Review
Immunology
Anna J. Jasinska, Ivona Pandrea, Cristian Apetrei
Summary: CCR5 is a chemokine receptor that plays a central role in immune responses and inflammation. It is involved in the pathogenesis of various health conditions, including HIV infection. Natural loss-of-function mutations of CCR5 can render individuals resistant to HIV. In addition, many African nonhuman primate species have developed strategies to minimize the effects of SIV infection by modulating CCR5 activity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yueqi Du, Ellen Wu, Xiang Gao, Jie Zhang, John C. Martin, Bruce A. Rosa, Makedonka Mitreva, Lee Ratner
Summary: This study provides a deeper understanding of the viral genetic determinants of coreceptor shift by combining single-genome sequence analysis and next-generation sequencing. It highlights the importance of low-frequency mutants in the development of drug resistance and the role of specific amino acid substitutions outside the V3 region. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of residues in the V1/V2, V4, C3, and C4 domains in coreceptor shift.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xiao L. Chang, Jason S. Reed, Gabriela M. Webb, Helen L. Wu, Jimmy Le, Katherine B. Bateman, Justin M. Greene, Cleiton Pessoa, Courtney Waytashek, Whitney C. Weber, Joseph Hwang, Miranda Fischer, Cassandra Moats, Oriene Shiel, Rachele M. Bochart, Hugh Crank, Don Siess, Travis Giobbi, Jeffrey Torgerson, Rebecca Agnor, Lina Gao, Kush Dhody, Jacob P. Lalezari, Ivo Sah Bandar, Alnor M. Carnate, Alina S. Pang, Michael J. Corley, Scott Kelly, Nader Pourhassan, Jeremy Smedley, Benjamin N. Bimber, Scott G. Hansen, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Jonah B. Sacha
Summary: The CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab has shown to be a safe and effective immunotherapy for suppressing HIV replication without significant side effects. It can fully occupy CCR5 receptors on CD4+ T cells and monocytes, leading to long-term virologic suppression in both humans and macaques.
Article
Virology
Isabelle M. Castro, Michael J. Ricciardi, Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto, Eva G. Rakasz, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, David Watkins, Mauricio A. Martins
Summary: This study tracks the long-term effects of an AIDS vaccine on rhesus macaques, showing sustained anti-SIV immune responses and successful protection against a second round of rectal SIV exposure. These findings are relevant for the development of HIV vaccines.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Sanath Kumar Janaka, Alexandra V. Palumbo, Aidin Tavakoli-Tameh, David T. Evans
Summary: The Nef proteins of HIV-1 and SIV enhance viral infectivity by preventing the incorporation of SERINC5 into virions. By systematically mapping Nef residues required for SERINC5 antagonism, it was found that separating this function allows comparison of replication in viruses that are or are not sensitive to SERINC5, revealing its impact on SIV replication in primary rhesus macaque CD4(+)T cells.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Sanath Kumar Janaka, Brian J. Snow, Ryan T. Behrens, David T. Evans
Summary: Tetherin is a protein that prevents viruses from detaching from infected cells by physically tethering them to cellular membranes. SIV Nef downmodulates simian tetherin to overcome this restriction in nonhuman primate hosts. In addition to counteracting tetherin, SIV Nef has a number of other functions, including downmodulating other proteins from the cell surface. Researchers have engineered an infectious molecular clone of SIV with substitutions in Nef that separate tetherin antagonism from other Nef functions. This study demonstrates the importance of tetherin antagonism for optimal replication of SIV in primary CD4(+) T cells.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Weitong Yao, Klaus Strebel, Shoji Yamaoka, Takeshi Yoshida
Summary: This study reveals the molecular mechanisms of how viral protein U (Vpu) antagonizes BST-2 in both human and its natural host, providing insights into viral transmission and immune evasion.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ignacio Giraudy, Cesar A. Ovejero, Jose L. Affranchino, Silvia A. Gonzalez
Summary: The study found that maraviroc can inhibit the interaction between SIV Env and CCR5, similar to its effect on HIV-1, thereby preventing membrane fusion activity of the virus.
Article
Virology
Farzaneh Ghasabi, Ava Hashempour, Nastaran Khodadad, Shokufeh Akbarinia, Mohammadreza Heydari, Zohre Foroozanfar
Summary: The HIV-V3 sequence plays a role in determining the tropism of HIV, but no consistent sequence can explain the tropism of R5 or X4 virus. This study found that R5 tropic viruses were predominant in the samples studied, but X4 tropism may increase the risk of treatment failure. There was good agreement between the DNA/RNA tropism results.
Article
Virology
Seiichi Kato, Hisatoshi Shida, Tomotaka Okamura, Xianfeng Zhang, Tomoyuki Miura, Tetsu Mukai, Makoto Inoue, Tsugumine Shu, Taeko K. Naruse, Akinori Kimura, Yasuhiro Yasutomi, Kazuhiro Matsuo
Summary: This study developed a urease-deficient bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and demonstrated its protective efficacy against SIV infection in Asian-origin cynomolgus monkeys. Strong immune responses were observed in some monkeys post-vaccination, leading to protection against SIV infection in a portion of the vaccinated animals.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harry J. Whitlow, Naresh T. Deoli, Armin de Vera, Karen Morgan, Francois Villinger
Summary: The study used PIXE to compare jejunal tissue samples from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected and control rhesus macaques, revealing significant differences in the concentrations of titanium, manganese, and iron between viremic and control tissues, likely due to the animals ingesting paint fragments from their cages.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Saori Matsuoka, Takeo Kuwata, Hiroshi Ishii, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Makoto Kuroda, Masato Sano, Midori Okazaki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Mikiko Shimizu, Shuzo Matsushita, Yohei Seki, Akatsuki Saito, Hiromi Sakawaki, Vanessa M. Hirsch, Tomoyuki Miura, Hirofumi Akari, Tetsuro Matano
Summary: This study found a potent antibody induction associated with germ line BCR/antibody Ig gene polymorphism in rhesus macaques infected with SIV. The results demonstrate that a single nucleotide polymorphism in germ line Ig genes could be a determinant for induction of potent antibodies against virus infection. Germ line BCR/antibody Ig gene polymorphisms may be a factor restricting effective antibody induction or responsiveness to vaccination.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Wellinton M. do Nascimento, Aline Machiavelli, Luiz G. E. Ferreira, Luisa Cruz Silveira, Suwellen S. D. de Azevedo, Gonzalo Bello, Daniel P. Smith, Melissa P. Mezzari, Joseph F. Petrosino, Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte, Carlos R. Zarate-Blades, Aguinaldo R. Pinto
Summary: The study investigated the gut microbiota profile of antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1 patients and healthy donors, revealing that different infection routes and HIV subtypes may be associated with variations in gut microbiota composition.
Article
Biology
Takafumi Oda, Kwang Su Kim, Yasuhisa Fujita, Yusuke Ito, Tomoyuki Miura, Shingo Iwami
Summary: SHIVs serve as appropriate animal models for HIV due to the narrow host range of HIV. Different strains of SHIVs, such as SHIV-KS661 and SHIV-#64, exhibit varied pathogenesis, with differences in CD4(+) T cell depletion and host immune responses. The basic reproduction number, rather than SHIV strains, plays a key role in determining systemic CD4(+)T cell depletion and subsequent antibody responses.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Natasja G. de Groot, Corrine M. C. Heijmans, Suzanne Bezstarosti, Jesse Bruijnesteijn, Geert W. Haasnoot, Arend Mulder, Frans H. J. Claas, Sebastiaan Heidt, Ronald E. Bontrop
Summary: MHC class I molecules are crucial for adaptive immune responses and mismatches between MHC allotypes can trigger alloimmune responses in transplantation. Rhesus macaques are valuable for transplantation research and vaccine evaluation, and human HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect the presence of specific Mamu molecules in vitro. The identified human HLA-reactive mAbs, OK4F9 and OK4F10, can recognize Mamu allotypes and may be valuable tools for monitoring and research in SIV-related studies.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
