Article
Neurosciences
Karlis A. Justs, Zhongmin Lu, Amit K. Chouhan, Jolanta A. Borycz, Zhiyuan Lu, Ian A. Meinertzhagen, Gregory T. Macleod
Summary: Neurons require stable energy supply and optimize mitochondrial volume and density according to presynaptic power demands.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erica L. Underwood, John B. Redell, Kimberly N. Hood, Mark E. Maynard, Michael Hylin, M. Neal Waxham, Jing Zhao, Anthony N. Moore, Pramod K. Dash
Summary: Prominent features of long-term memory formation include protein synthesis, gene expression, enhanced neurotransmitter release, increased excitability, and formation of new synapses. This study found that mitochondrial respiration and dynamics play a crucial role in memory formation. Fear training was shown to increase mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) in specific regions of the hippocampus, and inhibition of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) decreased OCR and impaired contextual fear memory. These findings suggest that enhanced energy production in pre-synaptic terminals is necessary for context fear memory.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Richard E. Frye, Loic Lionnard, Indrapal Singh, Mohammad A. Karim, Hanane Chajra, Mathilde Frechet, Karima Kissa, Victor Racine, Amrit Ammanamanchi, Patrick John McCarty, Leanna Delhey, Marie Tippett, Shannon Rose, Abdel Aouacheria
Summary: This study found that changes in mitochondrial morphology in children with ASD were associated with the activity of ETC complexes and symptom severity. ASD participants with elevated Complex IV activity showed more typical mitochondrial morphology and milder symptoms. Further research is needed to explore the molecular mechanisms behind these unique metabolic changes.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sanja Skulj, Zlatko Brkljaca, Jurgen Kreiter, Elena E. Pohl, Mario Vazdar
Summary: Molecular dynamics simulations of uncoupling proteins present a challenge due to the lack of available structural data. In this study, a combination of homology modelling and MD simulations of UCP2 revealed a structure impermeable to water. Additionally, results from conductance measurements in model membranes suggest that the UCP2 structure modeled from ANT protein possesses key functional elements related to proton transport.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Letter
Plant Sciences
Philippe Fuchs, Elisenda Feixes-Prats, Paulo Arruda, Elias Feitosa-Araujo, Alisdair R. Fernie, Christopher Grefen, Sophie Lichtenauer, Nicole Linka, Ivan de Godoy Maia, Andreas J. Meyer, Soeren Schilasky, Lee J. Sweetlove, Stefanie Wege, Andreas P. M. Weber, A. Harvey Millar, Olivier Keech, Igor Florez-Sarasa, Pedro Barreto, Markus Schwarzlaender
Summary: UCP2 is localized to the Golgi, unlike its close homolog UCP1, which is abundant in the mitochondria.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mate Katona, Adam Bartok, Zuzana Nichtova, Gyorgy Csordas, Elena Berezhnaya, David Weaver, Arijita Ghosh, Peter Varnai, David Yule, Gyorgy Hajnoczky
Summary: The study reveals that the IP3 receptor traffics in and out of ER-Mitochondria contacts, and when trapped, enhances calcium signaling to stimulate energy metabolism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shankar Ramachandran, Shelagh Rodgriguez, Mariana Potcoava, Simon Alford
Summary: This study investigates the number, subtypes, and locations of Ca2+ channels involved in neurotransmitter release at central synapses. By using single channel analysis and lattice light-sheet microscopy, the researchers discovered that a small pool of Ca2+ channels, comprising N-, P/Q-, and R-subtypes, are available to gate neurotransmitter release. They also found that as few as one channel may trigger neurotransmitter release. These findings provide important insights into the understanding of Ca2+ channel and synaptic dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David G. Nicholls
Summary: This review examines the mechanisms underlying non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue mediated by UCP1, emphasizing the experimental evidence and physiological constraints. It also discusses the nature of endogenous proton leak and evaluates the troubled history of putative novel uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP3.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hilary Y. Liu, Jenna R. Gale, Ian J. Reynolds, John H. Weiss, Elias Aizenman
Summary: Zinc plays essential roles in cellular functions in the brain, but can also induce harmful cascades in neurons, particularly targeting mitochondria. Understanding the mechanisms of zinc-induced mitochondrial defects in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration may present novel therapeutic targets in clinical settings.
