Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jacek Garbulinski, Sai C. Balasankula, Norman M. Wereley
Summary: Extensile fluidic artificial muscles (EFAMs) are soft actuators known for their large ranges of extension, low weight, and blocked forces comparable to those of pneumatic cylinders. This study focuses on the manufacturing, experimental characterization, and modeling of EFAMs, proposing new constitutive models that better represent stress-strain relationships and demonstrate improved accuracy. The analysis suggests that these new stress functions have smaller errors, guarantee material stability, and are more conservative about stress values for strains outside of the testing range compared to previous models.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Dheeraj Vemula, Jeong Yong Kim, Nicholas Mazzoleni, Matthew Bryant
Summary: This study discusses the orderly recruitment strategy of biological musculature and the application of fluidic artificial muscles in actuators. A comparison between the multi-valve system (MVS) and orderly recruitment valve (ORV) shows that ORV offers a simpler and more compact valve architecture with slightly reduced control flexibility and performance.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gihyeok Na, Hiroyuki Nabae, Koichi Suzumori
Summary: The McKibben artificial muscle is a promising actuator for musculoskeletal robots due to its similar properties to animal muscles. However, there have been limitations to its application. The research group developed a thin McKibben muscle, but it cannot relax like real muscles. The previous proposal of a braided McKibben muscle overcomes this disadvantage and in this study, the structure was improved for durability and passive relaxation was investigated, resulting in an increased driving range for a musculoskeletal arm model.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Anderson S. Camp, Edward M. Chapman, Paola Jaramillo Cienfuegos
Summary: This study presents a fluidic artificial muscle designed for hand rehabilitation devices and discovers a novel volume-strain relationship. The volume-strain relationship remains consistent regardless of load when using the coupled piston-FAM system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jeong Yong Kim, Nicholas Mazzoleni, Matthew Bryant
Summary: Fluidic artificial muscles, also known as McKibben actuators, are fiber-reinforced soft actuators that can mimic muscle contraction and force generation when pressurized pneumatically or hydraulically. Bundling multiple fluidic artificial muscles together allows for a multi-chambered actuator with variable recruitment capability. Resistance force in inactive and low-pressure muscles was studied and a correction model proposed to improve fit with experimental data, revealing a unique phenomenon called free strain gradient reversal in variable recruitment bundles.
Article
Mechanics
Saswath Ghosh, Abhishek Kumar Srivastava, Sitikantha Roy
Summary: This article presents a dynamic model of a pneumatic braided muscle (PBM) actuator based on a skeletal muscle model. The behavior of the actuator is simulated using the Hill muscle model, and it is modeled as an equivalent nonlinear spring dashpot system. The force-stretch relation of the actuator is derived based on finite deformation theory, and the nonlinear equation of motion is solved numerically for both free and forced vibration cases. The study examines the effects of damping, material stiffness, and geometry on the nonlinear response of the actuator, providing valuable insights for determining safe system parameter range for diverse applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Deepak Kumar, Saswath Ghosh, Sitikantha Roy, Sushma Santapuri
Summary: The present study focuses on the static modeling and analysis of a novel electro-pneumatic braided muscle (EPBM) actuator, developing a continuum mechanics-based electromechanical model to predict the actuator's response to combined pressure and voltage loading, including braid-to-braid frictional effects. Parametric studies are conducted on varying braid angle, input pressure, and voltage, and the impact of fiber-reinforcement in the bladder on actuator performance is also studied using the model.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Nicholas Mazzoleni, Jeong Yong Kim, Matthew Bryant
Summary: This study investigates the use of inextensible tendons as a mitigation strategy for preventing resistive forces and outward buckling of inactive and submaximally activated motor units in a variable recruitment fluidic artificial muscles (FAMs) bundle. The efficiency and increase in spatial envelope caused by outward buckling are compared for two configurations. The results show that tendons can eliminate resistive forces, increase volumetric energy density, and improve system efficiency for certain loading cases.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lukasz Fracczak, Maksym Nowak, Katarzyna Koter
Summary: Recent research studies have introduced new concepts regarding Artificial Muscles (AM), including a modern flexible push pneumatic actuator with higher elongation and good environmental adaptability. The actuator is elastic during work and can function as an important push or pull/push actuator.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2021)
Article
Biology
Ethan S. Wold, David A. Sleboda, Thomas J. Roberts
Summary: Recent models show that the interaction between intracellular fluid and extracellular collagen is crucial for force production in passive skeletal muscles, allowing extracellular collagen stiffness to contribute to muscle force. Experimental results demonstrated that expanding the fluid volume within muscles can drive forceful muscle shortening and mechanical work production, contradicting the expectation for isotropic biological tissue and highlighting the importance of three-dimensional force transmission in skeletal muscle.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Wenbiao Wang, Yunfei Zhu, Shibo Cai, Guanjun Bao
Summary: This paper proposes an ultralong stretchable soft actuator (US(2)A) composed of a silicone rubber tube and a bellows woven sleeve. The actuator's maximal extension can be conveniently regulated by adjusting the wrinkles' initial angle of the bellows woven sleeve. The pressure-elongation and pressure-force models reflect the influence of the silicone tube's properties on the actuator's performance, and have been verified experimentally.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Ying Lin, Yi-Xian Xu, Jia-Yang Juang
Summary: Pipe inspection and maintenance are crucial to prevent losses caused by fluid leakage. This study presents a single-actuator soft robot made of highly deformable materials, which utilizes the nonlinear buckling of elastic ribbons and bioinspired artificial muscles to enhance crawling capability. The robot demonstrates strong anisotropic friction and the ability to adapt to varying pipe diameters, offering potential applications in different scales.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Antonio Dylan Do Rosario Carvalho, P. Navin Karanth, Vijay Desai
Summary: The exoskeleton is important in physical rehabilitation, and the pneumatic muscle actuator is the best choice for this application. This study aims to fabricate and characterize a pneumatic muscle actuator for an exoskeleton that can be used on the elbow joint. By testing twelve different pneumatic muscles, it was found that the styrene-based muscle with a 12mm bladder showed the best force and deflection characteristics.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Songyi Zhong, Ziyi Gai, Yang Yang, Yongjian Zhao, Yuyan Qi, Yi Yang, Yan Peng
Summary: A simple and independent soft radial sensor is proposed to improve the position control accuracy of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM) in robots. Experimental analysis of structural parameters impact on performance was conducted, and a closed-loop system based on the sensor was developed.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Robotics
Binghuan Yu, Jiawei Yang, Ruxu Du, Yong Zhong
Summary: A new versatile pneumatic actuator called SMVAM is proposed, which can achieve large force and contraction ratio through negative pressure-driven contraction and positive pressure-driven extension. Experimental results demonstrate the promising potential of the actuator for various applications.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2021)