Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Krawiec, V. Vignal, J. Lelito, A. Krystianiak, P. Ozga
Summary: The corrosion behavior of austempered ductile iron (ADI) under cyclic salt spray exposure was studied using a specific three-electrode cell located in the salt fog chamber. Three steps were identified, namely pitting corrosion of ferrite, inward oxidation of the ausferrite matrix and mixed oxidation of the matrix accompanied by rust layer formation. Corrosion rate evolution calculated from in-situ electrochemical measurements correlated with surface changes quantified from optical and field emission scanning electron (FE-SEM/EDS) microscopies. Corrosion products were identified using micro-Raman spectroscopy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ali Abdelmonem, Mohamed Soliman, Heinz Palkowski, Ahmed Elsabbagh
Summary: This research focused on studying the aging behavior of dual matrix structure ductile iron and found that aging conditions have a certain impact on mechanical properties, particularly on the increase in yield strength. The peak increase in yield strength followed by a decrease was observed as aging time increased, attributed to martensite tempering.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Marcio Abreu, Jessica Elfsberg, Stefan Jonsson
Summary: The cavitation erosion mechanisms of three austempered ductile irons (ADIs) of different hardness levels were studied in a heavy-duty engine coolant, showing that higher hardness resulted in lower relative mass loss rates.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nelly Abigail Rodriguez-Rosales, Felix Alan Montes-Gonzalez, Oziel Gomez-Casas, Josue Gomez-Casas, Jesus Salvador Galindo-Valdes, Juan Carlos Ortiz-Cuellar, Jesus Fernando Martinez-Villafane, Daniel Garcia-Navarro, Carlos Rodrigo Muniz-Valdez
Summary: This research evaluates the effect of temperature and time austempering on the microstructural characteristics and hardness of ductile iron. The results show that increasing austempering temperature leads to a higher content of carbon-rich austenite and a change in the morphology of ferrite needles. Additionally, an increase in austempering time results in a thickening of ferrite needles. The hardness values exhibit an inversely proportional behavior and a regression model achieves a correlation of about 97%. The proposed mathematical model predicts the hardness of austempered ductile iron with an accuracy of 95.20%.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andrzej N. Wieczorek, Mateusz Wojcicki, Andrzej Drwiega, Waldemar Tuszynski, Pawel M. Nuckowski, Jakub Nedza
Summary: This paper explores the resistance of alloyed austempered ductile iron chain wheels to dynamic and abrasive wear by solid particles, and the synergistic effect of external dynamic forces and quartz particles on wear. It was found that shot peening decreased the surface hardness of the chain wheels, while increasing the abrasive wear. The study demonstrates phase changes during wheel operation and the varying impact of environmental factors, providing practical insights for the selection of ADI cast iron in different conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dogancan Eraslan, Ahmet Balci, Baris Cetin, Necati Ucak, Adem Cicek, Okan Deniz Yilmaz, Kemal Davut
Summary: In engineering applications, selecting the proper material is crucial for productivity and cost reduction. The characteristics of material and ease of cutting directly impact production costs. Different cutting conditions and tool materials can help reduce cutting forces, surface roughness, and tool wear.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chen Liu, Yuzhou Du, Xin Wang, Qi Zheng, Xinyu Zhu, Dongya Zhang, Dongjie Liu, Chao Yang, Bailing Jiang
Summary: The tribological behavior of quench-tempered ductile iron (QTDI) and austempered ductile iron (ADI) with similar hardness was investigated. QTDI was composed of cementite particles, ferrite and spheroidal graphite, whilst ADI was consisted of acicular ferrite, retained austenite and spheroidal graphite. Wear tests indicated that QTDI exhibited a lower friction coefficient than ADI. However, ADI had a better wear resistance than QTDI, which was because the transformation of re-sidual austenite into martensite induced by friction stress resulted in the increase of surface hardness. Worn surface morphology indicated that the main wear mechanisms of QTDI was adhesive and abrasive wear. How-ever, the surface fatigue wear was observed for ADI.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xin Wang, Yuzhou Du, Baojian Liu, Bailing Jiang
Summary: In this study, the effects of partitioning treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) were investigated. The carbon atoms were transported from alpha phase to gamma phase during the partitioning process, leading to changes in the microstructure and an increase in plasticity by about 50% without sacrificing strength in the ADI sample.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Niksa Catipovic, Massimo Rogante, Hasan Avdusinovic, Karla Grgic
Summary: In this study, a novel method for the double heat treatment of ductile iron was applied. The specimens were annealed at different temperatures and durations, and then subsequently tempered. The results showed that the specimens with subsequent tempering had slightly higher hardness, a small decrease in tensile strength, but significantly higher elongation. The mechanical properties of the specimens with subsequent tempering were more uniform compared to those without subsequent tempering.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Penghui Yang, Rong Wang, Hanguang Fu, Rafik Absi, Rachid Bennacer, Xuhui Yang, Peiqing La
Summary: This study aims to investigate the wear properties of titanium microalloying Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) and the refining mechanism of TiC on M3C carbides through theoretical calculation and experimental analysis. Wet rubber wheel wear tests showed that TiC particles could precipitate in the melt to refine the M3C eutectic carbides, and the M3C (010)/TiC (011) interface remained stable. Experimental results demonstrated the formation of TiC particles, and the shape of M3C eutectic carbides changed from net-like to strip-like after titanium microalloying, thereby improving the wear resistance of CADI.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Halina Krawiec, Janusz Lelito, Marek Mroz, Magdalena Radon
Summary: The influence of heat treatment parameters such as annealing time and austempering temperature on the microstructure, tribological properties, and corrosion resistance of ductile iron has been studied. It has been found that increasing the isothermal annealing time and austempering temperature leads to an increase in scratch depth and a decrease in hardness. The presence of martensite at low austempering temperature and short annealing time is associated with a low scratch depth and high hardness. Additionally, the presence of martensite improves the corrosion resistance of austempered ductile iron.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Fatma Bayata, Sueleyman Batuhan Vatan
Summary: This study developed austempered ductile iron (ADI) with desired mechanical properties for crankshaft applications by using vanadium alloying and an optimized heat treatment process. Different bainitic structures were obtained through austempering, leading to diverse combinations of mechanical properties. The V-alloyed samples exhibited finer microstructures and more acicular ferrite phases, with improved mechanical properties. The addition of vanadium also significantly affected the retained austenite phases, providing favorable ductility and toughness to the V-15 samples.
