Article
Plant Sciences
Yufang Pan, Wanting Zhang, Xiaofei Wang, Juliette Jouhet, Eric Marechal, Jin Liu, Xiao-Qin Xia, Hanhua Hu
Summary: This study explores the allele-specific expression of PDAT gene in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The results show that one of the alleles, Allele 2, can be specifically induced by decreasing nitrogen concentrations and overexpression of Allele 2 substantially enhances the accumulation of TAG. On the other hand, overexpression of Allele 1 only slightly increases TAG accumulation but leads to more serious growth inhibition. It is also found that the enzymes encoded by the two alleles have different TAG biosynthetic activity, which is mainly affected by amino acid variants in their protein sequences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mary Priyanka Udumula, Sureshbabu Mangali, Jaspreet Kalra, Deepika Dasari, Srashti Goyal, Vandana Krishna, Srivarsha Reddy Bollareddy, Dharamrajan Sriram, Arti Dhar, Audesh Bhat
Summary: Metabolic disorders in young population are increasing due to dietary habits and lack of physical activity. The study investigated the role of PKR pathway in diabetes induced by high fructose and streptozotocin, and found that PKR inhibitor could attenuate the impairments caused by high fructose and streptozotocin. Inhibition of PKR can protect insulin sensitive organs and tissues from diabetic impairments induced by high fructose.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sylwia Szrok-Jurga, Aleksandra Czumaj, Jacek Turyn, Areta Hebanowska, Julian Swierczynski, Tomasz Sledzinski, Ewa Stelmanska
Summary: Fatty acid metabolism, especially beta-oxidation, plays a crucial role in human physiology and pathology. Beta-oxidation is not only involved in energy metabolism but also contributes to the synthesis of various important compounds. This review provides an overview of the importance of mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation in different organs and cells and discusses the diseases associated with fatty acid oxidation disturbances. The review also highlights the abnormalities of fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells and diseases caused by mutations in enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiesi Xu, Zhenglong Liu, Jianxin Zhang, Siyu Chen, Wei Wang, Xuefan Zhao, Mei Zhen, Xun Huang
Summary: Cellular lipid storage is regulated by the balance of lipogenesis and lipolysis. In this study, we showed that the protein stability of ATGL is regulated by the N-end rule in cultured cells and in mice. Our findings reveal the N-end rule-mediated proteasomal regulation of ATGL, which may have potential implications for the treatment of obesity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chao Cao, Han-Chow E. Koh, Stephan Van Vliet, Bruce W. Patterson, Dominic N. Reeds, Richard Laforest, Robert J. Gropler, Bettina Mittendorfer
Summary: This study found that enhanced FFA clearance in people with obesity is negatively correlated with muscle insulin sensitivity, and the stimulatory effect of insulin on FFA clearance is more significant in obese individuals.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai Zhang, Ornella D. Nelson, Ian R. Price, Chengliang Zhu, Xuan Lu, Irma R. Fernandez, Robert S. Weiss, Hening Lin
Summary: This study reveals that the metabolic intermediate LCFA-CoA regulates cancer metastasis by inhibiting NME1 and NME2, which play important roles in cellular protein functions such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cancer cell migration. The inhibitory effect of LCFA-CoA on NME1 compromises its metastasis suppressor function, especially under high-fat-diet conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hwi Seung Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Eun Hee Kim, Min Jung Lee, Chang Hee Jung, Joong-Yeol Park, Hong-Kyu Kim, Woo Je Lee
Summary: This study investigated the associations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and triglyceride glucose (TyG)-related markers in healthy subjects in Korea. The study found that the TyG-waist circumference (WC) index was superior to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for identifying NAFLD in healthy Korean adults, especially in the non-obese population.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Huji Turdi, Hannguang Chao, Jon J. Hangeland, Saleem Ahmad, Wei Meng, Robert Brigance, Guohua Zhao, Wei Wang, Fang Moore, Xiang-Yang Ye, Arvind Mathur, Xiaoping Hou, James Kempson, Dauh-Rurng Wu, Yi-Xin Li, Anthony Azzara, Zhengping Ma, Ching-Hsuen Chu, Luping Chen, Mary Jane Cullen, Suzanne Rooney, Susan Harvey, Lisa Kopcho, Reshma Panemangelor, Lynn Abell, Kevin O'Malley, William J. Keim, Elizabeth Dierks, Shu Chang, Kimberly Foster, Atsu Apedo, David Harden, Marta Dabros, Qi Gao, Mary Ann Pelleymounter, Jean M. Whaley, Jeffrey A. Robl, Dong Cheng, R. Michael Lawrence, Pratik Devasthale
Summary: Inhibition of MGAT2 is a potential therapeutic approach for metabolic disorders. A high-throughput screening identified the aryl dihydropyridinone compound 1 as a hit, leading to the development of stable and selective MGAT2 inhibitors. Among them, compound 21s was selected as a clinical candidate based on its efficacy in inducing weight loss and acceptable safety profile.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Robert V. V. Farese, Tobias C. C. Walther
Summary: More than 60 years ago, the pathways of glycerolipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were elucidated, but the molecular basis for most of these reactions remained unknown. Recent progress in cell biology, biochemistry, and structural biology has provided a more mechanistic understanding of this pathway. This review provides an overview of molecular aspects of glycerolipid synthesis, focusing on the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TGs), and discusses the mechanisms for storage of TG in cytosolic lipid droplets and the implications for ER stress and cellular toxicity.
