Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Viola Sanga, Giacomo Rossitto, Teresa Maria Seccia, Gian Paolo Rossi
Summary: This study aims to diagnose primary aldosteronism in pregnancy (PAP) and provide management suggestions based on the evidence obtained. A nomogram was developed to identify PAP cases based on the changes in aldosterone and renin. PAP cases were classified into four groups with different management and outcomes. Adrenalectomy did not improve maternal and fetal outcomes compared to medical treatment alone. Early detection and surgical treatment of unilateral PAP resulted in better outcomes for maternal hypertension and mother and baby outcomes.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Huai Heng Loh, Norlela Sukor
Summary: This review aims to collate and summarize current research on the association between primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea, including their relationship, clinical characteristics, implications, treatment outcomes, potential causal links, and mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chuanxin Su, Jinhua Xue, Chao Ye, Aidong Chen
Summary: Hypertension, present in over one billion adults, is closely related to the disruption of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The AT1R receptor is the most important angiotensin II receptor, playing a critical role in vasoconstriction and being associated with multiple signaling pathways, including AT1R/JAK/STAT and Ras/Raf/MAPK pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Maria Jose Soler, Aida Ribera, Josep R. Marsal, Ana Belen Mendez, Mireia Andres, Maria Antonia Azancot, Gerard Oristrell, Leonardo Mendez-Boo, Jordana Cohen, Jose A. Barrabes, Ignacio Ferreira-Gonzalez
Summary: In a cohort study of HTN patients, it was found that the use of ACEi/ARBs reduced the risk of COVID-19 infection without increasing disease severity.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Shamil Haroon, Anuradhaa Subramanian, Jennifer Cooper, Astha Anand, Krishna Gokhale, Nathan Byne, Samir Dhalla, Dionisio Acosta-Mena, Thomas Taverner, Kelvin Okoth, Jingya Wang, Joht Singh Chandan, Christopher Sainsbury, Dawit Tefra Zemedikun, G. Neil Thomas, Dhruv Parekh, Tom Marshall, Elizabeth Sapey, Nicola J. Adderley, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
Summary: This study investigated the association between prescription of ACE inhibitors or ARBs and the incidence of COVID-19 and all-cause mortality. The results showed that there was no significant difference in COVID-19 incidence between users of ACE inhibitors and CCBs, while users of ARBs had a slightly higher incidence rate. However, there were no significant associations between prescription of either ACE inhibitors or ARBs and all-cause mortality.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Olga Mulas, Brunella Mola, Alessandro Costa, Francesca Pittau, Daniela Mantovani, Samuele Dessi, Antonella Fronteddu, Giorgio La Nasa, Giovanni Caocci
Summary: This study found that hypertension is a significant risk factor for thrombotic-adverse events in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. The use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors has a protective effect against these events.
ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
M. Ekholm, T. Kahan
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a disease caused by chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, with up-regulated mediators of inflammation in affected individuals. Oxidative stress, imbalance between antioxidants and oxidants, leads to tissue damage. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a vital role in vascular disease pathobiology, with angiotensin II causing hypertension and reactive oxygen species production. Blocking this system could potentially reduce inflammatory and thrombotic complications.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Josephine McCarthy, Jun Yang, Ben Clissold, Morag J. Young, Peter J. Fuller, Thanh Phan
Summary: Primary aldosteronism carries a higher risk of stroke, atrial fibrillation, and cardiovascular disease compared to essential hypertension. While there are targeted treatments and potentially curative surgical options for primary aldosteronism, there is a lack of guidelines for screening and diagnosing the condition in stroke patients with hypertension. However, accurate diagnosis of primary aldosteronism could lead to improved blood pressure control and reduced cardiovascular risk in this population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tazuru Fukumoto, Hironobu Umakoshi, Masatoshi Ogata, Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi, Yayoi Matsuda, Misato Motoya, Hiromi Nagata, Yui Nakano, Norifusa Iwahashi, Hiroki Kaneko, Norio Wada, Takashi Miyazawa, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Yoshihiro Ogawa
Summary: This study aimed to explore the role of two confirmatory tests in the subtype diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA). The results showed that patients with discordant results between confirmatory tests are highly likely to have a bilateral subtype on adrenal vein sampling (AVS).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hiroki Kaneko, Hironobu Umakoshi, Tazuru Fukumoto, Norio Wada, Takamasa Ichijo, Shohei Sakamoto, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, Yuki Ishihara, Tetsuya Tagami, Masatoshi Ogata, Norifusa Iwahashi, Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi, Yayoi Matsuda, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Yoshihiro Ogawa
Summary: The clinical practice guideline emphasizes the importance of confirmatory tests for primary aldosteronism in order to avoid unnecessary adrenal venous sampling for false-positive cases. However, the study found that a combination of multiple confirmatory tests did not yield better results than individual tests in predicting subtypes of primary aldosteronism.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Carlos M. Ferrario, Leanne Groban, Hao Wang, Che Ping Cheng, Jessica L. VonCannon, Kendra N. Wright, Xuming Sun, Sarfaraz Ahmad
Summary: The discovery of the dodecapeptide angiotensin-(1-12) as an alternate form of angiotensin I has shed light on noncanonical mechanisms for renin independent generation of angiotensins. Studies have confirmed the presence of Ang-(1-12) in multiple organs in both humans and rats, serving as a substrate for Ang II formation. Research has shown that angiotensin II can be generated from angiotensin-(1-12) without the involvement of renin, with chymase playing a key role in this conversion process.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raul Loera-Valencia, Francesca Eroli, Sara Garcia-Ptacek, Silvia Maioli
Summary: The article explores the role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in cognition and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, as well as its relationship with risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia. Current RAS inhibition therapy's efficacy in improving cognition in AD patients is uncertain, with only one therapy under consideration in clinical trials. Additionally, research on novel drugs may offer potential for highly specific treatments targeting the brain RAS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hongyin Chen, Jiangyun Peng, Tengyao Wang, Jielu Wen, Sifan Chen, Yu Huang, Yang Zhang
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability, with hypertension as the most common risk factor. Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is closely related to cardiovascular dysfunction, leading to vascular remodeling and inflammation. The counter-regulatory axis of the RAS, including ACE2 and other components, has been shown to counteract the effects of the overactivated RAS. This review summarizes the complexity and interplay of the counter-regulatory RAS axis in hypertension, with a focus on the role of ACE2 in linking hypertension and COVID-19, and discusses the potential of targeting this axis to prevent and treat hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ya-Hui Chang, Wan-Hsuan Chen, Chung-Hao Su, Hong-Ren Yu, You-Lin Tain, Li-Tung Huang, Jiunn-Ming Sheen
Summary: Hypertension is a common public health challenge globally. This study found that maternal low-iron diet during pregnancy and lactation resulted in increased blood pressure and abnormalities in the renal renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and sodium transporters in adult male offspring. Improving the iron status of pregnant mothers could influence the development of hypertension in their offspring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Tlili Barhoumi, Stephen Todryk
Summary: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a central regulator of cardiovascular physiology, and its hyper-activation is common in hypertension. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the immune system, particularly monocyte/macrophage cells, in hypertension and its related pathology. Targeting RAS components in these cells may present an innovative strategy for the treatment of hypertension.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)