Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lin Shen, Yanyan Li, Na Li, Liangfang Shen, Zhanzhan Li
Summary: This study explores the role of Histone deacetylases (HDAC) genes in low-grade glioma. Through clustering and modeling, the study establishes a prognostic model based on HDAC genes and identifies two molecular subtypes in low-grade glioma. The study also reveals the association between HDAC genes and clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment, and immune infiltration levels. Additionally, the study identifies potential small molecular compounds for treatment in low-grade glioma patients. Overall, HDAC genes play an important role in low-grade glioma and offer potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
Article
Oncology
Matthew J. Kling, Varun Kesherwani, Nitish K. Mishra, Gracey Alexander, Erin M. McIntyre, Sutapa Ray, Kishore B. Challagundla, Shantaram S. Joshi, Don W. Coulter, Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
Summary: This study suggests that dual-inhibition of BET and HDAC proteins may be a novel therapeutic approach for MYC-driven MB.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiqiang Huang, Ning Liang, Saioa Goni, Anastasios Damdimopoulos, Cheng Wang, Raphaelle Ballaire, Jennifer Jager, Henri Niskanen, Hongya Han, Tomas Jakobsson, Adrian P. Bracken, Myriam Aouadi, Nicolas Venteclef, Minna U. Kaikkonen, Rongrong Fan, Eckardt Treuter
Summary: This study investigated the role of corepressors in enhancer activity and transcriptional regulation, showing that corepressors act antagonistically with coactivators in transcriptional control. Additionally, they found that corepressors and coactivators play opposite roles in regulating the expression of the Ccl2 gene. Depletion of the enhancer-transcribed eRNA of the Ccl2 gene in adipose tissue macrophages in mice can reduce metaflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rahma K. Alseksek, Wafaa S. Ramadan, Ekram Saleh, Raafat El-Awady
Summary: This article provides an overview of the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cancer cells' adaptive responses to various stress conditions. It discusses the impact of HDACs in regulating cellular systems and evading death pathways, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. The article also highlights the use of HDAC inhibitors in combination with stress-inducing agents to manage cancer and overcome resistance to current therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ayodeji A. Olabiyi, Daniela F. Passos, Jean Lucas G. da Silva, Maria R. C. Schetinger, Daniela B. Rosa Leal
Summary: Vitamin D plays crucial roles in bone health and immune modulation, potentially serving as a useful adjunct in cancer therapy, with the purinergic system identified as a potential treatment target.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yuhong Luo, Yuqing Gao, Weiwei Liu, Yuan Yang, Jie Jiang, Ying Wang, Wei Tang, Shoumei Yang, Lulu Sun, Jie Cai, Xiaozhen Guo, Shogo Takahashi, Kristopher W. Krausz, Aijuan Qu, Lei Chen, Cen Xie, Frank J. Gonzalez
Summary: This study reveals that PRMT5 is an epigenetic executor of MYC, leading to repression of the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes that promote hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Through PRMT5 inhibition a mechanism-based therapeutic strategy for MYC-driven HCC is highlighted, which synergistically suppresses proliferation and enhances antitumor immunity, providing an opportunity to mitigate the resistance of immune-cold tumor to ICT.
Article
Biology
Aleksandra Lesiak, Karolina Wodz, Magdalena Ciazynska, Malgorzata Skibinska, Michal Waszczykowski, Karol Ciazynski, Irmina Olejniczak-Staruch, Dorota Sobolewska-Sztychny, Joanna Narbutt
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association of VDR polymorphisms with susceptibility to psoriasis, effectiveness of NB-UVB phototherapy and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and vitamin D amongst the Polish population. The results showed that the GG genotype of TaaI/Cdx-2 was significantly higher in psoriasis patients and was associated with regulation of IL-17 and IL-23 concentration, while the AA genotype might have a significant effect on the response to phototherapy among patients with psoriasis.
