Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mirja L. Pueschel, Fritjof Freise, Regina Carlson, Andrea Tipold, Jasmin Nessler
Summary: A quotient graph (Reibergram) based on CSF/serum quotient of albumin and IgA was developed to visualize intrathecal IgA synthesis and blood-CSF barrier dysfunction. The graph was validated and found to be effective in detecting blood-CSF barrier dysfunction and intrathecal IgA synthesis in most cases. It provides a feasible tool for routine CSF diagnostic testing.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Haowen Qiao, Yuanpu Chiu, Xinyan Liang, Shangzhou Xia, Mariam Ayrapetyan, Siqi Liu, Cuiling He, Ruocen Song, Jianxiong Zeng, Xiangxue Deng, Weiming Yuan, Zhen Zhao
Summary: The ChP-CSF system provides cushioning for the brain and helps clear waste. During sepsis, pathogens and immune cells can breach the ChP barrier and lead to neurological dysfunction. The study found that the cGAS-STING pathway plays a crucial role in the antiviral response.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shawn Hayley, Antoine M. Hakim, Paul R. Albert
Summary: Major depression may be a precursor to cognitive decline and dementia, with chronic stress and inflammation compromising brain function and leading to depression and mild cognitive impairment. Treating inflammatory changes in depression can reverse the condition, and anti-inflammatory and antidepressant treatments may reduce or prevent dementia in individuals with depression. Chronic stress and inflammation may increase brain permeability and cytokine production, eventually manifesting as depression, cognitive impairment, and potentially dementia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda, Sabela Rodriguez-Lorenzo, Jiji Attia, Jack van Horssen, Maarten E. Witte, Helga E. de Vries
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease where B cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, migrating into the central nervous system through various routes. Understanding the routes of B cell entry into the inflamed CNS is essential for comprehending the disease.
Review
Immunology
Marija Djukic, Peter Lange, Frank Erbguth, Roland Nau
Summary: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space is complex and influenced by various factors. The equilibrium of CSF components depends on the size of molecules or particles, and the typical features of CSF analysis vary between different parts. Identification of pathogens is crucial in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Urszula Kozlowska, Charles Nichols, Kalina Wiatr, Maciej Figiel
Summary: Studies on psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, are gaining interest in neuroscience research due to their potential therapeutic effects on psychiatric illnesses like depression. Recent research suggests that psychedelics may not only treat conditions like major depressive disorder, but also have benefits in treating brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Their exact molecular mechanisms and interactions within the central nervous system during brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases are still being investigated.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shi Yi Chia, Boon-Keat Khor, Yi Juin Tay, Kok Fui Liew, Chong-Yew Lee
Summary: Sulfuretin, a naturally occurring aurone, has been found to inhibit macrophage and microglia activation. In this study, a series of aurones were synthesized to improve their activity in targeting brain microglia and overcoming the blood-brain barrier. Evaluation of these aurones showed that some compounds were able to significantly reduce nitric oxide secretion in stimulated microglia. The most potent inhibitors had bulky, planar moieties and a pendant piperidine, and they inhibited microglial polarization towards the M1 state. Compound 2a showed high blood-brain barrier permeability and could potentially be used as a lead compound in the development of aurones as microglia inhibitors.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rebecca L. Winfree, Logan Dumitrescu, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Katherine A. Gifford, Kimberly R. Pechman, Angela L. Jefferson, Timothy J. Hohman
Summary: The study identified a novel association between high CSF levels of sTREM2 and A beta x-40, highlighting the potential contributions of A beta homeostasis and blood-brain barrier integrity to elevated CSF sTREM2 levels, which could predict future cognitive performance.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jessica Cusato, Valeria Avataneo, Miriam Antonucci, Mattia Trunfio, Letizia Marinaro, Alice Palermiti, Alessandra Manca, Giovanni Di Perri, Jacopo Mula, Stefano Bonora, Antonio D'Avolio, Andrea Calcagno
Summary: Neurocognitive impairments are common in people living with HIV, and various factors, including host genetic variants and inflammatory conditions, can affect the penetration of antiretroviral drugs in the cerebrospinal fluid. This study aimed to evaluate the penetration of antiretroviral drugs in the cerebrospinal fluid based on compartmental inflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, and genetic variants in drug transporter encoding genes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shan Shan, Yifan Zhang, Huiwen Zhao, Tao Zeng, Xiulan Zhao
Summary: The study found that 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) could pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate in the brains of mice, leading to activation of microglia and damage to neurons. In vitro studies also showed that PS-NPs could be internalized by cells and caused the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B), secretion of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-alpha), and cell death.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengzheng Ruan, Dongdong Zhang, Ruixue Huang, Wei Sun, Liyan Hou, Jie Zhao, Qingshan Wang
Summary: Chronic neuroinflammation damages dopaminergic neurons in a rotenone-induced mouse PD model through blood-brain barrier dysfunction mediated by microglial MMP-2/-9 activation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexei Verkhratsky, Augustas Pivoriuas
Summary: The nervous system is protected and separated from the body by a complex system of barriers. In the central nervous system (CNS), these barriers include the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier, the arachnoid blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal barrier of circumventricular organs, and the choroid plexus blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In the peripheral nervous system, the barrier is maintained by tight junctions between specialized glial cells known as perineural cells. Astroglia contribute to all barriers in the CNS, and their dysfunction can compromise the integrity of these barriers.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian Hsueh, Ritchie Chen, YoungJu Jo, Daniel Tang, Misha Raffiee, Yoon Seok Kim, Masatoshi Inoue, Sawyer Randles, Charu Ramakrishnan, Sneha Patel, Doo Kyung Kim, Tony X. Liu, Soo Hyun Kim, Longzhi Tan, Leili Mortazavi, Arjay Cordero, Jenny Shi, Mingming Zhao, Theodore T. Ho, Ailey Crow, Ai-Chi Wang Yoo, Cephra Raja, Kathryn Evans, Daniel Bernstein, Michael Zeineh, Maged Goubran, Karl Deisseroth
Summary: Emotional states influence bodily physiology, and it is unclear whether an increased heart rate can induce anxiety responses. Using noninvasive optogenetic methods, researchers found that optically induced tachycardia enhances anxiety-like behavior, suggesting that both central and peripheral processes are involved in the development of emotional states.
Review
Cell Biology
Ming Zhao, Xue-Fan Jiang, Hui-Qin Zhang, Jia-Hui Sun, Hui Pei, Li-Na Ma, Yu Cao, Hao Li
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with no satisfying curative therapies currently available. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier contributes to the onset and progression of AD, yet the pathogenesis caused by BBB injury remains unclear. Glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of BBB and neuronal function.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Christian Schubert, Michaela Ott, Julian Hannemann, Magdalena Singer, Harald R. Bliem, Kurt Fritzsche, Christina Burbaum, Emil Chamson, Dietmar Fuchs
Summary: This study investigated the effects of episodic practice of various complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques on emotional states and urinary neopterin levels in a breast cancer survivor. The results showed that CAM techniques led to short-term increases in positive mood and mental activity, followed by decreases in the long run. Moreover, lower neopterin levels following CAM practice point to potential health-promoting effects.
