Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruna Tereza Thomazini Zanella, Isabele Cristina Magiore, Bruno Oliveira Silva Duran, Guilherme Gutierrez Pereira, Igor Simoes Tiagua Vicente, Pedro Luiz Pucci Figueiredo Carvalho, Rondinelle Artur Simoes Salomao, Edson Assuncao Mareco, Robson Francisco Carvalho, Tassiana Gutierrez de Paula, Margarida Maria Barros, Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
Summary: The study found that the antioxidant ascorbic acid plays a role in muscle recovery in fish, promoting muscle growth and gene expression. In in vivo experiments, high doses of ascorbic acid can increase muscle cell diameter and the expression of related genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Olivier Le Bacquer, Kassandra Lanchais, Kristell Combe, Loic Van Den Berghe, Stephane Walrand
Summary: Sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, is associated with changes in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis, which may be regulated by the endocannabinoid system. The CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant stimulates protein synthesis independently of CB1, suggesting potential for treating sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenneth D'Souza, Caleb Acquah, Angella Mercer, Yadab Paudel, Thomas Pulinilkunnil, Chibuike C. Udenigwe, Petra C. Kienesberger
Summary: A study showed that consumption of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) exacerbates high fat diet-induced weight gain and impairs glucose homeostasis, accompanied by increased inflammation, ectopic fat accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dulce Peris-Moreno, Laura Cussonneau, Lydie Combaret, Cecile Polge, Daniel Taillandier
Summary: Skeletal muscle loss is a harmful side effect of chronic diseases, increasing mortality and morbidity. The ubiquitin proteasome system plays a key role in regulating muscle contraction and metabolism through targeting key proteins for degradation or activity modulation via E3 ubiquitin ligases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher G. Vann, Robert W. Morton, Christopher B. Mobley, Ivan J. Vechetti, Brian K. Ferguson, Cody T. Haun, Shelby C. Osburn, Casey L. Sexton, Carlton D. Fox, Matthew A. Romero, Paul A. Roberson, Sara Y. Oikawa, Chris McGlory, Kaelin C. Young, John J. McCarthy, Stuart M. Phillips, Michael D. Roberts
Summary: This study examined the association between genotype and resistance training-induced changes in lean soft tissue mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, identifying potential links between GLI3 gene variant and hypertrophic responses. Future studies are needed to confirm this association.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Prasanthi Jegatheesan, Christel Vicente, Perrine Marquet de Rouge, Nathalie Neveux, Radji Ramassamy, Salimata Magassa, Christian Aussel, Agathe Raynaud-Simon, Luc Cynober, Jean-Pascal De Bandt
Summary: The combination of citrulline and lactoserum has shown significant effects on plasma and muscle amino acid levels in aged rats, leading to the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, which may promote protein synthesis and muscle anabolism.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
B. G. Carter, N. Cheng, R. Kapoor, G. H. Meletharayil, M. A. Drake
Summary: Milk can be fractionated into various components using microfiltration technology, offering unique functional and nutritional benefits for new product development. Microfiltration shows promise in improving efficiency and quality in dairy production, particularly in cheese making. These new ingredients could provide unique functional and flavor properties in food applications, presenting potential growth opportunities in response to consumer demand for safe and nutritious foods.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Christopher G. Vann, Cody T. Haun, Shelby C. Osburn, Matthew A. Romero, Paul A. Roberson, Petey W. Mumford, C. Brooks Mobley, Hudson M. Holmes, Carlton D. Fox, Kaelin C. Young, Michael D. Roberts
Summary: This study found that one week of active recovery after high-intensity training block instigates marginal molecular differences in skeletal muscle compared to passive recovery. However, from a practical standpoint, both paradigms elicited largely similar responses.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Baraldo, Leonardo Nogara, Georgia Ana Dumitras, Achille Homere Tchampda Dondjang, Alessia Geremia, Marco Scalabrin, Clara Turk, Frederik Telkamp, Lorena Zentilin, Mauro Giacca, Marcus Kruger, Bert Blaauw
Summary: Loss of Raptor diminishes muscle hypertrophy and force increase after Akt activation, indicating mTORC1 as the key mediator of Akt-dependent muscle growth regulating the mitochondrial proteome critical for enhancing muscle force.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. Max Michel, Kristy K. Lievense, Sam C. Norton, Juliana V. Costa, Kathryn H. Alphin, Lydia A. Bailey, Gary D. Miller
Summary: This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT) and protein intake on muscle in older adults. The results showed that RT improved muscle quality and function, and the type of protein intake did not have a significant impact on the outcomes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bruna Petry, Gabriel Costa Monteiro Moreira, Aline Goncalves Lio Copola, Marcela Maria de Souza, Fernanda Cristina da Veiga, Erika Cristina Jorge, Jane de Oliveira Peixoto, Monica Correa Ledur, James E. Koltes, Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
