Article
Immunology
Jayani Pathirana, Gaurav Kwatra, Innocent Maposa, Michelle J. Groome, Shabir A. Madhi
Summary: The study found that at seven months of age, infants with congenital CMV infection, postnatal CMV infection, and CMV-uninfected infants had similar immune responses to the DTaP-Hib-HBV vaccine, with close to 100% of infants having antigen-specific IgG concentrations above the level of protection for four out of five antigens.
Article
Microbiology
Wei Zhao, Weixin Chen, Juan Li, Meng Chen, Qin Li, Min Lv, ShanShan Zhou, Shuang Bai, Yali Wang, Lichi Zhang, Peng Zhang, Jian Wang, Qun Zheng, Jiang Wu
Summary: This study reported the long-term persistence of antibodies and cellular responses within 12 months after two doses of CoronaVac vaccine. The results showed that binding and neutralizing antibodies could be detected at 1 month after vaccination and remained detectable at significantly higher levels than baseline at 12 months. In addition, the study found that CoronaVac induced functional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells, which persisted up to 12 months after vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Cheng Wang, Yunhua Zhu, Penglu Chen, Chen Wang, Wanqing Zhou, Cuiping Zhang, Jing Wang, Xi Chen, Meng Ding, Chunni Zhang, Jun-Jun Wang, Chen-Yu Zhang
Summary: The majority of HCMV miRNAs were significantly upregulated in the serum of fever patients, suggesting their potential role in monitoring HCMV activation status in patients with immune disorders.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
T. W. Hoffman, C. H. M. van Moorsel, K. M. Kazemier, D. H. Biesma, J. C. Grutters, D. A. van Kessel
Summary: This study investigated the association between immune status at diagnosis and acute exacerbations as well as survival in patients with IPF. Elevated lymphocytes in BAL were associated with the development of AE-IPF and worse survival, while higher serum immunoglobulins and immune cells in blood were also associated with worse survival.
Article
Immunology
Ioanna Voulgaridi, Styliani Sarrou, Aikaterini Dadouli, Athanasia-Marina Peristeri, Asimina Nasika, Ilias Onoufriadis, Maria A. Kyritsi, Lemonia Anagnostopoulos, Aikaterini Theodoridou, Ioanna Avakian, Dimitra Pappa, Adamos-Konstantinos Konstantinou, Georgia Papadamou, Varvara A. Mouchtouri, Efi Petinaki, Matthaios Speletas, Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Summary: The study compared mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 with adenovirus vector-based vaccines in terms of adverse reactions, immunogenicity, and protection against COVID-19. Both types of vaccines caused mild side-effects and induced adequate antibody responses. However, BNT162b2 showed superior intensity of antibody responses and better protection against severe COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Cayce E. Dorrier, Dorian B. McGavern
Summary: Infiltration of peripheral B cells into the CNS provides defense against neurotropic infections but can also contribute to neuroinflammatory diseases. The meninges serve as an important site for B-cell development and tolerance, as well as a location for plasma cells to secrete antibodies and sequester pathogens. However, pathological responses, such as the development of ectopic lymphoid structures in the meninges, can promote autoimmune damage in the CNS.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stuart G. Tangye, Deborah L. Burnett, Rowena A. Bull
Summary: This review article investigates the establishment of effective and long-lasting immunity against SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the physiological birthplace of adaptive immunity - the germinal centers, as well as the characteristics of systemic and local humoral immune responses following natural infection or vaccination with SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Roberta Rizzo, Daria Bortolotti, Luca Morandi, Sabrina Rizzo, Giovanna Schiuma, Silvia Beltrami, Alberto Papi, Marco Contoli
Summary: This study reports the relevance of serum antibody levels and the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The findings show that booster dose induces enhanced humoral and adaptive immune responses and early activation of memory CD8+ T subset.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Michael Whitehead, Andrew Osborne, Patrick Yu-Wai-Man, Keith Martin
