Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Duen-Min Deng, Kok Yong Lee
Summary: The text discusses a causal-modeling semantics for both indicative and counterfactual conditionals, introducing the concept of extrapolation to supplement the orthodox view. It shows how intervention and extrapolation can yield the same result under certain conditions, explaining the behavior of both types of conditionals in a causal-modeling semantics.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Juliane Schwab, Mingya Liu
Summary: This study examines the performance of NPIs in indicative and counterfactual conditionals through three behavioral experiments. The results show that the English NPI all that is more degraded in indicative conditionals than in counterfactual conditionals. The findings align with theoretically derived predictions about the susceptibility of indicative conditionals to conditional perfection.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Linguistics
Kjell Johan Saebo
Summary: This paper focuses on the type of mood or tense marking that causes counterfactuality inferences and presents a novel theory where mood serves to activate alternatives to modal operators, particularly the identity operator, often leading to counterfactual implicatures.
NATURAL LANGUAGE SEMANTICS
(2023)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Eugenia Kulakova, Stefan Rinner
Summary: In this paper, an analysis of the Oswald example is presented, focusing on the antecedents of the example and their impact on the truth conditions of the conditionals. The analysis argues that the difference in focus assignments between indicative and subjunctive mood in the antecedents can be explained by pragmatic requirements imposed on their presuppositions. This analysis is further confirmed by extending it to similar examples with hopes and wishes.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Simon Stephan, Michael R. Waldmann
Summary: Recent studies reveal that the acceptance of indicative conditionals depends on a probabilistic dependency between their antecedents and consequents, while understanding causal relations involves multiple conceptual dimensions. Experimental findings demonstrate that the acceptance of indicative and counterfactual conditionals can differ, and that both are necessary for accepting a causal relation between two events.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Peter Collins, Karl Christoph Klauer
Summary: A new experimental task was developed in this study to test the possible worlds account of conditionals. The results showed that the possible worlds semantics could account for participants' truth value assignments in this task.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Ryan Simonelli
Summary: In this research, counterexamples are presented to question existing accounts of indicative conditionals. It is argued that these counterexamples pose serious problems to variably strict accounts, but dynamic strict accounts have the potential to accommodate them. A modified dynamic strict account is proposed to take into account the effects of both conditional antecedents and consequents in changing the semantic context.
Article
Biology
Shalini Gautam, Thomas Suddendorf, Jonathan Redshaw
Summary: The study found that even young children experience counterfactual emotions following choices, which may ultimately impact their future decision-making.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Ruth M. J. Byrne
Summary: This study explores people's judgments on hypothetical impossibilities and finds that people evaluate impossible events in the same way as possible events, by constructing models that are consistent with the suggested outcomes. The results show that some impossible conditionals are judged as true with one outcome and false with the opposite outcome, while others are false regardless of the outcome.
MEMORY & COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Peter Collins
Summary: Indicative conditionals and subjunctive conditionals convey different stances towards the truth of their antecedents, with indicatives often conveying neutrality and subjunctives often conveying the falsity of the antecedent. These differences are conveyed by conversational implicatures rather than presuppositions, as evidenced by experiments testing the projection and cancelability of these stances.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Samuel C. Fletcher
Summary: When reasoning counterfactually within a physical theory, the standard possible world semantics may not be adequate, as it relies on worlds with violations of laws of nature. An alternative approach is to use models of a theory as worlds, but determining the necessary similarity relation objectively remains a challenge. A third way proposes to determine the similarity relation contextually from properties of models relevant to the truth of the counterfactual, which may have implications for future research, including the potential for a deflationary account of laws of nature.
Article
Linguistics
Silvia Perez-Cortes
Summary: Research has shown a high degree of variability in mood selection among heritage speakers, but previous studies have focused mostly on late-acquired alternations and limited analysis. This study fills the gap by examining Spanish heritage speakers and dominant controls' interpretation and use of mood alternations, revealing differences and suggesting the need for nuanced analysis of heritage speakers' linguistic outcomes when examining modal contrasts.