Article
Cell Biology
Rong Zheng, Yingying Pan, Xinhui Liu, Feiye Liu, Aimin Li, Dayong Zheng, Yue Luo
Summary: In this study, the expression and clinical relevance of REST corepressors (RCORs) in different cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), were analyzed. It was found that RCOR1 acts as an oncogene in HCC, promoting tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The study also revealed the potential molecular mechanisms and prognostic value of RCORs in various cancers, providing valuable insights for further disease-related research.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Shuang Li, Xu He, Yuan Gao, Chenguang Zhou, Vincent L. Chiang, Wei Li
Summary: The article summarizes the changes in histone acetylation in plant response to drought stress, and reviews the functions of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases in drought response and resistance.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Fei-Fei Yang, Ting Hu, Jian-Quan Liu, Xiao-Qian Yu, Li-Ying Ma
Summary: Bone marrow transplantation is an effective immunotherapy for hematologic cancer, but matching is often challenging. Aberrant expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is closely associated with the occurrence and development of hematologic cancer. Recent studies have shown that HDACs may play a critical role in initiating anti-cancer immune response or enhancing immunotherapy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Megan J. Ritter, Izuki Amano, Norihiro Imai, Lorraine Soares De Oliveira, Kristen R. Vella, Anthony N. Hollenberg
Summary: NCOR1 and SMRT play critical and specific roles in nuclear receptor action, with some overlapping functions. While SMRT plays little role in thyroid hormone signaling in the liver, it is involved in hepatic metabolism and lipogenesis.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Wei, Junhui Zhan, Hui Ji, Yitong Xu, Qingfeng Xu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Yujian Liu
Summary: This study reveals that VDR dysregulation in lung fibroblasts is associated with pulmonary fibrosis. The upregulation of VDR inhibits the proliferation and activation of lung fibroblasts by suppressing the JAK1/STAT3/ER stress pathway, suggesting that fibroblast VDR upregulation may serve as a self-protective response to limit fibroblast proliferation and activation during pulmonary fibrosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yi Zhang
Summary: Epigenome reprogramming after fertilization is crucial for early embryonic development. The chromatin marker H3K27ac undergoes three waves of global transitions during this process. CBP/p300 acetyltransferase deposits H3K27ac and promotes chromatin opening, while HDAC prevents premature expression of developmental genes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shang Guo, Weekai Chia, Hongwei Wang, David A. Bushinsky, Biao Zhong, Murray J. Favus
Summary: The study reveals that elevated VDR expression in a genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rat model may contribute to the development of hypercalciuria by regulating the expression of target genes and histone modifications at their promoter regions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marta Moreno-Torres, Carla Guzman, Petar D. Petrov, Ramiro Jover
Summary: In this study, valproic acid (VPA) and natural short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were identified as novel transcriptional activators for the human VDR gene. The researchers characterized the responsive elements in the regulatory region of the hVDR gene and found that a short DNA region upstream of the transcription start site is responsible for the increase in transcriptional activity in response to VPA/SCFAs. The results suggest that VPA and SCFAs facilitate the activity of the transcription factor Sp1 in the hVDR gene, promoting VDR upregulation and signaling. These findings may have clinical relevance in epileptic pediatric patients on VPA therapy and suggest a potential role of SCFAs produced by gut microbiota in VDR upregulation.
Review
Oncology
Carsten Carlberg, Alberto Munoz
Summary: A low vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of various cancers. The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, influences the epigenome and transcriptome of healthy and neoplastic cells, affecting their growth and differentiation.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Carsten Carlberg, Eunike Velleuer
Summary: Low vitamin D status is a risk factor for colon, prostate, breast, and leukocyte cancers. Lifestyle adjustments can help control cancer risk. Vitamin D has anti-cancer effects on neoplastic cells and immune cells.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Hanel, Carsten Carlberg
Summary: This study focuses on the time course of transcriptional changes in human PBMCs stimulated with 1,25(OH)(2)D3, and reveals that vitamin D regulates the immune system by suppressing the expression of genes involved in inflammation and adaptive immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carsten Carlberg
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carsten Carlberg
Summary: The vitamin D metabolite 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 acts as a ligand for the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR), and regulates the expression of target genes through chromatin changes. VDR binds to genomic DNA and interacts with partner proteins.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ricardo J. Samms, Christine C. Cheng, Marcel Fourcaudot, Sami Heikkinen, Ahmed Khattab, John Adams, Eugenio Cersosimo, Curtis Triplitt, Curtis Puckett, Kostas Tsintzas, Andrew. C. Adams, Muhammad A. Abdul-Ghani, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Luke Norton
Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide triple therapy, total and bioactive plasma FGF21 levels were reduced, and the proportion of circulating bioactive FGF21 increased, compared to patients treated with metformin and sequential addition of glipizide and basal insulin glargine (conventional therapy). These findings suggest that FGF21 may contribute to the glycemic benefits observed following combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carsten Carlberg
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pawel Pludowski, Beata Kos-Kudla, Mieczyslaw Walczak, Andrzej Fal, Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz, Piotr Sieroszewski, Jaroslaw Peregud-Pogorzelski, Ryszard Lauterbach, Tomasz Targowski, Andrzej Lewinski, Robert Spaczynski, Miroslaw Wielgos, Jaroslaw Pinkas, Teresa Jackowska, Ewa Helwich, Artur Mazur, Marek Ruchala, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Mieczyslaw Szalecki, Artur Bossowski, Justyna Czech-Kowalska, Marek Wojcik, Beata Pyrzak, Michal A. Zmijewski, Pawel Abramowicz, Jerzy Konstantynowicz, Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Andrius Bleizgys, Spirydon N. Karras, William B. Grant, Carsten Carlberg, Stefan Pilz, Michael F. Holick, Waldemar Misiorowski
Summary: It is found that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Polish population based on epidemiological studies. To address this concern, a Polish multidisciplinary group reviewed the evidence and formulated recommendations for prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. The final Polish recommendations included a range of serum vitamin D levels indicating deficiency, guidelines for prophylaxis and treatment, and the importance of improving the overall population's vitamin D status and treating at-risk patient groups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emmi Karkkainen, Sami Heikkinen, Maria Tengstrom, Veli-Matti Kosma, Arto Mannermaa, Jaana M. Hartikainen
Summary: This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in invasive breast cancer. SncRNAs can be used as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, providing new insights into breast cancer treatment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carsten Carlberg
Summary: Nutrigenomics explores the connection between nutrients and our genome. Over the past 50,000 years, our genome has undergone evolutionary changes due to migration, change in lifestyle, and dietary shifts. These adaptations have affected not only physical traits but also our susceptibility to complex diseases. Studying the variation in our (epi)genome in response to environmental changes provides insights into the mechanisms of disease development and prevention.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carsten Carlberg, Marianna Raczyk, Natalia Zawrotna
Summary: Nutrigenomics aims to study and integrate the relationship between dietary molecules and gene expression on a genome-wide level. Vitamin D3, an active nutritional compound, activates the nuclear receptor VDR through its metabolite 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin D3 can be synthesized internally but has become a true vitamin due to limited UV-B radiation from spending long hours indoors and living at higher latitudes. VDR, an inducible transcription factor, modulates the epigenome at numerous genomic sites, resulting in the regulation of vitamin D target genes and affecting various physiological functions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carsten Carlberg
Summary: It took millions of years of evolution to develop the endocrine vitamin D signaling system, which includes the nuclear receptor VDR, its ligand 1,25(OH)2D3, and metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins. The activation of VDR by 1,25(OH)2D3 is the core mechanism of genomic signaling, resulting in modulation of the epigenome and transcription of target genes. Vitamin D plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis, regulating calcium levels for bone mineralization and immune responses. This review will discuss if genomic signaling is sufficient to explain all physiological functions of vitamin D3.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emilia Gospodarska, Ranjini Ghosh Dastidar, Carsten Carlberg
Summary: Vitamin D intervention studies aim to evaluate the effects of vitamin D-3 on health and disease. However, recent large-scale randomized controlled trials did not yield statistically significant results. We propose an alternative approach that involves segregating study participants into different groups based on their responsiveness to vitamin D-3 supplementation and measuring a larger set of genome-wide parameters over time.
Review
Cell Biology
Carsten Carlberg, Marcin P. Mycko
Summary: Environmental factors, such as low vitamin D levels, contribute to the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Vitamin D3, through its metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3, modulates the epigenome and transcriptome of immune cells, reducing inflammatory reactions and promoting immunological tolerance in T cells, thus preventing MS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lars-Oliver Klotz, Carsten Carlberg
Summary: This passage discusses the importance of environmental signals on the epigenomes of various tissues and cell types in our body throughout our lifespan. Diet and lifestyle choices can impact epigenome programming and redox processes, potentially leading to diseases. Nutrigenomics investigates the effects of nutrition-related signal transduction pathways on gene expression, with some interactions being regulated by redox processes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankita Chadda, Alexander G. Kozlov, Binh Nguyen, Timothy M. Lohman, Eric A. Galburt
Summary: In this study, it was found that the DNA damage response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis differs from well-studied model bacteria. The DNA repair helicase UvrD1 in Mtb is activated through a redox-dependent process and is closely associated with the homo-dimeric Ku protein. Additionally, Ku protein is shown to stimulate the helicase activity of UvrD1.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2024)