INTEGRATIVE CANCER THERAPIES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wei Jiang, Zhenwu Luo, Sophie Stephenson, Hong Li, Clara Di Germanio, Philip J. Norris, Dietmar Fuchs, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslen, Richard W. Price
Summary: Untreated HIV-infected individuals show increased plasma LPS, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, while healthy or treated HIV-infected individuals do not exhibit these changes. Plasma LPS levels are directly correlated with various markers of inflammation in both plasma and CSF, as well as with BBB permeability, but not with CSF NfL in HIV-infected subjects.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ji-Young Lee, Tiffany R. Glynn, Judith T. Moskowitz, Dietmar Fuchs, Torsten B. Neilands, Samantha E. Dilworth, Daniel J. Feaster, Allan Rodriguez, Adam W. Carrico
Summary: This longitudinal study found that a higher baseline kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in sexual minority men living with HIV could predict lower positive affect at 15 months. Future research should investigate whether bio-behavioral interventions targeting tryptophan degradation could optimize treatments for individuals with co-occurring HIV and stimulant use disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Friedrich Leblhuber, Daniela Ehrlich, Kostja Steiner, Simon Geisler, Dietmar Fuchs, Lukas Lanser, Katharina Kurz
Summary: The microbiota-gut-brain axis is crucial in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, with dysbiosis potentially leading to inflammation and neurodegeneration. Modulating the gut microbiota can slow cognitive decline.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lukas Lanser, Dietmar Fuchs, Hubert Scharnagl, Tanja Grammer, Marcus E. Kleber, Winfried Marz, Gunter Weiss, Katharina Kurz
Summary: The study found that anemia is associated with the severity and outcome of coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with elevated inflammatory markers.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sahab Arinrad, Justus B. H. Wilke, Anna Seelbach, Jose Doeren, Martin Hindermann, Umer Javed Butt, Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar, Lena Spieth, Anja Ronnenberg, Hong Pan, Stefan A. Berghoff, Michael Hollmann, Fred Luehder, Klaus-Armin Nave, Karl Bechter, Hannelore Ehrenreich
Summary: Encephalitis, with a prevalence of <= 0.01%, often has an unidentified infectious etiology, highlighting the role of noninfectious processes. Genetic brain inflammation, particularly associated with myelin abnormalities and white matter encephalitis, may explain autoimmune conditions. Autoimmune encephalitides may result from brain inflammation in conjunction with brain antigen-directed autoantibodies.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lukas Lanser, Dietmar Fuchs, Katharina Kurz, Guenter Weiss
Summary: Anemia is common in patients with inflammatory disorders and is mainly caused by disturbances in iron metabolism. Treatment should focus on addressing the underlying inflammatory disease to normalize hemoglobin levels and prevent the risks associated with anemia. New therapies targeting hepcidin modifications and hypoxia inducible factors show promise but require further evaluation in clinical trials for effectiveness in treating anemia of inflammation in ill patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claire Mindus, Nienke van Staaveren, Dietmar Fuchs, Johanna M. Gostner, Joergen B. Kjaer, Wolfgang Kunze, M. Firoz Mian, Anna K. Shoveller, Paul Forsythe, Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
Summary: The study shows that early-life probiotic supplementation can have an impact on the behavior and physiological parameters of pullets, particularly in regulating the immune system and biological pathways related to behavior.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Dominique Endres, Thomas A. Pollak, Karl Bechter, Dominik Denzel, Karoline Pitsch, Kathrin Nickel, Kimon Runge, Benjamin Pankratz, David Klatzmann, Ryad Tamouza, Luc Mallet, Marion Leboyer, Harald Pruess, Ulrich Voderholzer, Janet L. Cunningham, Katharina Domschke, Ludger Tebartz van Elst, Miriam A. Schiele