STUDIES IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Daniel Dohrn
Summary: The standard semantics for counterfactuals require the closest antecedent worlds to be consequent worlds for the statement to be true. However, challenges such as counterfactual scepticism and different sequences like 'Hegel', 'Sobel', and 'Heim' have not yet been unifiedly resolved. One suggested solution is to incorporate the shifty parameter into pragmatics, as discussed by Kriz for Sobel and Heim sequences.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Xiaopeng Zhang, Chunping Mai
Summary: This article reports on two studies that tested the effects of three different types of input on second language learning of English conditional sentences. The results showed that the input types did not affect learning gains, but there were differences in gains between the two complexity conditions. Furthermore, the study found that skewed first input could effectively reduce the influence of IF-Is on learning IF-IIs.
LANGUAGE TEACHING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xu Chen, Zhenlei Wang, Hongteng Xu, Jingsen Zhang, Yongfeng Zhang, Wayne Xin Zhao, Ji-Rong Wen
Summary: This paper proposes a novel counterfactual data augmentation framework to alleviate the problem of data sparsity. The framework consists of a sampler model and an anchor model. The sampler model generates high-quality user behavior sequences, while the anchor model is trained on the original and new generated samples for recommendation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Schuster, Nicole Alexandra Himmelstoss, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan, Martin Kronbichler, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: This study investigated the hemodynamic effects of predictive processing during natural reading by combining fMRI and eye movement recordings. The results suggest an effect of precision on prediction update in higher (lexico-)semantic levels, but no disproportionate reading times on participants' eye movements were observed. The findings do not support discrete predictions, favoring the idea that multiple words are activated in parallel during reading.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lisa Kronbichler, Renate Stelzig-Schoeler, Melanie Lenger, Stefanie Weber, Brandy-Gale Pearce, Luise-Antonia Reich, Wolfgang Aichhorn, Martin Kronbichler
Summary: The study found no significant differences in moral judgments between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, and task performance was not related to symptom severity or medication. Furthermore, the study showed that patients did not have observable difficulties in integrating the protagonist's belief in the rating of the moral permissibility of the action-outcome.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Janine S. Spitzhuettl, Martin Kronbichler, Lisa Kronbichler, Valentin Benzing, Valerie Siegwart, Mirko Schmidt, Manuela Pastore-Wapp, Claus Kiefer, Nedelina Slavova, Michael Grotzer, Maja Steinlin, Claudia M. Roebers, Kurt Leibundgut, Regula Everts
Summary: Childhood cancer survivors may experience deficits in executive functions, however, no significant structure-function correlations were found. The treatment impacts on brain structures relevant to emotion processing.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giorgi Kuchukhidze, Iris Unterberger, Elisabeth Schmid, Laura Zamarian, Christian Michael Siedentopf, Florian Koppelstaetter, Elke Gizewski, Martin Kronbichler, Gerhard Luef, Hennric Jokeit, Eugen Trinka
Summary: In this study, we found that unilateral mesial TLE and ipsilateral AE could lead to dysfunction in emotion recognition. Patients with right-side mTLE had more impaired perception and recognition of emotions compared to those with left-side mTLE. Patients also showed deficits in emotion recognition compared to healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Federica Riva, Melanie Lenger, Martin Kronbichler, Claus Lamm, Giorgia Silani
Summary: Emotional egocentric bias is more prominent in children, adolescents, and older adults compared to young adults. The connectivity between the right supramarginal gyrus and somatosensory cortices acts as a partial mediator between age and emotional egocentric bias.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Laila K. Franke, Stephan F. Miedl, Sarah K. Danboeck, Markus Grill, Michael Liedlgruber, Martin Kronbichler, Herta Flor, Frank H. Wilhelm
