Journal
MATERIALS LETTERS
Volume 96, Issue -, Pages 45-56Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.01.007
Keywords
Nanomaterials; Nanostability; Interface segregation; Ceramics; Thermodynamics; Calorimetry
Funding
- NSF DMR Ceramics [1055504]
- US Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1055504] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Nanomaterials have intrigued the scientific community for many years due to their unique and unexpected properties. Though the number of technological applications has impressively increased in the past years, a fundamental understanding of the behavior of nanomaterials is still incomplete. This is particularly true from a thermodynamic viewpoint, which defines the nanostructure overall thermal stability, polymorphism, and is ultimately connected to an optimal exploitation and reliability of the nano-features. This short review presents recent advancements on the understanding of the energetics of nanocrystalline ceramics and how they relate to nanoscale stability phenomena by focusing on the latest experimental evidences. The role of interface energetics as a key instrument to enable stability prediction and control is discussed based on a quantitative description of nanoscale phase diagrams and coarsening processes. Techniques to assess interface energies of ceramic nanostructures are also briefly discussed, in particular addressing the highly sensitive calorimetric methods recently used to acquire unprecedented interface energy data for oxides. A short collection of experimental evidences and trends on the thermodynamic understanding of nanocrystalline oxides, focusing on aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, and tin dioxide, concludes this review. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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