FRONTIERS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ridvan Gecu
Summary: In this study, spheroidal graphite cast irons with different aluminum additions were fabricated by green sand casting and subjected to wear tests. The results showed that the addition of aluminum decreased the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the cast irons, but increased their impact strength. The wear resistance of the samples increased with sliding speed, but decreased with applied load. Among all samples, the cast iron with 4 wt% aluminum addition exhibited the best wear resistance.
TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cheng-Hsun Hsu, Chun-Yin Lin, Wei-Shih You
Summary: Different austempering conditions were applied to 1 wt.% Cu-alloyed ductile iron to produce various ADIs in order to explore their microstructure, hardness, and wear behaviors. The results showed that the ADI obtained at 300 degrees C for 10 hours exhibited the best wear resistance performance, with denser needle-like ausferrite, lower retained austenite content, and higher carbon content in austenite compared to the ADI obtained at 360 degrees C.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pengfei Gao, Feng Li, Ke An, Zhengzhi Zhao, Xiaohong Chu, Heng Cui
Summary: This study investigates the effect of silicon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of quenching and partitioning (QP) steel. Adding silicon increases the strength and ductility of the steel, and forming a multiphase structure in QP steel leads to better mechanical properties.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Dean A. Snelling, Christopher B. Williams, Carlos T. A. Suchicital, Alan P. Druschitz
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harold Machado Gonzalez, Paula Perez Espitia, Ricardo Aristizabal Sierra
MATERIA-RIO DE JANEIRO
(2017)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shibayan Roy, Lawrence F. Allard, Andres Rodriguez, Thomas R. Watkins, Amit Shyam
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2017)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Dean A. Snelling, Christopher B. Williams, Alan P. Druschitz
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2019)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Harold D. Machado, Ricardo Aristizabal-Sierra, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, Isaac Toda-Caraballo
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andres Felipe Santacruz-Londono, Oscar Rios-Diez, Jose A. Jimenez, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, Ricardo Aristizabal-Sierra
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oscar Rios-Diez, Ricardo Aristizabal-Sierra, Claudia Serna-Giraldo, Jose A. Jimenez, Carlos Garcia-Mateo
Article
Archaeology
J. Fabian-Salvador, J. P. Diez, R. Aristizabal, S. Enzo, O. Arnache
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oscar Rios-Diez, Ricardo Aristizabal-Sierra, Claudia Serna-Giraldo, Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Carlos Garcia-Mateo
Summary: Carbo-austempered steels with a nanobainitic microstructure are established as a promising alternative for applications requiring high stability and reliability against wear and fatigue. The study examined the effect of heat treatment conditions on the wear behavior of carburized cast steel with a nanobainitic structure, showing that nanobainitic microstructures exhibit better wear resistance compared to conventional tempered martensite plus retained austenite microstructures.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oscar Rios-Diez, Ricardo Aristizabal-Sierra, Claudia Serna-Giraldo, Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Carlos Garcia-Mateo
Summary: The study shows that nanobainitic carbo-austempered cast steels exhibit better fatigue performance than traditional carburized-Q&T steels, which is attributed to the differences between the microstructures, the role of ferrite and austenite crystals in crack propagation, the importance of prior austenite boundaries and block boundaries as crack deflectors, and how all these parameters ultimately affect the fatigue behavior.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Manuel E. Umanzor, Romesh C. Batra, Christopher B. Williams, Alan P. Druschitz
Summary: The study experimentally and computationally investigated the penetration resistance of an A356 alloy-ceramic lattice structure, proposing a design approximately 20% lighter than the solid metal target.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Manuel E. Umanzor, Matthew E. Drew, Alan P. Druschitz
Summary: The study focused on determining thermophysical properties of high-manganese austenitic steels through a computational-experimental approach and validated the results through differential scanning calorimetry. Mold filling and solidification simulations were performed, showing a high degree of agreement with actual castings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Alan P. Druschitz, Adam Seigler, Owen Hall, Liam Kluesener, Jacob Zippel
Summary: Certain medium-manganese steels with proper silicon and aluminum content can be heat-treated to produce different microstructures, such as single-phase or multi-phase. The study investigated two steel heats with different carbon contents and found that the multi-phase microstructures had higher yield strength compared to single-phase microstructures. Additionally, a hard skull of high iron and manganese content adhered to the furnace lining after induction melting, which was difficult to remove.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
D. Garzon, O. Arnache, R. Aristizabal, Andres Santacruz, C. Ostos, Alejandro Echavarria
6TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING PHYSICS AND THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED PHYSICS ENGINEERING & INNOVATION
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dongwon Shin, Shibayan Roy, Thomas R. Watkins, Amit Shyam
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2017)