Article
Oncology
Haowen Jiang, Rachel L. Greathouse, Sarah Jane Tiche, Man Zhao, Bo He, Yang Li, Albert M. Li, Balint Forgo, Michaela Yip, Allison Li, Moriah Shih, Selene Banuelos, Meng-Ning Zhou, Joshua J. Gruber, Erinn B. Rankin, Zhen Hu, Hiroyuki Shimada, Bill Chiu, Jiangbin Ye
Summary: The Warburg effect is the major metabolic hallmark of cancer. In this study, researchers found that treating neuroblastoma cells with the mitochondrial uncoupler NEN can induce neural differentiation by altering metabolic and epigenetic pathways.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linlin Zhang, Jingyi Qi, Xu Zhang, Xiya Zhao, Peng An, Yongting Luo, Junjie Luo
Summary: Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy metabolism and the generation of oxygen free radicals, and also play a crucial role in cell death. Ca2+ acts as a messenger for cell proliferation and death, and is involved in the energy metabolism, physiology, and pathology of mitochondria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yu Chen, Ping Li, Xiangyan Chen, Ran Yan, Yixi Zhang, Meng Wang, Xiang Qin, Shun Li, Chuan Zheng, Fengming You, Tingting Li, Yiyao Liu
Summary: This study revealed a new mechanism by which ER-MITO calcium transport regulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy through Drp1 translocation in response to soft substrates. Soft ECM increased calcium levels in tumor tissue and impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Inhibition of Drp1 activity enhanced soft ECM-induced tumor necrosis. These findings provide valuable insights into ECM stiffness as a potential target for antitumor therapy.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clemens L. Schoepf, Cornelia Ablinger, Stefanie M. Geisler, Ruslan Stanika, Marta Campiglio, Walter A. Kaufmann, Benedikt Nimmervoll, Bettina Schlick, Johannes Brockhaus, Markus Missler, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Gerald J. Obermair
Summary: The alpha(2)delta subunits in nerve cells play a critical role in the formation and organization of glutamatergic synapses, with defects leading to synaptic dysfunction and potentially neurological diseases. Each individual alpha(2)delta isoform can rescue presynaptic calcium channel trafficking and expression of synaptic proteins, suggesting a highly redundant role as synaptic organizers. These findings suggest a shift in understanding of excitatory synapse formation, highlighting the importance of presynaptic differentiation and the potential of alpha(2)delta subunits as nucleation points for synaptic organization.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Haowen Jiang, Clifford Jiajun He, Albert Li, Bo He, Yang Li, Meng-Ning Zhou, Jiangbin Ye
Summary: This study demonstrates that mitochondrial uncoupling effectively inhibits the reductive carboxylation in cancer cells. By activating the electron transport chain and increasing the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, mitochondrial uncoupling accelerates the oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle and blocks reductive carboxylation. Inhibiting reductive carboxylation could be a key mechanism by which mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit tumor growth.
MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornelia Ablinger, Clarissa Eibl, Stefanie M. Geisler, Marta Campiglio, Gary J. Stephens, Markus Missler, Gerald J. Obermair
Summary: This study identifies alpha(2)delta-4 and Cachd1 as presynaptic regulators of synapse formation, differentiation, and calcium channel functions that can partially compensate for the loss of alpha(2)delta-1-3. Moreover, it shows that regulating glutamatergic synapse formation and differentiation is a critical and surprisingly redundant function of alpha(2)delta and Cachd1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Evelyn M. R. Lake, James Mester, Lynsie A. M. Thomason, Conner Adams, Paolo Bazzigaluppi, Margaret Koletar, Rafal Janik, Peter Carlen, JoAnne McLaurin, Greg J. Stanisz, Bojana Stefanovic
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paolo Bazzigaluppi, Tina L. Beckett, Margaret M. Koletar, Aaron Y. Lai, Illsung L. Joo, Mary E. Brown, Peter L. Carlen, JoAnne McLaurin, Bojana Stefanovic
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2018)
Review
Neurosciences
Mark S. Aquilino, Paige Whyte-Fagundes, Georg Zoidl, Peter L. Carlen
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael Chang, Joshua A. Dian, Suzie Dufour, Lihua Wang, Homeira Moradi Chameh, Meera Ramani, Liang Zhang, Peter L. Carlen, Thilo Womelsdorf, Taufik A. Valiante
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Paige Whyte-Fagundes, Stefan Kurtenbach, Christiane Zoidl, Valery I. Shestopalov, Peter L. Carlen, Georg Zoidl
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Wanida Lertwittayanon, Orrin Devinsky, Peter L. Carlen
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Azin EbrahimAmini, Paolo Bazzigaluppi, Mark S. Aquilino, Bojana Stefanovic, Peter L. Carlen
Summary: Elevated extracellular potassium ion concentration is linked to various disorders, and K+ spatial buffering is a crucial regulatory mechanism. Experimental results confirm the rapid equilibrium of extracellular potassium levels by powerful local buffering mechanisms. Gap junctional communication plays a partial role in modulating potassium redistribution and the velocity of spreading responses.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Homeira Moradi Chameh, Scott Rich, Lihua Wang, Fu-Der Chen, Liang Zhang, Peter L. Carlen, Shreejoy J. Tripathy, Taufik A. Valiante
Summary: The study reveals the diverse electrophysiological properties of human cortical pyramidal neurons, with L5 pyramidal cells being the most excitable and exhibiting the most prominent sag current. While subthreshold resonance is more common in L3c and L5, L5 neurons are uniquely adept at tracking both delta and theta frequency inputs. These biophysical properties may play a crucial role in the generation of cortical theta oscillations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ehud Banne, Baraa Abudiab, Sara Abu-Swai, Srinivasa Rao Repudi, Daniel J. Steinberg, Diala Shatleh, Sarah Alshammery, Leszek Lisowski, Wendy Gold, Peter L. Carlen, Rami I. Aqeilan
Summary: Mutations in the WWOX gene can lead to various neurological syndromes, including epileptic encephalopathy and global developmental delay. Differentiating pathogenic alleles is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Article
Biology
Paige Whyte-Fagundes, Daria Taskina, Nickie Safarian, Christiane Zoidl, Peter L. Carlen, Logan W. Donaldson, Georg R. Zoidl
Summary: The Panx1 channels have both pro- and anti-convulsant effects in a zebrafish model, shedding light on their role in seizure development. RNA-seq analysis showed distinct metabolic and cell signaling states associated with the loss of Panx1a. The activities of both Panx1 channels affect ATP release and involve the P2rx7 receptor.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Azin EbrahimAmini, Bojana Stefanovic, Peter L. Carlen
Summary: This study investigates the effect of decreased intracellular ATP concentration on the extracellular potassium ion concentration. It found that reduction in ATP concentration leads to an increase in extracellular potassium ion concentration, possibly due to the impairment of the Na/K ATPase pump and ATP-sensitive potassium channel.
Article
Cell Biology
Alexandra C. C. Santos, George Nader, Dana El Soufi El Sabbagh, Karolina Urban, Liliana Attisano, Peter L. L. Carlen
Summary: Human cerebral organoids resemble the complexity of the human brain and have the potential to improve drug development for neurological diseases. Epilepsy, a complex neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures, requires better models for drug development. This study demonstrates the use of human cerebral organoids to model cerebral cortical hyperexcitability, which could contribute to drug discovery for epilepsy.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mohammad Reza Pazhouhandeh, Amirali Amirsoleimani, Iliya Weisspapir, Peter Carlen, Roman Genov
Summary: This paper presents a low-power bidirectional 64-channel CMOS neural-ADC that is immune to artifacts such as those in the TIS techniques or conventional biphasic stimulation. The ADC is able to maintain high input impedance and recover quickly within 100 microseconds. In vivo recordings from anesthetized mice demonstrate the unique capabilities of the presented architecture in resolving local field potentials.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marjan Rafiee, Kramay Patel, David M. Groppe, Danielle M. Andrade, Eduard Bercovici, Esther Bui, Peter L. Carlen, Aylin Reid, Peter Tai, Donald Weaver, Richard Wennberg, Taufik A. Valiante
Article
Neurosciences
Vanessa Breton, Berj Bardakjian, Peter Carlen
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