Summary: This conceptual review paper summarizes the clinical manifestations, pathophysiological considerations, diagnostic investigations, and treatment approaches of immune-related secondary OCD. The novel concept of autoimmune OCD is proposed for a small subgroup of OCD patients, and clinical signs based on the PANDAS/PANS criteria and from recent experience with autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune psychosis are suggested. Red flag signs for autoimmune OCD include (sub)acute onset, unusual age of onset, atypical presentation of OCS with neuropsychiatric features or accompanying neurological symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, treatment resistance, associations of symptom onset with infections such as group A streptococcus, comorbid autoimmune diseases or malignancies. Clinical investigations may also reveal alterations such as increased levels of anti-basal ganglia or dopamine receptor antibodies or inflammatory changes in the basal ganglia in neuroimaging. Based on these red flag signs, the criteria for a possible, probable, and definite autoimmune OCD subtype are proposed.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Christian Scheiber, Tanja Schulz, Julian M. Schneider, Karl Bechter, E. Marion Schneider
Summary: In this study, inflammatory processes linked to infections and autoimmunity were found in both Affective (AF) and Schizophrenic (SZ) Spectrum disorders. Biomarkers such as IL-8 were elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of both groups, while ferritin was elevated in plasma of both AF and SZ patients. Additionally, differences in biomarkers like S100B, soluble CD25, and interferon-gamma help distinguish SZ from AF.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Frederike T. Fellendorf, Nina Bonkat, Nina Dalkner, Elena M. D. Schoenthaler, Mirko Manchia, Dietmar Fuchs, Eva Z. Reininghaus
Summary: This review highlights the inconsistent findings on KYN/TRP ratio in severe mental disorders. Although there are indications of inflammation associated with elevated IDO activity, no conclusive statements can be made. Considering factors such as inflammatory processes, metabolic activities, and psychological/neuropsychiatric symptoms are crucial for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornelia A. Karg, Lucia Parrakova, Dietmar Fuchs, Harald Schennach, Bernhard Kraeutler, Simone Moser, Johanna M. Gostner
Summary: Phyllobilins, derived from the degradation of chlorophyll, are natural products with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. However, their mechanisms of action and in vivo effects require further investigation.
Article
Microbiology
Laura P. Kincer, Sarah Beth Joseph, Maria M. Gilleece, Blake M. Hauser, Sabrina Sizemore, Shuntai Zhou, Clara Di Germanio, Henrik Zetterberg, Dietmar Fuchs, Steven G. Deeks, Serena Spudich, Magnus Gisslen, Richard W. Price, Ronald Swanstrom
Summary: HIV-1 can persist in a latent reservoir in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, and rebound virus can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid during treatment interruption. In this study, we found that high viral loads and clonally amplified viral lineages in the cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with the influx of white blood cells. Additionally, we did not observe rebound macrophage-tropic virus in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating that the CNS may not be a source of this virus. We propose a model in which R5 T cell-tropic virus is released from infected T cells in the CNS during treatment interruption.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Arvid Eden, Frida Rydberg, Aylin Yilmaz, Lars Hagberg, Johanna Gostner, Staffan Nilsson, Dietmar Fuchs, Magnus Gisslen
Summary: For people with HIV initiating ART during chronic infection, the occurrence of residual CNS immune activation is not correlated with pretreatment immune status, even when treatment is initiated at high CD4(+) T-cell counts, suggesting that the CNS reservoir is not differentially affected by the timing of ART initiation during chronic infection.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katharina Obermoser, Natascha Brigo, Andrea Schroll, Pablo Monfort-Lanzas, Johanna M. Gostner, Sabine Engl, Simon Geisler, Miriam Knoll, Harald Schennach, Guenter Weiss, Dietmar Fuchs, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler, Katharina Kurz
Summary: This pilot study investigated the effects of a multi-strain probiotic preparation on fatigue, depression, and quality of life in patients with post-infectious fatigue. The results showed that both the probiotic and placebo groups experienced improvements, but the probiotic group had greater improvements. After 6 months, the probiotic group had significantly lower fatigue and depression scores, as well as improved quality of life.
Article
Psychiatry
Yafit Levin, Rahel Bachem, Dorit Brafman, Menachem Ben-Ezra
Summary: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have been overlooked, and this study found an association between negative symptoms and the risk of dissociative disorder, independently of depression and anxiety symptoms. It is important to consider both negative symptoms and dissociative symptoms in clinical practice to better understand their interaction.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Psychiatry
Roland Mergl, Sarah M. Quaatz, Vanessa Lemke, Antje-Kathrin Allgaier
Summary: Women who have had miscarriages or stillbirths have an increased risk for depressive symptoms and disorders, with a wide range of prevalence rates. However, depressive symptoms tend to diminish over time.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Hai-Yang Wang, Lin Zhang, Bei-Yan Guan, Shi-Yao Wang, Cui-Hong Zhang, Ming-Fei Ni, Yan-Wei Miao, Bing-Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the association between cognitive reappraisal and panic disorder (PD), and finds that PD patients have weakened functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala, which is associated with the severity of PD symptoms. Additionally, cognitive reappraisal is negatively correlated with PD severity, and the PFC-amygdala functional connectivity plays a mediating role in this association.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Yanqiang Tao, Xinyuan Zou, Qihui Tang, Wenxin Hou, Shujian Wang, Zijuan Ma, Gang Liu, Xiangping Liu
Summary: Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental disorders among adolescents. The study utilized network analysis to examine the symptom dimension of depression and anxiety in different age groups of adolescents. The results indicated that different age groups have different key symptoms and bridging symptoms, highlighting the importance of targeting specific symptoms at different stages of adolescence in treatment to alleviate the comorbidity of anxiety and depression.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Philip J. Batterham, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Bridianne O'Dea, Alison L. Calear, Kate Maston, Andrew Mackinnon, Helen Christensen
Summary: Screening for psychological distress in adolescents is important, and the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5) is a reliable measure for this purpose. The study found that DQ5 had good fit to a unidimensional construct, strong criterion and predictive validity, and sensitivity to change. The brevity and ease of interpretation of DQ5 make it suitable for screening in schools.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Xiaoli Liu, Qianqian Chen, Fang Cheng, Wenhao Zhuang, Wenwu Zhang, Yiping Tang, Dongsheng Zhou
Summary: This study found working memory defects in adolescents with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls based on mean oxy-hemoglobin changes, which can be useful for distinguishing adolescents with MDD from healthy controls.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Anders Nordahl-Hansen, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Sareh Panjeh, Daniel S. Quintana
Summary: This article aims to determine empirically-derived effect size thresholds associated with psychotherapy for depressive disorders by calculating the effect size distribution. The findings indicate that the observed effect size thresholds are larger than the suggested guidelines, which has implications for interpreting study effects and planning future research.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Guangli Zhao, Liyong Yu, Peixin Chen, Keli Zhu, Lu Yang, Wenting Lin, Yucai Luo, Zeyang Dou, Hao Xu, Pan Zhang, Tianmin Zhu, Siyi Yu
Summary: This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying emotional attention bias in patients with CID using ERP and rs-FC approaches. The results revealed abnormalities in attention processing and connectivity in the emotion-cognition networks of CID patients. This study provides a neural basis for understanding attention bias in CID.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Seungyeon Lee, Sora Mun, Jiyeong Lee, Hee-Gyoo Kang
Summary: Major depressive disorder is a prevalent condition worldwide, but the proportion of patients receiving treatment has not increased. Biomarkers related to drug-treatment responses can be used to monitor the effectiveness of medication. Serum protein levels were compared among patients with depression who received medication, those who did not, and a control group. Eight biomarkers were identified, which can be used to monitor the effectiveness of drug treatment.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Alfredo L. Sklar, Fang -Cheng Yeh, Mark Curtis, Dylan Seebold, Brian A. Coffman, Dean F. Salisbury
Summary: This study investigated semantic verbal fluency (SVF) impairments in first-episode psychosis patients within the schizophrenia spectrum. The findings revealed disruptions in both functional and structural connectivity in these patients, as well as an association between enhanced connectivity in the right hemisphere and worse SVF performance and longer disease duration.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Maksymilian Rejek, Blazej Misiak
Summary: This study investigates the association of the exposome score (ES) with psychosis risk in a non-clinical population. The results show that the ES is associated with the extended psychosis phenotype, suggesting its potential to identify individuals who may benefit from further psychosis risk assessment.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2024)