Review
Cell Biology
Shaorong Ma, Yi Zuo
Summary: Synapses are crucial for neuronal communication and play a role in learning and memory through activity-dependent modifications. Recent advances in high-resolution imaging techniques have allowed researchers to monitor and manipulate the structure and function of synapses both in vitro and in vivo.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Asan Yalmaz Hasan Almulla, Rasim Mogulkoc, Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci, Dervis Dasdelen
Summary: Learning and memory are remarkable abilities of the human mind, with the hippocampus playing a crucial role in the neurogenesis process. Constant production of new neurons and integration into neural circuits allows for the replacement of old memories with new ones. Flavonoids have a positive impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, improving learning and memory.
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Martin Stacho, Denise Manahan-Vaughan
Summary: Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are cellular mechanisms related to learning and memory. LTD has a specific role in hippocampus-dependent associative learning and information encoding, reducing excitatory synapses and restricting the effects of LTP. It acts in conjunction with LTP to contribute to learning.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruidong Wan, Ziqi Zhao, Min Zhao, Ke Hu, Jiaxin Zhai, Hongxian Yu, Qing Wei
Summary: Yaks have fully developed pulmonary alveoli at birth, but interalveolar thickness increases with age, along with a gradual rise in lung microvessel density. The expression levels of Vegfa and Epas1 are highest in 30-day old yaks and lowest in adults, indicating that the key period of yak lung development is from 30 to 180 days.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Daymara Merceron-Martinez, William Almaguer-Melian, Jorge A. Bergado
Summary: Synaptic plasticity is crucial for learning and memory, and impaired plasticity can lead to memory deficits. Stimulation of the basolateral amygdala post-training can improve spatial learning and memory in lesioned rats by influencing the expression of plasticity-related genes in memory-associated brain regions. Both trained and BLA-stimulated lesioned rats showed significantly improved LTP in the dentate gyrus compared to non-trained lesioned rats, indicating a potential mechanism for ameliorating memory deficits.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Michurina, M. Sadman Sakib, Cemil Kerimoglu, Dennis Manfred Krueger, Lalit Kaurani, Md Rezaul Islam, Parth Devesh Joshi, Sophie Schroder, Tonatiuh Pena Centeno, Jiayin Zhou, Ranjit Pradhan, Julia Cha, Xingbo Xu, Gregor Eichele, Elisabeth M. Zeisberg, Andrea Kranz, A. Francis Stewart, Andre Fischer
Summary: The research revealed that Setd1b plays a role in controlling the expression of a set of neuron-specific genes associated with learning and memory function in the postnatal mammalian brain. SETD1B has a more pronounced and potent role in regulating these genes, and its postnatal loss leads to severe learning impairment.
Article
Neurosciences
Lorenzo More, Lucia Privitera, Philippa Perrett, Daniel D. Cooper, Manuel Van Gijsel Bonnello, J. Simon C. Arthur, Bruno G. Frenguelli
Summary: The transcription factor CREB plays a crucial role in regulating physiological functions in the central nervous system. Recent research has focused on the phosphorylation of the S133 residue in CREB, which is required for its transcriptional activation. Previous studies using molecular genetic techniques have resulted in conflicting results, possibly due to the manipulation of endogenous CREB. In this study, the researchers generated a postnatal and forebrain-specific mutant of CREB S133A to avoid potential complications. The findings show that CREB S133 is necessary for spatial cognitive flexibility, basal synaptic transmission, and long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, highlighting its importance in neuronal function, synaptic plasticity, and cognition.
Article
Neurosciences
Madeleine Kyrke-Smith, Lenora J. Volk, Samuel F. Cooke, Mark F. Bear, Richard L. Huganir, Jason D. Shepherd
Summary: Research shows that mice lacking the Arc gene do not exhibit deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), indicating that Arc is not necessary for LTP in the hippocampus.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mohammad Amani, Forouzan Mohammadian, Nastaran Golitabari, Ali-Akbar Salari
Summary: Early life alteration in the activity of GABA receptors can have long-lasting effects on brain development and behavior. This study found that neonatal activation of GABA receptors with muscimol altered the electrophysiology profile of hippocampal neurons in adult rats, leading to deficits in spatial learning and memory. The study also suggested that this activation may result in reduced levels of BDNF.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel B. Dorman, Kim T. Blackwell
Summary: Synaptic plasticity, the experience-induced change in connections between neurons, plays a crucial role in learning and memory. This study investigates how spatiotemporal synaptic input patterns produce plasticity under in vivo-like conditions. The findings reveal the robustness of plasticity to trial-to-trial variability of spike timing and derive general rules describing the control of plasticity by spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic inputs.
Article
Neurosciences
Karl Peter Giese
Summary: Autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) plays a critical role in synaptic potentiation by allowing kinase signaling to outlast NMDA receptor-dependent calcium influx. However, the role of CaMKII is conditional, depending on the developmental stage and location of the synapse.
Article
Neurosciences
Haiwang Zhang, Youssif Ben Zablah, An Liu, Dongju Lee, Haorui Zhang, Yanghong Meng, Changxi Zhou, Xingde Liu, Yiming Wang, Zhengping Jia
Summary: It has been found that abnormalities in the LIMK1/cofilin signaling pathway in hippocampal excitatory neurons contribute to cognitive impairments and social memory deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, but manipulation of LIMK1/cofilin activity can improve these issues.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marlusa Karlen-Amarante, I. P. Isabela, Pedro L. Katayama, Eduardo Colombari, Paloma G. Bittencourt-Silva, Miguel F. Menezes, D. B. Zoccal
Summary: Exposure to postnatal chronic intermittent hypoxia (pCIH) increases the risk of developing cardiorespiratory diseases in adulthood. This study found that pCIH led to elevated arterial pressure levels and increased sympathetic-mediated variability in early adult life. The excessive sympathetic activity persisted until adulthood and contributed to the development of high blood pressure and variability, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Review
Cell Biology
Daniel Choquet, Patricio Opazo
Summary: This article reviews the evidence supporting the role of AMPAR lateral diffusion in limiting the rate of LTP and its importance in learning and memory. The authors propose multiple solutions for achieving the diffusion trapping of AMPAR during LTP, mainly through interactions with other proteins. The role of AMPAR lateral diffusion not only provides a conceptual leap in our understanding of memory, but also holds potential as a therapeutic target for memory-related disorders.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Alejandra Romo-Araiza, Rocio I. Picazo-Aguilar, Ernesto Griego, Luis A. Marquez, Emilio J. Galvan, Yolanda Cruz, Ana Maria Fernandez-Presas, Almudena Chavez-Guerra, Roxana Rodriguez-Barrera, Ana P. Azpiri-Cardos, Claudia Rosas-Quintero, Ricardo Jasso-Chavez, Cesar V. Borlongan, Antonio Ibarra
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of symbiotics supplementation on cognitive impairment induced by high fat and sugar diets. The results showed that symbiotic-supplemented rats had better memory, butyrate concentrations, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity enhancement.
CELL TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.