Lanthanum cobaltite nanoparticles using the polymeric precursor method

The present study reports the evolution of reactive lanthanum cobaltite nanoparticles obtained by a polymeric precursor route, using citric acid as chelating agent. The crystallization from amorphous precursor, particle growth and the formation of nanoparticle agglomerates at different calcination temperatures was carried out by conventional and high-resolution electron microscopy, electron diffraction and energy-dispersive Xray analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Microstructure measurements were compared with X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis results. Electron diffraction, combined with TEM, was used to determine the proportion of amorphous phase. The presence of amorphous carbon during the decomposition of the amorphous precursor was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The coherent crystalline domain size and the particle size have been monitored by XRD and electron microscopy in order to determine the evolution of both crystal size and the temperature onset for the formation of polycrystalline aggregates. The results demonstrate that at 550 degrees C we obtain pure single-phase equiaxed nanopowders of LaCoO(3) with crystal size of 20 nm, free of amorphous carbon and without the presence of polycrystalline aggregates. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved.