Development of a voltage-behavior model for NiMH batteries using an impedance-based modeling concept

To handle the complexity of modern automotive power nets, simulation-based design methods are important and suitable models of all system components including the battery as a main part are therefore mandatory. However, simulation models of energy storage devices are difficult to obtain. In particular, batteries are time-variant and strongly non-linear. An impedance-based modeling approach has been applied that copes with these characteristics and offers the development and parameterization of powerful models covering a wide dynamic range. As an example, this paper outlines the development of a NiMH battery model. Besides the impedance-based part of the model, the influences of the typical hysteresis effect of NiMH batteries is described in detail and an empirical modeling approach is introduced. The presented model is already successfully used by an automotive manufacturer which reflects the applicability of the modeling approach. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.