Summary: This study investigated the role of SAP30 gene in muscle development by downregulating it in C2C12 muscle cell culture and analyzing its impact on morphometric traits and gene expression. The results showed that modulation of SAP30 expression increased myotube area, indicating its involvement in muscle hypertrophy. RNA-seq analysis further supported the role of SAP30 gene in regulating muscle development.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vinaya Simha, Ian R. Lanza, Surendra Dasari, Katherine A. Klaus, Nathan Le Brasseur, Ivan Vuckovic, Marcello C. Laurenti, Claudio Cobelli, John D. Port, K. Sreekumaran Nair
Summary: Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) is characterized by muscle hypertrophy and insulin resistance. However, FPL patients do not show increased muscle strength despite their muscularity, and experience earlier fatigue during exercise. This is accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function and altered gene expression, which may explain the metabolic abnormalities and skeletal muscle dysfunction in FPL patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Natany G. Reis, Ana P. Assis, Natalia Lautherbach, Dawit A. Goncalves, Wilian A. Silveira, Henrique J. N. Morgan, Rafael R. Valentim, Lucas F. Almeida, Lilian C. Heck, Neusa M. Zanon, Tatiana E. Koike, Audrei R. Santos, Elen H. Miyabara, Isis C. Kettelhut, Luiz C. Navegantes
Summary: This study found that maternal vitamin D deficiency selectively affects the development of type-II muscle fibers in male offspring rats, leading to muscle atrophy. However, compensatory increase in vitamin D content in adult age may increase fiber size and fatigue resistance.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrew T. Askow, Kevin J. M. Paulussen, Colleen F. McKenna, Amadeo F. Salvador, Susannah E. Scaroni, Jade S. Hamann, Alexander Ulanov, Zhong Li, Scott A. Paluska, Kayleigh M. Beaudry, Michael De Lisio, Nicholas A. Burd
Summary: This study found that creatine supplementation effectively increased muscle creatine content, while creatyl-L-leucine did not have the same effect.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Elliott C. R. Hall, Ekaterina A. Semenova, Elvira A. Bondareva, Liliya B. Andryushchenko, Andrey K. Larin, Pawel Cieszczyk, Edward Generozov, Ildus I. Ahmetov
Summary: This study found a positive relationship between having more alleles associated with increased BCAA metabolites and muscle fiber CSA in physically active individuals, especially in those habitually consuming WPS. These results suggest that a high number of BCAA-increasing alleles improve the efficiency of WPS by stimulating muscle protein synthesis and contributing to greater fiber CSA.
Review
Rehabilitation
Jordan M. Fenton, James A. King, Sven P. Hoekstra, Sydney E. Valentino, Stuart M. Phillips, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Summary: This review compares different intervention modalities for increasing skeletal muscle mass in the paralysed limbs of individuals with motor complete spinal cord injury. The findings suggest that resistance training using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the quadriceps produces the largest and most consistent increases in muscle mass.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Oliver C. Witard, Arny A. Ferrando, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: This invited editorial celebrates the distinguished professional life of Professor Kevin D. Tipton, who made outstanding contributions to the scientific field of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. His research had far-reaching impact on athletes, clinical implications, and the understanding of muscle protein metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Alasdair Cameron, Griffen Wakelin, Nicholas Gaulton, Laura Young, Scott Wotherspoon, Nathan Hodson, Matthew J. Lees, Daniel R. Moore, Adam P. Johnston
Summary: Skeletal muscle repair and maintenance in humans rely on interstitial cell populations such as vascular cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). The study revealed the presence of a vascular-related cell type, termed endothelial-like pericytes (ELPCs), which may represent a transition state between endothelial cells and pericytes. FAPs expressing TWIST2 mRNA and protein were also identified. These findings shed light on the complexity of stromal cells in human skeletal muscle and demonstrate the usefulness of single-cell RNA sequencing for characterizing poorly described cell populations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Takeshi M. Barnes, Max T. Deutz, Zan Zupancic, Andrew T. Askow, Daniel R. Moore, Nicholas A. Burd
Summary: This paper argues that optimizing protein intakes rather than maximizing them can prevent an excessive focus on muscle-centric protein requirements. An optimal eating approach aims to minimize amino acid waste and effectively promote muscle protein growth after meals. To achieve this, it is important to recognize that higher quality protein foods are more efficient in delivering essential amino acids into circulation, and the food matrix can be utilized to enhance the incorporation of these amino acids into muscle proteins.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vernon G. Coffey, Chris McGlory, Stuart M. Phillips, Thomas M. Doering