Summary: Psychological trauma is often accompanied by physical pain, with PTSD frequently co-occurring with chronic pain. Classical conditioning may explain the mechanism behind pain intrusions, where pain experiences can occur even without nociceptive input.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shanice Menting-Henry, Esmeralda Hidalgo-Lopez, Markus Aichhorn, Martin Kronbichler, Hubert Kerschbaum, Belinda Pletzer
Summary: Recent research suggests that hormonal contraceptive users have reduced accuracy in recognizing emotions compared to naturally cycling women, and show alterations in amygdala volume and connectivity at rest. However, resting brain characteristics did not mediate oral contraceptive effects on emotion recognition performance. Sex and oral contraceptive use were found to moderate brain-behavior associations, with different patterns observed in different contraceptive users.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucas Johannes Rainer, Martin Kronbichler, Giorgi Kuchukhidze, Eugen Trinka, Patrick Benjamin Langthaler, Lisa Kronbichler, Sarah Said-Yuerekli, Margarita Kirschner, Georg Zimmermann, Julia Hofler, Elisabeth Schmid, Mario Braun
Summary: According to Panksepp's hierarchical emotion model, emotion processing relies on different brain regions. This study validates and extends this model in patients with JME. The results show that discrete emotions and affective dimensions are processed differently in different brain regions, and they are not affected by psychiatric conditions, seizure types, or duration of epilepsy.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Karin Labek, Elisa Sittenberger, Valerie Kienhoefer, Luna Rabl, Irene Messina, Matthias Schurz, Julia C. Stingl, Roberto Viviani
Summary: Influential models of cortical organization suggest a close relationship between heteromodal association areas and highly connected hubs in the default mode network. The gradient model of cortical organization proposes a similar relationship between these areas and highly connected hubs in the default mode network. By using a decision-making task and representational similarity analysis, the study explored the relationship between high-level representations of imminent pain in others and these areas. The findings suggest that task deactivations may indicate cortical areas that host high-level representations.
Letter
Anesthesiology
Laila K. Franke, Stephan F. Miedl, Sarah K. Danboeck, Michael Liedlgruber, Markus Grill, Martin Kronbichler, Herta Flor, Frank H. Wilhelm
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anja Lender, Janina Wirtz, Martin Kronbichler, Sercan Kahveci, Simone Kuehn, Jens Blechert
Summary: This study investigated the behavioral and neural correlates of approach behavior toward chocolate using fMRI and reaction times. The results showed an approach bias toward chocolate, which was associated with activity in the medial OFC. This study highlights the importance of stimulus-specific cognitive trainings for healthy consumption and self-regulation.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Katharina Foerster, Lara. Z. Maliske, Matthias Schurz, Paula. M. Henneberg, Udo Dannlowski, Philipp Kanske
Summary: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis revealed that patients with manic bipolar disorder demonstrate increased emotional reactivity and decreased emotion regulation compared to healthy participants, particularly in the processing of negative stimuli. The findings emphasize the importance of longitudinal studies to further understand changes in emotion processing.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Schnetzer, Verena S. Schaetzle, Lisa Kronbichler, Juergen Bergmann, Stefan Leis, Alexander B. Kunz, Julia S. Crone, Eugen Trinka, Martin Kronbichler
Summary: Diagnosing patients with disorders of consciousness can be prone to misdiagnosis. This study aims to determine the proportion of patients who display covert command following and evaluate the prognostic value of improved diagnosis. The researchers used functional MRI and a motor imagery task to identify patients with cognitive motor dissociation. The results showed that some patients exhibited covert command following, while others showed increased brain activation during rest. Additionally, 40% of patients showed significant activations in the whole brain analysis.
ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
L. J. Rainer, G. Kuchukhidze, E. Trinka, M. Braun, M. Kronbichler, P. Langthaler, G. Zimmermann, S. Said-Yurekli, M. Kirschner, L. Zamarian, H. Jokeit, J. Hofler
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Lavinia Uscatescu, Christopher Hyatt, Martin Kronbichler, Vince Calhoun, Silvia Corbera, Kevin Pelphrey, Brian Pittman, Godfrey Pearlson, Michal Assaf
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.
