Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dima W. Alhamad, Husam Bensreti, Jennifer Dorn, William D. Hill, Mark W. Hamrick, Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence
Summary: The AhR plays critical roles in regulating bone cell biology, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, the immune system, and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. It responds to both environmental pollutants and endogenous ligands, affecting signaling cascades and downstream effects. Understanding the mechanisms of AhR in bone is important for addressing skeletal disorders.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pedro P. C. de Souza, Petra Henning, Ulf H. Lerner
Summary: Oncostatin M (OSM) is a potent stimulator of osteoclast formation and plays a significant role in bone remodeling by inducing RANKL in osteoblasts. Gene deletion of Osmr in mice leads to decreased osteoclast numbers and increased trabecular bone thickness. OSM can promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, but in vivo administration in adult animals does not significantly increase osteoclast formation due to the negative feedback loop through the osteoclastogenesis inhibitor WNT16.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
So-Yeon Kim, Younseo Oh, Sungsin Jo, Jong-Dae Ji, Tae-Hwan Kim
Summary: AhR plays a role in human osteoclast differentiation, with high expression in early stages and decreased levels in mature osteoclasts. AhR agonists can inhibit osteoclast formation, with Kyn specifically suppressing differentiation at an early stage. Blockade of AhR signaling can reverse the inhibitory effects of Kyn on osteoclast differentiation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Hu, Xiaoqun Li, Xin Zhi, Wei Cong, Biaotong Huang, Huiwen Chen, Yajun Wang, Yinghua Li, Lipeng Wang, Chao Fang, Jiawei Guo, Ying Liu, Jin Cui, Liehu Cao, Weizong Weng, Qirong Zhou, Sicheng Wang, Xiao Chen, Jiacan Su
Summary: RANKL is essential for osteoclast formation and bone remodeling, with bone marrow adipose lineage cells being identified as a crucial cellular source for RANKL production. Conditional deletion of RANKL from these cells leads to an increase in cancellous bone mass in mice by reducing trabecular osteoclast formation and bone resorption, providing potential targets for preventing pathological bone loss.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Sun, Dong Yeon Shin, Mark Eiseman, Alisha R. Yallowitz, Na Li, Sarfaraz Lalani, Zan Li, Michelle Cung, Seoyeon Bok, Shawon Debnath, Sofia Jenia Marquez, Tommy E. White, Abdul G. Khan, Ivo C. Lorenz, Jae-Hyuck Shim, Francis S. Lee, Ren Xu, Matthew B. Greenblatt
Summary: Slitrk5 acts as a negative regulator of hedgehog signaling in osteoblasts by enhancing osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting hedgehog signaling downstream targets. Mechanistically, Slitrk5 interacts with hedgehog ligands via its extracellular domain and with PTCH1 via its intracellular domain, ultimately modulating hedgehog signaling activity in the primary cilium.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Farooq Riaz, Fan Pan, Ping Wei
Summary: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a widely studied ligand-activated transcription factor that is associated with various diseases. It regulates toxicological, biological, and cellular responses by responding to environmental toxins, dietary ligands, and allergens. Recent findings suggest that AhR also interacts with non-canonical factors to affect gene expression. AhR signaling has also been shown to have significant effects on immune cells and play a role in allergens-induced diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Josiane Fernandes da Silva, Juliana A. Bolsoni, Rafael M. da Costa, Juliano Alves, Alecsander F. M. Bressan, Luiz Eduardo Silva, Tiago J. Costa, Antonio E. R. Oliveira, Carla P. Manzato, Carlos A. Aguiar, Rubens Fazan, Fernando Q. Cunha, Helder Nakaya, Fernando S. Carneiro, Rita C. Tostes
Summary: The study suggests that AhR activation contributes to vascular dysfunction in obesity, but AhR deletion can alleviate dyslipidaemia and vascular dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet. Targeting AhRs may prevent obesity-associated vascular dysfunction.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chun Feng, Zhaowei Xu, Xiaojie Tang, Haifei Cao, Guilong Zhang, Jiangwei Tan
Summary: This review summarizes the regulatory effect of the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor (ERRα) on bone homeostasis and bone metastasis. The defined function of ERRα in bone is currently inconsistent and controversial, but it has the potential to become a target for clinical therapy.
Article
Biology
Kazuki Inoue, Yongli Qin, Yuhan Xia, Jie Han, Ruoxi Yuan, Jun Sun, Ren Xu, Jean X. Jiang, Matthew B. Greenblatt, Baohong Zhao
Summary: Adipoq-lineage progenitors in bone marrow are the main cellular source of M-CSF, producing much higher levels than osteoblast lineage cells. Deficiency of M-CSF in these progenitors significantly reduces the generation of bone marrow macrophages and osteoclasts, leading to severe osteopetrosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Su-Hyeon Cho, Seongsin Lee, Jae-Il Park, Yoon La Yang, Song-Rae Kim, Juhee Ahn, Hoibin Jeong, Hye-Yeon Jung, Nayoung Gwak, Kil-Nam Kim, Yumi Kim
Summary: This study explores aging traits in turquoise killifish spines and finds that aged fish exhibit body shape deformations and increased vertebral collapse, similar to age-related spinal stenosis in humans. The study also identifies gene expression changes related to age and reproduction.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rina Iwamoto, Masanori Koide, Nobuyuki Udagawa, Yasuhiro Kobayashi
Summary: Sclerostin inhibits bone formation by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in maintaining bone mass. The expression of sclerostin is regulated by various factors, which in turn govern bone metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ari Elson, Merle Stein, Grace Rabie, Maayan Barnea-Zohar, Sabina Winograd-Katz, Nina Reuven, Moran Shalev, Juraj Sekeres, Moien Kanaan, Jan Tuckermann, Benjamin Geiger
Summary: Bone homeostasis is a complex process involving a delicate balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Mutations in SNX10 may lead to acute recessive osteopetrosis by affecting osteoclast function. Research highlights the critical role of SNX10 in membrane functions of osteoclasts.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Dongchan Kim, Dong-Yeop Shin, Jun Liu, Na-rae Jeong, Youngil Koh, Junshik Hong, Xinxin Huang, Hal E. Broxmeyer, Sung-Soo Yoon
Summary: AhR antagonist CH223191 expands HSCs and MK-lineage cells, and has potential as an auxiliary treatment for patients with abnormal thrombopoiesis.
STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinyun Chen, Yujie Yang, Wade A. Russu, William K. Chan
Summary: The study reports that AHR undergoes chaperone-mediated autophagy in MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells, with specific characteristics and regulatory mechanisms involved in the degradation process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kalpana Patel, S. V. V. S. Ravi Mangu, Shinde Vijay Sukhdeo, Kunal Sharan
Summary: This study investigates the effects of sesamol on bone metabolism. It found that sesamol can promote bone formation but can also lead to bone deterioration in ovariectomized rats. These findings highlight the potential negative impact of sesamol in postmenopausal women.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)