Summary: Viral vectors like AAV are effective for gene therapy, but pre-existing and induced NAbs in humans can limit their efficiency. Overcoming NAb responses remains a challenge, with successful translation of strategies into clinical practice still limited.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Skaalum Petersen, Laura Perez-Alos, Sunnvor K. Kongsstovu, Eina Hansen Eliasen, Cecilie Bo Hansen, Solrun Larsen, Johanna Ljosa Hansen, Rafael Bayarri-Olmos, Jogvan Pall Fjallsbak, Pal Weihe, Peter Garred
Summary: The immunity following infection and vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is poorly understood. This study investigated the antibody and T-cell responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with and without Omicron infection. The results showed that the humoral response was higher among vaccinated-naive individuals compared to unvaccinated convalescent individuals. Unvaccinated individuals with and without infection had similarly low humoral responses, while vaccinated individuals with a second or third dose had increasingly higher levels. Only a minor fraction of unvaccinated individuals had detectable humoral responses following Omicron infection, while almost all had positive T-cell responses. In conclusion, primary Omicron infection mounts a low humoral immune response, enhanced by prior vaccination. Omicron infection induced a robust T-cell response in both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, with a greater impact on humoral immunity than T-cell immunity.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yao Deng, Liting Huang, Peixin Liu, Xuyang Geng, Zefang Lin, Zhixiong Zheng, Meixiao Zhan, Zhiren Zhang, Junwei Liu, Taoping Sun
Summary: The third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine significantly improves the body's ability to fight against the virus. Higher levels of vitamin D are associated with decreased levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies and lower seropositive rates for the omicron variant after vaccination. Further studies with larger patient cohorts of different nutritional statuses are needed to confirm these results.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Chenfei He, Shan Wang, Chikai Zhou, Minghui He, Jin Wang, Marcus Ladds, Danai Lianoudaki, Saikiran K. Sedimbi, David P. Lane, Lisa S. Westerberg, Shuijie Li, Mikael C. Karlsson
Summary: CD36 plays a critical role in regulating macro-autophagy in B cells, and its deficiency impairs the humoral immune response, leading to reduced plasma cell formation, mitochondrial mobilization, and oxidative phosphorylation. CD36 also regulates autophagy and is involved in T-cell-dependent immune responses.
Article
Virology
F. Hodel, A. Y. Chong, P. Scepanovic, Z. M. Xu, O. Naret, C. W. Thorball, S. Rueger, P. Marques-Vidal, P. Vollenweider, M. Begemann, H. Ehrenreich, N. Brenner, N. Bender, T. Waterboer, A. J. Mentzer, A. V. S. Hill, C. Hammer, J. Fellay
Summary: The study identified significant associations between certain genes and the humoral immune response against human polyomaviruses, providing insights into the genetic control of these common viruses and highlighting genes and pathways involved in modulating human humoral immunity.
Article
Immunology
Igor Age Kos, Maximilian Kiefer, Katharina Brill, Onur Cetin, Joerg Thomas Bittenbring, Manfred Ahlgrimm, Sigrun Smola, Stefan Lohse, Konstantinos Christofyllakis, Dominic Kaddu-Mulindwa, Frank Neumann, Bewarder Moritz, Thurner Lorenz
Summary: Patients with cancer or autoimmune diseases undergoing therapy are at higher risk of insufficient immune response following COVID-19 vaccination. Alterations in the B-cell compartment are correlated with lower antibody titers.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Van Beek, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Arup K. Chakraborty
Summary: The humoral immune response relies on B cells and antibodies to provide immune protection. Memory B cells play a crucial role in reinfection or booster vaccination. Selective expansion of memory B cells with high affinity outside germinal centers results in a rapid production of optimal antibodies upon reexposure to the same antigen. Memory B cells that enter secondary germinal centers can undergo mutation and selection, leading to more potent immune responses over time. The diversity of memory B cells generated in germinal centers is important in providing protection against variant antigens.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
