Characteristics of a cohort of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and JIA-associated Uveitis

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U) can lead to poor visual outcomes and impact a child's quality of life (QOL) and function. Our aim is to identify risk markers of JIA-U and examine differences in the QOL of children with JIA and JIA-U. Methods: Rheumatology and ophthalmology record reviews and questionnaires were completed every 4-6 months on 287 children with JIA. We collected arthritis, uveitis, and QOL data. We examined data through last study visit. Results: There were 52/287 (18 %) children with JIA-U who were younger at arthritis diagnosis, had oligoarticular persistent JIA, and ANA positive. Confirmed uveitis predictors were age at JIA diagnosis (OR = 0.86) and oligoarticular subtype (OR = 5.92). They had worse vision specific QOL and function, but similar general QOL. Blindness occurred in 17.5 % of children but was more common in African American children compared to non-Hispanic Caucasian children ((5/7 (71 %) vs. 2/29 (7 %), p < 0.001) despite a similar uveitis prevalence (22 % vs. 16 %). Both races had similar complications, although band keratopathy was more frequent in African Americans (75 % vs. 15.6 %, p = 0.003). Conclusions: We confirm young age at JIA diagnosis and the oligoarticular JIA subtype as predictors of uveitis development. Although we were unable to identify predictors of ocular complications or blindness, AA children appeared to have a more severe disease course manifested by increased ocular complications, vision loss and blindness. Potential causes that warrant additional study include underlying disease severity, access to medical care and referral bias. Further investigation of the risk factors for vision-compromising uveitis and its' long-term effects should be conducted in a large racially diverse population.