Article
Thermodynamics
Yongjun Jin, Haihang Cui, Li Chen, Kai Sun, Haiguo Yin, Zhe Liu
Summary: This study performed flow simulations inside the acinus with fine alveolar pores using hexagonal cells and bottom-up geometric modeling. The results obtained more realistic flow characteristics in the distal lung and revealed the effects of pore size and the mechanism of auxiliary ventilation of alveolar pores.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Penghui Li, Weiqi Guo, Jinbo Fan, Chen Su, Xiuguo Zhao, Xinxi Xu
Summary: Accurately estimating the deposition of inhaled particles in the pulmonary acinus is crucial for reducing the damage of ambient aerosols or maximizing drug particles' efficacy. This study investigates the effect of wall motion and interparticle collisions on aerosol deposition in a four-generation human acinar model. The results show that both wall motion and interparticle collisions have a significant impact on particle deposition.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Mechanics
Mori Mani, Andrew J. Dorgan
Summary: In this review, the increasing use of computational fluid dynamics in the aerospace industry for designing and studying aircraft is discussed. The importance of geometry, turbulence models, numerical algorithms, mesh adaptation, and design optimization is highlighted. Challenges and suggestions for investment in each area are provided. The review concludes by envisioning a future where certification by analysis and model-based design are standard practices, and emphasizing the necessary steps to lead the industry in that direction.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yongjun Jin, Haihang Cui, Li Chen, Kai Sun, Zhe Liu
Summary: This study aims to construct a two-dimensional model of the distal lung including bronchi, acini, and alveolar pores, and reveals the important roles of alveolar pores in intra-pulmonary flow patterns and particle deposition.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thomas P. John, Claudio P. Fonte, Adam Kowalski, Thomas L. Rodgers
Summary: In this study, an angular momentum balance combined with computational fluid dynamics was used to correlate the power, flow, and mixer geometry of down-pumping pitched blade turbine geometries. The models developed from the results allow the prediction of power from flow (or vice versa) for different geometries, and it was found that the choice of measurement method can affect the relationship between power, flow, and impeller geometry.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kirill Mikhaylov, Stelios Rigopoulos, George Papadakis
Summary: The study combines reduced order modeling and system identification to reconstruct the temporal evolution of large-scale vortical structures behind the blades of a Rushton impeller. The results demonstrate that even using the velocity time signal from a single sensor point, the first pair of modes can be reconstructed well. Increasing the number of sensor points improves accuracy and stability, leading to better reconstruction of the second pair of POD modes. The estimator derived at Reynolds number 600 shows robustness when applied to flows at Reynolds numbers 500 and 700.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Meir Teitel, Shay Ozer, Vered Mendelovich
Summary: This study presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of airflow, temperature, and humidity patterns in an insect-proof screenhouse. The results showed significant differences in airflow in the upper region of the screenhouse, with large-scale rotating airflow formed in the center. The leeward section was found to be warmer and have a lower humidity ratio compared to the windward section.
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hector Dejea, Christian M. M. Schlepuetz, Natalia Mendez-Carmona, Maria Arnold, Patricia Garcia-Canadilla, Sarah L. L. Longnus, Marco Stampanoni, Bart Bijnens, Anne Bonnin
Summary: This study presents a customized isolated, perfused heart system compatible with synchrotron-based X-ray phase contrast imaging. The developed setup allows visualization of a beating perfused rat heart in 4D with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. It has the potential to serve as a tool for studying heart architecture and the structural dynamics of the cardiac cycle.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hayder A. Alhameedi, Joseph D. Smith, Paul Ani, Tanner Powley
Summary: In this study, a new air-assisted flare tip was designed to enhance waste gas mixing energy and improve flare performance. Tests showed high combustion efficiency and significant soot formation suppression, indicating the effectiveness of the new flare tip design.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hangyu Dang, Yi Xu
Summary: Hypothermic ventilation can noninvasively protect non-heart-beating donor lung from warm ischemia, which helps solve the problem of donor lung shortage. However, the lack of understanding of heat and mass transfer mechanisms during the process limits its clinical application. A study investigated the cooling characteristics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and found that ventilation conditions and droplet spraying can improve the cooling efficiency in the distal airway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jiaji Li, Ning Zhou, Zhidong Bai, Shun Zhou, Qian Chen, Chao Zuo
Summary: The study introduces an optimization analysis of illumination pattern in partially coherent optical diffraction tomography (PC-ODT), demonstrating a custom-build quantitative criterion to maximize the performance of phase optical transfer function (POTF). Experimental results show that the optimized illumination pattern outperforms other suboptimal patterns in terms of both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Avishka Wickramarachchi, Mehrdad Khamooshi, Aidan Burrell, Vincent A. Pellegrino, David M. Kaye, Shaun D. Gregory
Summary: This study investigated the impact of tip position of single-stage (SS) and multi-stage (MS) venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) drainage cannulae on the risk of thrombosis. Computational fluid dynamics was used to model flow dynamics, and several factors were measured to assess the risk of thrombosis. The results showed that the tip position of the drainage cannula had a significant impact on thrombosis risk.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Jie Chen, Min Zhu, Rikui Zhang, Jingyin Li
Summary: The transient launching process of a torpedo in a deep-sea simulator is a complex problem, involving fluid-solid coupling, projectile movement, and gap flow. This study improves the accuracy of computation results by considering the complete inner structure of the launching channel and using advanced mesh update methods. The acoustic computations based on the simulated flow field provide insights into the acoustic characteristics of launching noise.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Victor Jorge de Oliveira Marum, Livia Bueno Reis, Felipe Silva Maffei, Shahin Ranjbarzadeh, Ivan Korkischko, Rafael dos Santos Gioria, Julio Romano Meneghini
Summary: A quasi-1D mathematical model coupled with CFD simulations of a water ejector was presented, which was used to calculate friction loss coefficients, predict efficiency, and determine operational envelope. The CFD approach was validated with experimental data, showing that the k-omega SST turbulence model is the most suitable for capturing ejector flow characteristics under different operational conditions.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xuegao Wang, Jun Hu, Shuai Ma
Summary: This study employed Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) based data assimilation to optimize the model constants in body-force model (BFM). The assimilation method incorporated disparate data sources to improve the prediction accuracy. The results showed the effectiveness of the disparate data assimilation and the rationality of the optimized constants.
JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Quentin T. Monfroy, Martin Kundrat, Jingmai K. O'Connor, You Hai-Lu, Federica Marone, Marco Stampanoni, Benadik Smajda
Summary: Through analysis and description of the osteohistological features of Gansus yumenensis, a non-ornithurine Euornithes from China, we found that it is the fourth extinct Euornithes to exhibit uninterrupted bone deposition in all bone samples, providing further support for multiple origins of this feature outside of the bird crown group. This study is important for exploring the evolution and development of bone tissue in fossil birds.
Article
Optics
Jinqiu Xu, Zhentian Wang, Stefano van Gogh, Michal Rawlik, Simon Spindler, Marco Stampanoni
Summary: Grating interferometry breast computed tomography (GI-BCT) has the potential to improve soft tissue contrast and visualization of cancerous lesions for breast imaging. By adopting a helical GI-CT setup, the scanning time and complexity can be reduced while simultaneously reconstructing attenuation, phase contrast, and scattering images.
Article
Optics
Nazanin Samadi, Joan Vila-Comamala, Xianbo Shi, Umut T. Sanli, Christian David, Marco Stampanoni, Anne Bonnin
Summary: In a full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) setup, a refractive axicon is used as an X-ray beam shaper to match the ring-shaped aperture of the condenser. The axicon designs were explored analytically and with numerical simulations, and were produced by two-photon polymerization 3D printing on thin silicon nitride membrane substrates. The first characterization of the axicon was carried out at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source (Switzerland).
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhitian Shi, Konstantins Jefimovs, Marco Stampanoni, Lucia Romano
Summary: This paper introduces a method for realizing protruding sharp silicon nanopillar arrays by using displacement Talbot lithography combined with metal-assisted chemical etching in the gas phase. This combination allows for reliable and low-cost fabrication of large-scale ordered nanopillar arrays. Incorporating controlled uniformity of feature size, spatial frequency doubling, and high resolution of Talbot lithography, this proposed method provides an easy-to-scale-up processing for producing silicon pillar arrays for valuable applications in both micro and nano scales.
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hannes A. A. Loebner, Daniel Frauchiger, Silvan Mueller, Gian Guyer, Paul-Henry Mackeprang, Marco F. M. Stampanoni, Michael K. K. Fix, Peter Manser, Jenny Bertholet
Summary: This study aimed to experimentally assess the technical feasibility and quantify the mechanical and dosimetric accuracy of respiratory gating during Dynamic Trajectory Radiotherapy (DTRT) delivery. The results showed that gating can be successfully applied during DTRT delivery on a TrueBeam system, and it substantially improved the dosimetric performance.
