Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Lee Lindblom, Oliver Rinne, Nicholas W. Taylor
Summary: In this study, a method for constructing differentiable three-dimensional manifolds on multicube structures is developed. The method involves the construction of a sequence of reference metrics that determine the differentiable structures on the cubic regions serving as non-overlapping coordinate charts. The method utilizes solutions to two- and three-dimensional biharmonic equations in order to increase the differentiability of the reference metrics at the interfaces between cubic regions.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Taiki Okino, Yoshiki Yamagiwa, Shoko Arita, Yoji Ishikawa, Kiyotoshi Otsuka
Summary: Traditional space elevators mainly use climber type, while a novel counterweight-type space elevator is proposed in the study, which connects the ground and the space station with two cables and transports payloads with less energy consumption.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenyu Yuan, Kaiyuan Zuo, Jiamu Cao
Summary: This paper presents a detailed analysis of the transient temperature heterogeneous distribution in a three-dimensional micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (μDMFC). The correct model is verified using a metal-based μDMFC with an effective area of 1.0 cm2. By coupling different transport mechanisms, the temperature changes in different stages of the cell and the heating trends in the flow channels are analyzed. The simulation results provide reference for the heterogeneous transfer and startup phase optimization of fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jim Shiau, Ji-Sung Lee, Fadhil Al-Asadi
Summary: This study investigates the three-dimensional stability of circular and square trapdoors, considering collapse and blowout scenarios. Through comparison with other published results, key conclusions regarding critical stability numbers and factor of safety have been drawn.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dongjie Hua, Qinghui Jiang
Summary: This paper introduces a method to extend the hysteresis model of rocks to three-dimensional case by introducing initial closed cracks and redefining the hysteretic behavior. The explicit expression of the strain tensor of a rock under triaxial loading/unloading is obtained through analysis.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shiwei Liu, Qiaohua Wang, Chengkang Liu, Yanhua Sun, Lingsong He
Summary: A natural exponential and three-dimensional chaotic system with high sensitivity to initial system input conditions is proposed for time series prediction and image processing. The chaotic performance is evaluated and the complexity, robustness, and consistency are studied, expanding the potential scope of multi-dimensional chaotic systems.
Review
Mathematics, Applied
M. S. Jolly, D. Wirosoetisno
Summary: In this paper, we investigate the evolution of a passive tracer theta governed by a velocity field u(x, t). Based on the work of Batchelor et al. in 1959, we probabilistically prove that the tracer spectrum follows a power law scaling with large wavenumbers and for small enough random synthetic three-dimensional incompressible velocity fields. We also relax some assumptions on the velocity and tracer source.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Z. Akbari, M. Hosseinpour, M. A. Mohammadi
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of static electric and magnetic fields on separator reconnection and finds that protons and electrons can be accelerated to high kinetic energies in the solar corona. The variation of energy spectra for different strengths of electric field amplitude is also discussed.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathleen C. Keough, Sean Whalen, Fumitaka Inoue, Pawel F. Przytycki, Tyler Fair, Chengyu Deng, Marilyn Steyert, Hane Ryu, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Elinor Karlsson, Tomasz Nowakowski, Nadav Ahituv, Alex Pollen, Katherine S. Pollard
Summary: Human accelerated regions (HARs) are conserved genomic loci that evolved faster in humans compared to other species, potentially contributing to human-specific traits. Using a combination of automated pipeline and genome alignment, HARs and chimpanzee accelerated regions were identified. Through deep learning and chromatin capture experiments, it was found that HARs are significantly enriched in topologically associating domains that contain human-specific genomic variants which affect three-dimensional genome organization. Differential gene expression between humans and chimpanzees at these loci suggest that HARs have rewired regulatory interactions with neurodevelopmental genes, potentially explaining their rapid evolution.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Qingzhao Kong, Jiaxuan Gu, Bing Xiong, Cheng Yuan
Summary: This article presents a vision-aided framework for concrete damage quantification and FE model updating using images and point clouds. It utilizes a mask region convolutional neural network for precise damage detection and segmentation based on images, and combines 3D point clouds with processed images for 3D damage qualification. The model-updating method allows for the removal of concrete elements to update volume variations caused by damage. The framework supports interaction with mainstream FE software for further analysis. To demonstrate its efficiency, the framework was applied in an experiment on a reinforced-concrete shear wall.
COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yue Bao, Zhengcheng Yao, Xiandong Liu, Xueman Hu, Yingchun Shan, Tian He
Summary: A three-dimensional helically tapered structure with power-law thickness is proposed to reduce vibration in rod structures. Compared to traditional one-dimensional tapered rods, this novel helix type can compress the tapered region and transform flexural wave modes into complex modes. The helix structure exhibits high space utilization efficiency and superior vibration attenuation in the low frequency band.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Ying Liu, Jiaming Liang, Jiangfeng Lu, Huimin Chen, Zicong Miao, Dongkai Wang, Xiaohao Wang, Min Zhang
Summary: This article presents a piezoelectric-driven insect-scale soft robot with ring-like curved legs that can traverse complex 3D terrains using its body-terrain mechanical action. The robot's leg-ground mechanical action creates an elastic gait by the repeated deformation of the main body's shapes. The detailed design includes a front leg with a fixed angle of attack, a ring-like leg structure, and an overall asymmetrical structure that improves vibration to forward force conversion. Compared to a plane-legged robot, the curved-legged robot can smoothly traverse rugged terrains and climb steps at a high success rate.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Paul D. McKee, Harm Derksen, John A. Christian
Summary: This paper discusses the introduction of invariants when the camera's motion is constrained to a line, and presents algorithms for computing the invariants and location. The applicability of these ideas in the context of trains, aircraft, and spacecraft is also discussed.
JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Robert Kiewisz, Gunar Fabig, William Conway, Daniel Baum, Daniel Needleman, Thomas Mueller-Reichert
Summary: In this study, the three-dimensional structure of kinetochore fibers in mammalian cells was characterized using large-scale electron tomography. It was found that each kinetochore fiber is composed of approximately nine kinetochore microtubules, with variations in circumference and density along their length. The association between kinetochore microtubules and non-kinetochore microtubules was primarily observed in the spindle pole regions.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Patrick Concha, Evelyn Rodriguez, Gustavo Rubio, Paola Yanez
Summary: In this paper, an alternative cosmological extension of the three-dimensional extended Newtonian Chern-Simons gravity theory is proposed by introducing torsion. The theory is obtained as a non-relativistic limit of an enhancement of the teleparallel algebra, which can be seen as the teleparallel analogue of the Newtonian gravity theory. The infinite-dimensional extension is explored through the Lie algebra expansion method, and an infinite-dimensional torsional Galilean gravity model is presented.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)