Review
Cell Biology
Sarah A. Neely, David A. Lyons
Summary: Glia are a diverse collection of cells that play essential roles in the nervous system. Recent advances in animal models, particularly using zebrafish, have provided important insights into the function and interactions of glial cells, contributing to our understanding of their complex roles in development and throughout life.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Cristiana Pistono, Nea Bister, Iveta Stanova, Tarja Malm
Summary: Glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining correct neuronal functionality and restoring balance in the central nervous system. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, have diverse effects on neurons and CNS homeostasis, with both neuroprotective and detrimental effects. Further research and evaluation of EVs are needed for their potential therapeutic application in neurological disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Boyi Zong, Fengzhi Yu, Xiaoyou Zhang, Yige Pang, Wenrui Zhao, Peng Sun, Lin Li
Summary: Since the discovery of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in 2010, research has been conducted to explore its role in various organ systems. Recent evidence links the activity of Piezo1 channel to the central nervous system. This review systematically summarizes current research on the channel, its implications for central nervous system mechanobiology, and its involvement in disorders.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jayant Saksena, Adelle E. Hamilton, Ryan J. Gilbert, Jonathan M. Zuidema
Summary: In this review, the recent advances in the use of nanomaterials for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to modulate glial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) are presented. The potential of nanomaterials in improving outcomes in traumatic injury and degenerative disorders is discussed, highlighting their advantages in API delivery and potential future developments in the field.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ilaria Balbo, Francesca Montarolo, Enrica Boda, Filippo Tempia, Eriola Hoxha
Summary: The ELOVL5 gene encodes an enzyme that plays a crucial role in elongating long chain fatty acids, with a preference for polyunsaturated molecules. Mutations in ELOVL5 can lead to a rare neurological disease known as spino-cerebellar ataxia type 38, characterized by gait abnormalities and other neurological symptoms. Research using mouse models and immunofluorescence analysis has revealed the specific expression patterns of ELOVL5 in the central nervous system, providing valuable insights into its physiological functions.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hao Sun, Xiaojuan Su, Shiping Li, Dezhi Mu, Yi Qu
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from glial cells play a dual role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases, acting as vectors for disease spread or as protective clearance systems for tissues. By carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, EVs regulate cell-to-cell communication and signaling in various diseases.
REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sirine Hacene, Alice Le Friec, Franck Desmoulin, Lorenne Robert, Nina Colitti, Juliette Fitremann, Isabelle Loubinoux, Carla Cirillo
Summary: Cell therapy is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine, but the lack of valid cell sources is a limiting factor. The gastrointestinal tract, specifically the enteric nervous system (ENS), has been identified as a valuable source of nerve cells for therapy. Enteric glial cells, with their neurotrophic and neurogenic potential, have shown promise in treating intestinal neuropathies. Additionally, the ENS has therapeutic potential for brain repair, particularly in cases of stroke. The urgency for alternative treatments to rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients is evident. This review explores the pathophysiology of stroke and discusses current therapeutic strategies, with a focus on cell- and biomaterial-based approaches. The anatomical and functional characteristics of the ENS, particularly glial cells, are also presented, highlighting their neurotrophic and neurogenic properties. Preliminary data on a possible therapeutic approach combining ENS-derived cells and a biomaterial are discussed.
Review
Cell Biology
Maja Potokar, Jernej Jorgacevski
Summary: Plectin, a high-molecular-mass cytolinker, is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. Its role in the CNS is still not fully understood, but it is anticipated to be involved in signaling processes and affect fundamental functions in the brain and spinal cord. Further research is needed to fully address the direct and indirect interactions of plectin with cytoskeletal filaments and enzymes in CNS cells under normal physiological and pathologic conditions.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wenyue Li, Junwei Cheng, Fangfei He, Peisen Zhang, Ni Zhang, Jian Wang, Qiliang Song, Yi Hou, Zhihua Gan
Summary: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are a major global health concern with serious impacts on human health. It is estimated that there will be about 135 million cases of CNS diseases worldwide by mid-century, making it the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases by 2040. The delivery of theranostic agents is hampered by the biological barrier, leading to a lack of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for most CNS diseases. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery offer promising solutions, particularly cell membrane-based nanomaterials with natural bio-surface, high biocompatibility, and biosafety. This review provides an overview of the fabrication of cell membrane-based nanomaterials, summaries of different CNS diseases and the application of cell membrane-based nanomaterials in theranostics, as well as future prospects and limitations of cell membrane nanotechnology.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Manon M. J. Cox
Summary: The insect cell expression system, proposed as the preferred biosecurity strategy for vaccine production, has limitations that need to be addressed for effective use in future pandemics.
Article
Oncology
Xiangyang Deng, Xionggang Yang, Chunlei Yang, Kezhu Chen, Junwei Ren, Jun Zeng, Quan Zhang, Tianwen Li, Qisheng Tang, Jianhong Zhu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of area-level socioeconomic status on the prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients. The results showed that lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher overall survival and cancer-specific survival rates. Multiple mediation analysis revealed the mediating effects of factors such as chemotherapy and HIV status on the disparities between socioeconomic groups.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Brian Chiou, Chuang Gao, Stefanie Giera, Christopher J. Folts, Priya Kishore, Diankun Yu, Hayeon C. Oak, Rongcai Jiang, Xianhua Piao
Summary: This study demonstrates the critical role of Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor ADGRG1 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for myelination in the central nervous system (CNS), while showing no impact on developmental myelination in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. These findings support an autonomous functional role of ADGRG1 in OPCs related to myelination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher Kapitza, Rittika Chunder, Anja Scheller, Katherine S. Given, Wendy B. Macklin, Michael Enders, Stefanie Kuerten, Winfried L. Neuhuber, Juergen Woerl
Summary: This study aimed to identify glial and myelin markers as potential target structures for autoimmune processes in the esophagus, with results suggesting the involvement of enteric glial cells in the pathogenesis of dysphagia in MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Lenin David Ochoa-de la Paz, Rosario Gulias-Canizo
Summary: Brain edema is a pathological condition with potentially fatal consequences, where cell volume control processes are compromised, and astroglial network plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell volume and water homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Simon J. O'Carroll, William H. Cook, Deborah Young
Summary: Glial cells play crucial roles in the nervous system and are involved in various diseases, making them potential targets for gene therapy. However, achieving specific targeting for each glial cell type remains a challenge due to technical limitations.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)