Article
Energy & Fuels
Jenny Borjesson Axen, Henrik Ekstrom, Erika Widenkvist Zetterstrom, Goran Lindbergh
Summary: Battery models are crucial for determining battery characteristics in battery system operation. The accuracy of these models can be improved by simulating hysteresis behavior, especially for NiMH batteries. This study expanded a lumped battery model to include an OCV hysteresis model and evaluated different expressions to describe the hysteresis behavior. The results showed that incorporating hysteresis components in the model reduced the prediction error, making the model more accurate for state prediction and system optimization.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Samuel Cruz-Manzo, Israel Martinez-Zarate
Summary: An analytical transfer function was developed to simulate the impedance spectrum and potential response of the BDW impedance. The function was validated using parameters from the electrochemical impedance response of a silicon nanowire battery electrode. A Simulink model was created using the analytical transfer function and the Randles electrical circuit to simulate the frequency impedance spectrum and voltage of modern batteries. The Simulink model can be a useful tool for simulating battery voltage in various applications.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Z. Khalik, M. C. F. Donkers, H. J. Bergveld
Summary: This paper studies the impact of various model simplifications on the trade-off between accuracy and computation time for the Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model, and proposes a highly efficient implementation that considerably reduces computation time. By selectively making simplifications and choosing grid parameters, a model can be obtained that has a minor impact on accuracy, achieving simulation times over 5000 times faster than real-time.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcel Esser, Gunnar Rohde, Christian Rehtanz
Summary: This paper demonstrated the development of a setup that performs impedance spectroscopy on commercial lithium-ion battery cells and packs using standard measurement equipment. The setup allows for a wider range of measurements and applications compared to commercial devices.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qi Zhang, Dafang Wang, Bowen Yang, Haosong Dong, Cheng Zhu, Ziwei Hao
Summary: In this paper, a series of electrochemical impedance models were developed for quantitative analysis of internal processes in lithium-ion batteries. The relationship between model parameters and impedance was analyzed, and the proposed model was validated through comparison with measured data, showing high simulation accuracy and adaptability.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emanuele Buchicchio, Alessio De Angelis, Francesco Santoni, Paolo Carbone
Summary: In this work, a machine learning approach based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and 2D convolutional neural networks is proposed for estimating the state of charge of batteries. A case study using Samsung ICR18650-26J lithium ion batteries is presented and discussed in detail. The proposed system achieves a classification accuracy of 93% on a test dataset of new measurements from the same battery and 88% accuracy on a different battery without prior calibration.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Piotr Chabecki
Summary: This study reports the encapsulation of an ionic liquid in a mesoporous silica matrix for the first time. The physical properties of the synthesized substance were investigated, showing promising potential for application in quantum accumulators.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lukas Tappeiner, Marc Oldenburger, Benjamin Bedurftig, Frank Woittennek
Summary: Two nonlinear infinite dimensional models of a Lithium-ion battery are proposed in this paper, which interpolate linear fractional models obtained from an equivalent circuit model. The parameters of the linear models are determined using dynamic impedance measurements. Numerical implementation of the proposed models is achieved through Krylov subspace method and finite element approach. Experimental data is used to validate the nonlinear lumped parameter models.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andreas Strasser, Alexander Adam, Jiahao Li
Summary: Reducing the charging time is important for increasing the acceptance of electric vehicles. This paper introduces a new method that allows the detection of the onset of lithium plating in automotive lithium-ion batteries using online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The detection is based on observing the real part of the impedance across the state of charge during the charging procedure.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bo Fan, Zebo Guan, Hongjiao Wang, Lilin Wu, Wenzhi Li, Shibang Zhang, Bai Xue
Summary: This study quantitatively investigated the evolution of electrochemical impedance spectra of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries, revealing the characteristics of different interfaces and dynamic processes within the battery. The analysis of impedance spectra indicated that Li diffusion plays a significant role in charge transfer within the active materials.
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Manuel Kasper, Manuel Moertelmaier, Mykolas Ragulskis, Nawfal Al-Zubaidi R-Smith, Johannes Angerer, Mathias Aufreiter, Alberto Romero, Jakob Krummacher, Jianjun Xu, David E. E. Root, Ferry Kienberger
Summary: In this study, a 7 kWh automotive battery module with 396 interconnected cells was tested using EIS and time-domain pulsing methods. Calibrated EIS and time-domain pulsing were found to be effective methods for gaining insights into the electrochemical processes and cycling ageing of battery modules and packs.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marco Crescentini, Alessio De Angelis, Roberta Ramilli, Guido De Angelis, Marco Tartagni, Antonio Moschitta, Pier Andrea Traverso, Paolo Carbone
Summary: This article introduces a compact measurement system for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on lithium-ion batteries. The system utilizes a VIA architecture and state parameter estimation based on equivalent circuit models, aiming to enable online and real-time diagnostics within the battery cell.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Albert These, Neamul H. Khansur, Osbel Almora, Larry Luer, Gebhard J. Matt, Udo Eckstein, Anastasia Barabash, Andres Osvet, Kyle G. Webber, Christoph J. Brabec
Summary: Aerosol deposition (AD) is a promising method for manufacturing low-cost films with good adhesion, and has been successfully used to fabricate cesium lead tribromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite films on interdigitated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The films maintain their crystal structure and show slightly increased carrier recombination from defect sites compared to the powder, likely due to a nonuniform defect distribution induced by the impact of semiconducting grains on hard substrate surfaces. Electrical measurements confirm good semiconducting properties and high responsivity for the AD processed films, demonstrating the potential for additive manufacturing of opto-electronic devices.
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kieran Mc Carthy, Hemtej Gullapalli, Tadhg Kennedy
Summary: This paper proposes an accurate online model for estimating the capacity of Li-ion batteries. By analyzing the effect of aging on battery impedance characteristics, the model estimates the current battery capacity based on the relationship between capacity fade and impedance increase. Experimental results demonstrate the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed model.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hakimeh Teymourinia, Cedric Gonzales, Juan Jesus Gallardo, Masoud Salavati-Niasari, Juan Bisquert, Javier Navas, Antonio Guerrero
Summary: The study focuses on passivating the external interfaces in lead halide perovskites through a reaction between migrating iodide ions and a silver buffer layer, which completely suppresses hysteresis and leads to more stable devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and impedance spectroscopy monitoring reveal that the reaction occurs in minutes in the presence of an electrical field and light.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alexander Reiter, Susanne Lehner, Oliver Bohlen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: In recent years, digital twins for large-scale and investment-intensive Li-ion battery systems in marine and stationary applications have gained increasing interest. Considering electrical cell-to-cell variations (CtCVs) within the battery model of such a digital twin offers advantages in model-based optimization and predictive maintenance. However, existing approaches for the characterization and modeling of CtCVs are not suitable for large-scale systems. This paper presents a holistic tool chain consisting of a non-destructive method for in-situ determination of resistance and capacity distributions, parameterization of a multi-cell battery model, and simplification through multivariate statistical analysis.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lucas Koltermann, Karl Konstantin Drenker, Mauricio Eduardo Celi Cortes, Kevin Jacque, Jan Figgener, Sebastian Zurmuehlen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) are already important in ancillary service markets worldwide, with batteries being suitable for applications with fast response times. However, the overall system response time of current BESS for future grid services has not been extensively studied. Measurements of a 6 MW BESS's inverters show that the response times can meet current standards even with older hardware, but hardware upgrades may be necessary for even faster future grid services.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Logan Ward, Susan Barbinec, Eric J. Dufek, David A. Howey, Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan, Muratahan Aykol, David A. C. Beck, Benjamin Blaiszik, Bor-Rong Chen, George Crabtree, Simon Clark, Valerio De Angelis, Philipp Dechent, Matthieu Dubarry, Erica E. Eggleton, Donal P. Finegan, Ian Foster, Chirranjeevi Balaji Gopal, Patrick K. Herring, Victor W. Hu, Noah H. Paulson, Yuliya Preger, Dirk Uwe-Sauer, Kandler Smith, Seth W. Snyder, Shashank Sripad, Tanvir R. Tanim, Linnette Teo
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhongbao Wei, Xiaofeng Yang, Yang Li, Hongwen He, Weihan Li, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This paper proposes a machine learning-based fast charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries. By using a reduced-order electrochemical-thermal model in the cloud, the soft actor-critic deep reinforcement learning algorithm is exploited to train the strategy. Hardware-in-Loop tests and experiments show that the proposed strategy effectively mitigates risks and improves the safety and longevity of batteries during fast charging. Compared to the commonly-used empirical protocol, the proposed approach extends the battery cycle life by about 75%.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel Martin Brieske, Alexander Warnecke, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: As an alternative to lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries have shown great potential due to their higher energy density, improved safety, and lower material costs. In the next few years, it is possible to achieve an energy density of 500-600Wh kg-1. However, there are still challenges in commercializing and monitoring the condition of these batteries.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hubert Maximilian Sistig, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Driven by global and local environmental concerns, public transport operators are transitioning to battery-powered electric buses. The total cost of ownership is the most crucial factor in choosing the electric bus concept. This paper analyzes the relationship between electrification and operational planning, focusing on vehicle scheduling and crew scheduling.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christopher Hecht, Jan Figgener, Xiaohui Li, Lei Zhang, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Electric vehicles are becoming dominant in the global automobile market due to their environmental friendliness. This paper creates standard load profiles for different power levels, station sizes, and operating environments based on a large-scale empirical dataset. The study reveals that the average power per charge point increases with rated station power, especially for power above 100 kW, and decreases with the number of charge points per station for AC chargers. It also shows how the shape of the power curve largely depends on the station environment, with urban settings experiencing the highest average power of 0.71 kW on average, resulting in an annual energy sale of 6.2 MWh. These findings suggest that the rated grid capacity can be lower than the sum of the rated power of each charge point.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaohui Li, Zhenpo Wang, Lei Zhang, Fengchun Sun, Dingsong Cui, Christopher Hecht, Jan Figgener, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: The increasing adoption of electric vehicles presents new challenges and opportunities for EV-grid integration. Predicting EV charging demand, optimizing charging infrastructure, and implementing smart charging scheduling schemes are crucial for efficient EV-grid interactions. This paper provides a comprehensive review on EV behavior modeling and its applications in EV-grid integration algorithm development, discussing various models to describe EV usage patterns, charging decision making processes, and response to smart charging schemes.
Article
Electrochemistry
Katharina Lilith Quade, Dominik Joest, Dirk Uwe Sauer, Weihan Li
Summary: An accurate estimation of the residual energy, State of Energy (SoE), is crucial for battery diagnostics in electric vehicles. Existing literature lacks in-depth analysis and comparison of SoE estimation methods. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of SoE by discussing various definitions and estimation approaches. Two physically feasible definitions are proposed, and the practical challenges of SoE estimation are critically analyzed. Experimental evaluation highlights the underestimation of residual energy by the State of Charge, emphasizing the importance of accurate SoE estimation.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Valentin Steininger, Peter Huesson, Katharina Rumpf, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This study aims to generate virtual customer driving data of mild-hybrid electric vehicles using automotive simulation models and stochastic customer driving profiles, in order to establish a simulation database for model training purposes and conduct lifetime simulations for new vehicles in the market. Mapping algorithms ensure a realistic representation of individual customer driving behavior. The results show significant differences in aging implications due to individual driving behavior and environmental conditions, with Asian customers exhibiting about 33% higher aging rate per driven kilometer compared to European customers during a 10-year simulation.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiageng Ruan, Changcheng Wu, Hanghang Cui, Weihan Li, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This paper proposes a Dual-Motor Two-Speed All-Wheel-Drive (DMTS-AWD) electrified powertrain and utilizes an advanced Energy Management Strategy (EMS) to improve motor efficiency and driving range. Simulation results demonstrate that the energy consumption of this system is comparable to global optimization methods.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sebastian Klick, Gereon Stahl, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of electrolyte volume on the degradation of lithium-ion batteries and finds that cells with higher amounts of electrolyte degrade substantially slower. Based on electrical tests, a theory explaining the volume-dependent rise of resistance and capacity decay is proposed.
Article
Electrochemistry
Alexander Reiter, Susanne Lehner, Oliver Bohlen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Determining the average temperature and temperature distribution within a battery system is essential for system design and operation. This study introduces a generic thermal battery system model and validates its accuracy and computational efficiency.
Article
Electrochemistry
Lucas Koltermann, Kevin Jacque, Jan Figgener, Sebastian Zurmuehlen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Large-scale battery storage systems have become popular for grid services, leading to increased competition in the market. An intelligent energy management system (EMS) is necessary for these systems, including a power distribution algorithm (SPDA) to control battery units. Field tests on a 6 MW/7.5 MWh system validated the SPDA's ability to exploit individual technological strengths and reduce cyclic aging by shifting energy throughput.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hendrik Pegel, Stefan Schaeffler, Andreas Jossen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This study extensively characterizes the thermal runaway and thermal propagation characteristics of large-format tabless cylindrical cells with aluminum housing and laser welded endcaps. The results provide insights into the challenges and safety measures associated with the use of aluminum housing in these cells.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)