Article
Optics
Stefano Van Gogh, Michal Rawlik, Alexandre Pereira, Simon Spindler, Subhadip Mukherjee, Marie-Christine Zdora, Martin Stauber, Rima Alaifari, Zsuzsanna Varga, Marco Stampanoni
Summary: X-ray grating interferometry CT (GI-CT) is an emerging imaging modality that provides three complementary contrasts - absorption, phase, and dark-field, increasing the diagnostic content of clinical breast CT. However, reconstructing the three image channels under clinically compatible conditions is challenging due to severe ill-conditioning of the tomographic reconstruction problem. In this study, a novel reconstruction algorithm was proposed to automatically fuse the absorption and phase channels, improving the performance of GI-CT compared to conventional CT at a clinical dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simon Spindler, Dominik Etter, Michal Rawlik, Maxim Polikarpov, Lucia Romano, Zhitian Shi, Konstantins Jefimovs, Zhentian Wang, Marco Stampanoni
Summary: Respiratory diseases are a common cause of death, and early detection is crucial. X-ray dark-field radiography (XDFR) shows promise for imaging lungs with unresolved micro-structures. In this study, porcine lungs and PMMA microspheres of various sizes were imaged using Talbot-Lau XDFR. The results indicate that the dark-field extinction coefficient of porcine lungs is similar to that of densely-packed PMMA spheres with a diameter of 200 μm, which corresponds to the mean alveolar structure size. The critical parameter for avoiding signal saturation in clinical lung dark-field imaging is identified as the autocorrelation length.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Lukas Schmid, Dallas M. Hyde, Johannes C. Schittny
Summary: Researchers quantitatively evaluated the microvascular maturation (MVM) in human lungs using stereological methods. They found that MVM increased logarithmically and showed a biphasic growth pattern, similar to alveolarization. The majority of alveolar microvasculature were mature at 2-3 years old, supporting previous hypotheses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Gian Guyer, Silvan Mueller, Yanick Wyss, Jenny Bertholet, Remo Schmid, Marco F. M. Stampanoni, Peter Manser, Michael K. Fix
Summary: This study develops a freely available collision prediction tool using Blender software, which accurately predicts possible collisions between the gantry, table, and patient in non-coplanar radiotherapy treatment. The tool is validated and found to have a high true positive rate and true negative rate. It allows for the calculation of collision-free zones and checking of treatment plans, providing visualizations of gantry and table movement.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Violette Deleeuw, Eric Carlson, Marjolijn Renard, Keith D. Zientek, Phillip A. Wilmarth, Ashok P. Reddy, Elise C. Manalo, Sara F. Tufa, Douglas R. Keene, Margie Olbinado, Marco Stampanoni, Sachiko Kanki, Hiromi Yanagisawa, Laura Muino Mosquera, Patrick Sips, Julie De Backer, Lynn Y. Sakai
Summary: This study investigates the role of TGF-beta signaling in different types of thoracic aortic diseases using mouse models and proteomics. The results suggest that reduced TGF-beta signaling is associated with microdissection, whereas increased TGF-beta signaling is associated with aneurysm and rupture.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hannes A. Loebner, Silvan Mueller, Werner Volken, Philipp Wallimann, Daniel M. Aebersold, Marco F. M. Stampanoni, Michael K. Fix, Peter Manser
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the impact of gantry-table rotation gradient on the plan quality in dynamic trajectory radiotherapy (DTRT). It is found that increasing the gradient improves dosimetric plan quality but also prolongs delivery time.
Article
Cell Biology
Sanja Blaskovic, Pinelopi Anagnostopoulou, Elena Borisova, Dominik Schittny, Yves Donati, David Haberthur, Zhe Zhou-Suckow, Marcus A. Mall, Christian M. Schleputz, Marco Stampanoni, Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo, Johannes C. Schittny
Summary: This study developed a new pipeline for analyzing all airspaces of the entire lung. The results demonstrated irregular widening of parenchymal airspaces in mice with cystic fibrosis-like lung disease and elastase-induced emphysema. The pipeline showed applicability to different imaging modalities and is suitable for studying structural alterations in chronic obstructive lung diseases.
Article
Optics
Ruizhi Tang, Caori Organista, Wannes Goethals, Wiebe Stolp, Marco Stampanoni, Jan Aelterman, Matthieu N. Boone
Summary: In this work, the interference patterns measured in lab-based dual-phase grating interferometry are analyzed and the spatial dependencies of the interference patterns and the large visibility deviations between theoretical prediction and experimental results are explained for the first time. A simulator based on wave propagation is developed to achieve this. The research demonstrates that the experimental results can be accurately simulated by considering the effective grating thickness profile induced by cone-beam geometry, the measured detector response function, and a non-ideal grating shape. Understanding dual-phase grating interferometry comprehensively lays the foundation for a more efficient and accurate algorithm to retrieve the structure information of samples, and the realistic simulator is a useful tool for optimizing the set-up.
Article
Optics
Caori Organista, Matias Kagias, Ruizhi Tang, Zhitian Shi, Konstantins Jefimovs, Matthieu N. Boone, Marco Stampanoni
Summary: Dual-phase X-ray grating interferometry (DP-XGI) is an imaging technique that can capture sub-micro scale structural information over millimeter-sized areas. By utilizing the scattering signal, structures below the intrinsic spatial resolution of the imaging system can be revealed. This study presents an optimization protocol for DP-XGI based on a simulation framework, using the mean visibility of fringes as a figure of merit.
Article
Surgery
Ivo Planinc, Ivana Ilic, Hector Dejea, Patricia Garcia-Canadilla, Hrvoje Gasparovic, Hrvoje Jurin, Davor Milicic, Bosko Skoric, Marco Stampanoni, Bart Bijnens, Anne Bonnin, Maja Cikes
Summary: Endomyocardial biopsies are the gold standard for monitoring graft rejection following heart transplantation. This study demonstrated the feasibility and agreement of using synchrotron propagation-based X-ray phase contrast imaging to assess acute cellular rejection, compared to classical histopathology. X-ray phase contrast imaging allows thorough analysis of myocardial samples without tissue preparation and enables identification of rejection.
TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)