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolina Panzarin, Lais Angelica de Paula Simino, Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini, Leticia Martins Ignacio-Souza, Marciane Milanski, Marcio Alberto Torsoni, Adriana Souza Torsoni
Summary: The modulation of hepatic miR-370-122-Let7 miRNA may play a crucial role in the early stages of NAFLD, preceding changes in glycemic homeostasis and adiposity.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ceren Duman, Barbara Di Marco, Ekaterina Nevedomskaya, Berk Ulug, Ralf Lesche, Sven Christian, Julieta Alfonso
Summary: This study investigates the role of Acyl-CoA Binding Protein (ACBP) in glioblastoma (GBM) cells and finds that ACBP promotes GBM invasion by regulating lipid metabolism and the downstream gene, Integrin beta-1.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rachel L. Criswell, Nina Iszatt, Hans Demmelmair, Talat Bashir Ahmed, Berthold Koletzko, Virissa C. Lenters, Merete A. Eggesbo
Summary: This study describes the composition of fatty acids in human milk and investigates the associations between fatty acids and infant growth. The study found that excessive pregnancy weight gain was positively associated with certain fatty acids and inversely associated with others. Factors such as multiparity and gestational age were also associated with different types of fatty acids. Certain fatty acids were found to be related to infant growth.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caterina Formichi, Laura Nigi, Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco, Carla Maccora, Daniela Fignani, Noemi Brusco, Giada Licata, Guido Sebastiani, Francesco Dotta
Summary: The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance has highlighted the importance of accurate tools for early diagnosis and treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained interest for their potential role in IR modulation and have been investigated as promising markers in metabolic diseases. Their stability and easy detection in biological fluids make ncRNAs potential candidates for diagnosis and treatment in conditions like type 2 diabetes and obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin G. Hicks, Ahmad A. Cluntun, Heidi L. Schubert, Sean R. Hackett, Jordan A. Berg, Paul G. Leonard, Mariana A. Ajalla Aleixo, Youjia Zhou, Alex J. Bott, Sonia R. Salvatore, Fei Chang, Aubrie Blevins, Paige Barta, Samantha Tilley, Aaron Leifer, Andrea Guzman, Ajak Arok, Sarah Fogarty, Jacob M. Winter, Hee-Chul Ahn, Karen N. Allen, Samuel Block, Iara A. Cardoso, Jianping Ding, Ingrid Dreveny, William C. Gasper, Quinn Ho, Atsushi Matsuura, Michael J. Palladino, Sabin Prajapati, Pengkai Sun, Kai Tittmann, Dean R. Tolan, Judith Unterlass, Andrew P. VanDemark, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Bradley A. Webb, Cai-Hong Yun, Pengkai Zhao, Bei Wang, Francisco J. Schopter, Christopher P. Hill, Maria Cristina Nonato, Florian L. Muller, James E. Cox, Jared Rutter
Summary: Metabolic networks play a crucial role in various cellular processes. Discovering low-affinity protein-metabolite interactions that govern these networks is challenging. A new method, called mass spectrometry integrated with equilibrium dialysis for the discovery of allostery systematically (MIDAS), was developed to identify such interactions. In a study involving enzymes from human carbohydrate metabolism, 830 protein-metabolite interactions were discovered, including both known and unknown interactions. Some of these interactions were functionally validated, revealing the isoform-specific inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by long-chain acyl-coenzyme A. The findings suggest that these protein-metabolite interactions contribute to the adaptive metabolic flexibility in different tissues.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adrian Montes-de-Oca-Garcia, Alejandro Perez-Bey, Juan Corral-Perez, Alberto Marin-Galindo, Maria Calderon-Dominguez, Daniel Velazquez-Diaz, Cristina Casals, Jesus G. G. Ponce-Gonzalez
Summary: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of plasma leptin on fat oxidation in young adults, considering sex differences and the mediating role of fatness and cardiorespiratory fitness. Results showed that in men, leptin was negatively associated with maximal fat oxidation and positively associated with insulin secretion. In women, leptin was positively associated with resting fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity, and negatively associated with maximal fat oxidation. The association between leptin and fat oxidation was mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness.