Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia, Dylan Burger, Vance B. Matthews, Janis M. Nolde, Marcio Galindo Kiuchi, Revathy Carnagarin, Dennis Kannenkeril, Justine Chan, Anu Joyson, Lakshini Y. Herat, Omar Azzam, Markus P. Schlaich
Summary: Microparticles are small cell vesicles derived from the cell membrane, with growing evidence linking them to cardiovascular disease through inflammation, endothelial function, and thrombosis. Research on the direct causal link between microparticle release and their implications on physiological and pathological conditions is ongoing.
Article
Rheumatology
Gulsen Ozen, Sofia Pedro, Rebecca Schumacher, Teresa Simon, Kaleb Michaud
Summary: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, factors such as older age, male sex, comorbidities, prior fracture, worse disability, higher disease activity, and glucocorticoid use increase the risk of both venous thromboembolism (VTE) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors are common to both ASCVD and VTE, with obesity being an exception that only increases the risk of ASCVD. The study also found that the risk of ASCVD doubles after an unprovoked VTE, suggesting that VTE may be part of a spectrum of pan-cardiovascular syndrome mediated by inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Melanie Bailey, Dermot Linden, Hong Guo-Parke, Olivia Earley, Tunde Peto, Danny F. F. McAuley, Clifford Taggart, Joseph Kidney
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors in the lungs, leading to endothelial pathology and activation of the contact-kinin pathway, resulting in clotting and inflammatory lung disease. Blood tests of hospitalized patients show prolonged APTT, decreased platelet counts, and lymphopenia, indicating consumption and emergence of lymphocytic pneumonitis. Bradykinin is involved in the development of edema and release of IL-6, contributing to thrombosis and lymphocytic pneumonitis. Measurements of platelets, lymphocytes, and APTT can help stratify the risk of developing ARDS.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Maria J. Iglesias, Larissa D. Kruse, Laura Sanchez-Rivera, Linnea Enge, Philip Dusart, Mun-Gwan Hong, Mathias Uhlen, Thomas Renne, Jochen M. Schwenk, Goran Bergstrom, Jacob Odeberg, Lynn M. Butler
Summary: This study identified 216 proteins associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor exposure, and showed a relationship between individual cardiovascular disease risk and corresponding biomarker profiles. The findings indicate that EC proteins in plasma could reflect vascular health status.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mpiko Ntsekhe, Jason V. Baker
Summary: The widespread use of contemporary antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV into a chronic illness associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Current clinical care and research aim to improve outcomes, survival, and quality of life for individuals with HIV-related cardiovascular diseases. However, individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy still face a higher risk of ischemic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke compared to those without HIV.
Review
Hematology
Joseph E. Aslan
Summary: Platelets rapidly change in form and function to repair vascular damage, but in chronic inflammatory conditions, diverse platelet subpopulations with various activated or inhibited phenotypes emerge, potentially indicating disease. The origins and significance of these platelet phenotypic variations remain unclear. Understanding the protein-level relationships of platelets in inflammation, immune response, and aging may help define platelet phenotypes.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Gerard Temprano-Sagrera, Colleen M. Sitlani, William P. Bone, Miguel Martin-Bornez, Benjamin F. Voight, Alanna C. Morrison, Scott M. Damrauer, Paul S. de Vries, Nicholas L. Smith, Maria Sabater-Lleal
Summary: This study discovered four novel genetic loci by combining summary data of different hemostatic traits and disease events, contributing to the understanding of the relationship between hemostasis and cardiovascular events and elucidating common genetic factors between these traits.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Dahai Yu, Xiaoyang Huang, Mamas A. Mamas, Ross Wilkie
Summary: A comparison of cardiovascular risk factors between populations with and without osteoarthritis in the UK over 25 years revealed a consistently higher prevalence of modifiable risk factors in individuals with osteoarthritis, especially when multiple risk factors were present. Findings suggest the importance of addressing cardiovascular risk factors, particularly obesity, in individuals with osteoarthritis.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nan Zhang, Ziheng Jia, Tianshu Gu, Yi Zheng, Yunpeng Zhang, Wenhua Song, Ziliang Chen, Guangping Li, Gary Tse, Tong Liu
Summary: This study explores the causal relationships between genetically predicted risk factors and frailty, finding significant associations between genetic liability to certain diseases and lifestyle factors with increased risk of frailty. It also identifies a negative association between college education and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level with frailty risk.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Ascencion Globisch, Favour Chinyere Onyeogaziri, Ross Osborne Smith, Maximiliano Arce, Peetra Ulrica Magnusson
Summary: This review provides an overview of the latest molecular insights into CCM as a hemostatic disease, highlighting the crucial role of endothelial dysfunction in disease progression and severity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hasan K. Siddiqi, Peter Libby, Paul M. Ridker
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 causes multi-system dysfunction, with emerging evidence indicating that endothelial injury plays a crucial role. Therapies targeting vascular system dysfunction may be important in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection and its long-lasting effects.
TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Mariana Brandao Franco, Leticia Lemos Jardim, Beatriz Nogueira de Carvalho, Fernando Basques, Daniel Dias Ribeiro, Leonardo Soares Pereira, Suely Meireles Rezende
Summary: In this study, clinical and laboratory data of 46 patients with moderate and severe yellow fever were evaluated. It was found that patients with SYF had reduced platelets, prolonged clotting time, decreased levels of coagulation factors, and significantly elevated d-dimer levels. Patients who died had more bleeding and major bleeding, as well as poorer coagulation function.
ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Tazio Maleitzke, Sijia Zhou, Dario Zocholl, Florian Nima Fleckenstein, David Alexander Back, Julius Maximilian Plewe, Jerome Weber, Tobias Winkler, Ulrich Stoeckle, Serafeim Tsitsilonis, Sven Maerdian
Summary: Knife crime has increased in Northern Europe, leading to an increase in stab injury cases. This study aims to analyze routine laboratory parameters and their association with ICU admission, hospitalization, and surgeries in stab injury patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ting Zhang, Shiu-Lun Au Yeung, C. Mary Schooling
Summary: The study found bi-directional associations between arachidonic acid synthesis and cardiovascular disease risk factors, with some lipid indicators showing positive associations. Genetically predicted arachidonic acid was positively associated with ApoB and LDL-C, but not with other traits. The association of arachidonic acid with ischemic heart disease may be mediated through ApoB.
Review
Hematology
Johan W. M. Heemskerk, Jonathan West
Summary: This review discusses our current understanding of platelet diversity and its implications in hemostasis and thrombosis, as well as the advanced technologies that can provide new insights in this field. The term "diversity" is used to capture the intrasubject variability of platelets, which can be intrinsic or influenced by the environment, resulting in a heterogeneous response pattern in terms of aggregation, clot promotion, and external communication. The review highlights the use of advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing, proteomic approaches, advanced imaging techniques, and microfluidics assays to gain insights into the underlying causes of platelet molecular, structural, and functional diversity. It discusses various sources of diversity, including different allele-specific expression patterns in proliferating megakaryocytes, asymmetrical formation of proplatelets, changes in platelets induced by aging and priming, interplatelet heterogeneity in thrombus organization and stability, and platelet-dependent communications. The review also emphasizes the importance of these technologies in characterizing platelet populations and identifying platelet biomarkers for cardiovascular disease treatment.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Peter Heydon, Catherine Egan, Louis Bolter, Ryan Chambers, John Anderson, Steve Aldington, Irene M. Stratton, Peter Henry Scanlon, Laura Webster, Samantha Mann, Alain du Chemin, Christopher G. Owen, Adnan Tufail, Alicja Regina Rudnicka
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of an automated artificial intelligence algorithm in triaging retinal images from diabetic retinopathy screening programmes, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing test-positive/technical failure from test-negative images.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Artaza Gilani, Sheena E. Ramsay, Paul Welsh, Olia Papacosta, Lucy T. Lennon, Peter H. Whincup, S. Goya Wannamethee
Summary: The study found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of orthostatic hypotension, while vitamin D insufficiency is not. Future research should further investigate whether treating vitamin D deficiency can improve postural blood pressure.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mohammed T. Hudda, Christopher G. Owen, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Derek G. Cook, Peter H. Whincup, Claire M. Nightingale
Summary: Accurate assessment of childhood adiposity is crucial for individuals and populations. A novel prediction model based on height, weight and demographic factors showed better accuracy in predicting fat mass compared to bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Roshni Joshi, Goya Wannamethee, Jorgen Engmann, Tom Gaunt, Deborah A. Lawlor, Jackie Price, Olia Papacosta, Tina Shah, Therese Tillin, Peter Whincup, Nishi Chaturvedi, Mika Kivimaki, Diana Kuh, Meena Kumari, Alun D. Hughes, Juan P. Casas, Steve E. Humphries, Aroon D. Hingorani, A. Floriaan Schmidt
Summary: This study measured 14 triglyceride-containing lipoprotein subfraction metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance in a general population sample, establishing reference interval ranges. The results showed that triglyceride subfraction concentrations increased with age and body mass index, were higher in smokers, and in individuals with cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate reference interval ranges for clinical decision making regarding the role of triglycerides in cardiovascular disease.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Angela S. Donin, Claire M. Nightingale, Michael R. Perkin, Michael Ussher, Susan A. Jebb, Rikard Landberg, Paul Welsh, Naveed Sattar, Peymane Adab, Chris G. Owen, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Derek G. Cook, Peter H. Whincup
Summary: Intervening with breakfast cereals to increase cereal fiber intake in children is a feasible and effective method. The high-fiber group showed significant increases in cereal fiber intake and plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration compared to the low-fiber group.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Douglas G. J. McKechnie, A. Olia Papacosta, Lucy T. Lennon, Paul Welsh, Peter H. Whincup, S. Goya Wannamethee
Summary: The study found that inflammatory biomarkers are associated with natriuretic peptide activity and may explain the link between inflammation and incident heart failure (HF). Higher baseline inflammatory markers were related to an increased risk of developing HF, but this relationship weakened after adjustment for NT-proBNP levels.
BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Douglas G. J. McKechnie, A. Olia Papacosta, Lucy T. Lennon, Sheena E. Ramsay, Peter H. Whincup, S. Goya Wannamethee
Summary: In these older men, the combination of slow walk speed, low sit-stand time, and balance problems were associated with a high risk of incident HF, independent of established risk factors and inflammatory markers. However, undiagnosed HF at baseline may still be a confounder. There is a differential association between aspects of the frailty phenotype and incident HF.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robyn J. Tapp, Christopher G. Owen, Sarah A. Barman, David P. Strachan, Roshan A. Welikala, Paul J. Foster, Peter H. Whincup, Alicja R. Rudnicka
Summary: The study found clear associations between retinal microvascular architecture and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with diabetes, indicating potential preclinical disease processes and suggesting impaired autoregulation due to hyperglycemia may play a pivotal role in the development of diabetes-related microvascular complications.
Article
Ophthalmology
Abraham Olvera-Barrios, Amit Mishra, Roy Schwartz, Mumina Khatun, Michael Seltene, Celestine Rutkowska, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Christopher G. Owen, Adnan Tufail, Catherine A. Egan
Summary: Most patients with visual impairment are not registered, which may result in underestimation of diabetes-related visual impairment and all-cause visual impairment at a national level. Further research is needed to explore the rates of visual impairment and registration uptake.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Alicja R. Rudnicka, Roshan A. Welikala, Sarah A. Barman, Paul J. Foster, Robert Luben, Shabina A. Hayat, Kay-Tee Khaw, Peter H. Whincup, David P. Strachan, Christopher G. Owen
Summary: This study examined the integration of AI-enabled retinal vasculometry in existing risk algorithms for incident stroke, myocardial infarction, and circulatory mortality, finding that the simplified RV model performed equally or better than traditional risk-score models in certain aspects.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Lucia Magee, Lucy P. Goldsmith, Umar A. R. Chaudhry, Angela S. Donin, Charlotte Wahlich, Elizabeth Stovold, Claire M. Nightingale, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Christopher G. Owen
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions to improve sleep duration in healthy children and identify the key components of these interventions. The results showed that interventions focused on earlier bedtimes were associated with a significant increase in sleep duration in children, which could have important benefits for child health.
Article
Ophthalmology
Abraham Olvera-Barrios, Alicja R. Rudnicka, John Anderson, Louis Bolter, Ryan Chambers, Alasdair N. Warwick, Roshan Welikala, Jiri Fajtl, Sarah Barman, Paolo Remgnino, Yue Wu, Aaron Y. Lee, Emily Y. Chew, Frederick L. Ferris, Aroon Hingorani, Reecha Sofat, Catherine A. Egan, Adnan Tufail, Christopher G. Owen, A. R. I. A. S. Res Grp ARIAS Res Grp
Summary: This study examined the potential impact of biennial versus annual screening on the detection of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) among people with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DR).
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Abraham Olvera-Barrios, Yuka Kihara, Yue Wu, Alasdair N. Warwick, Philipp L. Mueller, Katie M. Williams, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Christopher G. Owen, Aaron Y. Lee, Catherine Egan, Adnan Tufail
Summary: This study examines the relationship between sociodemographic and ocular factors with optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived foveal curvature (FC) in healthy individuals. The results show significant associations between gender, ethnicity, ocular factors, and FC. Ocular factors are negatively correlated with FC, while income is positively correlated.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)