bhautesh D. Jani, Barbara I. Nicholl, Chelsea D. Christie, Babak Aliarzadeh, Rahim Moineddin, Christopher Harrison, Clara Chow, Martin Fortin, Frances S. Mair, Michelle Greiver
Summary: This study investigated the association between multimorbidity and blood pressure control in people with hypertension attending primary care in Canada. The study found that multimorbidity was associated with better blood pressure control, with conditions such as diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, schizophrenia, depression/anxiety, dementia, and osteoarthritis being associated with a lower likelihood of uncontrolled blood pressure.
JOURNAL OF PRIMARY CARE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jennifer Shuldiner, Tara Kiran, Payal Agarwal, Maryam Daneshvarfard, Kirsten Eldridge, Susie Kim, Michelle Greiver, Iffat Jokhio, Noah Ivers
Summary: This study utilized A&F theory and user-centered design to develop a web-based primary care A&F dashboard. By incorporating user interview data and the team's experience, we designed a dashboard that meets the needs and goals of physicians, including addressing data skepticism, spurring action, and supporting physician engagement in quality improvement work.
JMIR HUMAN FACTORS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katrina A. D'Urzo, Itamar E. Tamari, Kenneth R. Chapman, M. Reza Maleki-Yazdi, Michelle Greiver, Ross Eg Upshur, Lana Biro, Braden O'Neill, Rahim Moineddin, Babak Aliarzadeh, Kulamakan Kulasegaram, Teresa To, Anthony D. D'Urzo
Summary: This study aims to address the poor co-ordination of care between primary care and specialist settings in managing severe asthma through the establishment of a severe asthma registry and an educational programme for primary care providers. This manuscript describes the first phase of the study, which involves establishing criteria for diagnosing severe asthma, creating a severe asthma registry, and defining a Clinician Behaviour Index (CBI) based on electronic-medical record data.
Article
Primary Health Care
Hamidreza Goodarzynejad, Christopher Meaney, Paula Brauer, Michelle Greiver, Rahim Moineddin, Alan A. Monavvari
Summary: The study reveals a modest increase in average BMI among Canadian adults between 2011 and 2016. Male patients have higher BMI on average compared to female patients, and young adults show the fastest increase in BMI compared to older adults. These findings suggest that current obesity management in primary care fails to moderate weight gain in different age and sex groups, emphasizing the need for preventive measures targeting younger individuals.
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.