Summary: We investigated the relationship between pre-immobilization skeletal muscle size and the extent of muscle atrophy after 14 days of lower limb immobilization. Our findings suggest that pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and quadriceps cross-sectional area are not associated with the magnitude of muscle atrophy. However, there may be sex-based differences that require further confirmation.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. K. Brown, C. G. R. Perry, E. T. Prior, S. M. Phillips, L. E. Skelly, A. R. Josse
Summary: In this study, we compared the postprandial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), insulin, and glucose responses in young males after consuming two isonitrogenous doses of Greek-style yogurt and skimmed milk. The results showed that peak leucine and BCAA concentrations as well as the area under the curve were higher after consuming yogurt compared to milk, and the time to reach maximal leucine/BCAA concentrations was similar between the two conditions. This study demonstrates that protein-matched wholefood dairy products can elicit different postprandial aminoacidemic responses.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giulia Coletta, Josephine S. Jakubowski, Stuart M. Phillips, Stephanie Atkinson, Alexandra Papaioannou, Janet M. Pritchard
Summary: Sarcopenia is prevalent among total joint replacement (TJR) patients and non-TJR community participants, with lower protein intake being common in both groups. The study found that low appendicular lean soft-tissue mass (ALSTMBMI) was more common in TJR patients according to less conservative cut-points, while weakness was not a major issue. Moreover, higher daily protein intake was associated with better grip strength and ALSTMBMI. These findings suggest that a dietary intervention to increase protein intake may improve the surgical outcomes of TJR patients.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas B. Tiller, Stuart M. Phillips
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mikkel Oxfeldt, Stuart M. Phillips, Ole Emil Andersen, Frank Ted Johansen, Maj Bangshaab, Jeyanthini Risikesan, James McKendry, Anna Katarina Melin, Mette Hansen
Summary: Low energy availability may have negative effects on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in females undergoing exercise training.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Changhyun Y. Lim, James S. McKendry, Taylor Giacomin, Jonathan M. Mcleod, Sean Ng, Brad Currier, Giulia Coletta, Stuart Phillips
Summary: This study examined the effect of supplementation with Fortetropin (R) on muscle size and strength during single-leg immobilization and recovery in young men. The results showed that supplementation with FOR prevented the increase in circulating myostatin, but did not prevent disuse-induced muscle atrophy.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nasrin Nasimi, Zahra Sohrabi, Everson A. Nunes, Erfan Sadeghi, Sanaz Jamshidi, Zohreh Gholami, Marzieh Akbarzadeh, Shiva Faghih, Masoumeh Akhlaghi, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: The effects of whey protein supplementation alone or with vitamin D on sarcopenia-related outcomes in older adults are uncertain. However, this meta-analysis indicates that whey protein supplementation improves physical function, while co-supplementation with vitamin D enhances lean mass gains, muscle strength, and physical function significantly.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ritchie Ly, Brittany C. Macintyre, Stuart M. Philips, Chris Mcglory, David M. Mutch, Philip Britz-McKibbin
Summary: An alternative biomarker for omega-3 index (O3I) was identified using a high-throughput lipidomics method, which revealed that circulating phosphatidylcholines (PCs) can serve as surrogate biomarkers. The study also found that DHA was more effective than EPA in improving the O3I, particularly in young adults with poor nutritional status.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Michael D. Roberts, John J. McCarthy, Troy A. Hornberger, Stuart M. Phillips, Abigail L. Mackey, Gustavo A. Nader, Marni D. Boppart, Andreas N. Kavazis, Paul T. Reidy, Riki Ogasawara, Cleiton A. Libardi, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Frank W. Booth, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched. Most studies support the involvement of enhanced mTORC1 signaling, expansion of translational capacity, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and increased muscle protein synthesis rates. However, additional mechanisms may also be involved.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Giulia Coletta, Brad S. Currier, Stuart M. Phillips
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vernon G. Coffey, Chris McGlory, Stuart M. Phillips, Thomas M. Doering
Summary: We aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-immobilization skeletal muscle size and the magnitude of muscle atrophy after 14 days of unilateral lower limb immobilization. Our findings (n = 30) suggest that pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) are not correlated with the extent of muscle atrophy. However, further research is needed to confirm potential sex-based differences. In women, pre-immobilization leg fat-free mass and CSA are associated with changes in quadriceps CSA following immobilization (n = 9, r2 = 0.54-0.68; P < 0.05). The initial muscle mass does not affect the degree of muscle atrophy, but there may be sex-based differences.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)