Article
Engineering, Geological
Kang Yan, Tao Zhao, Yong Liu
Summary: This research examined the influence of spillway section shape on the breaching process of landslide dams through flume tests, and the results showed that the triangle spillway had the best performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Li, Xiaoqing Chen, Jiangang Chen, Hui Tang, Yong You, Huayong Chen, Wanyu Zhao, Xueyu Geng
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of different step-baffle geometries in regulating debris flows. The results show that trapezoidal baffles perform the best in sediment interception and energy dissipation, while square baffles are most effective in promoting turbulent flows.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Wei Hu, Yangshuai Zheng, Mauri Mcsaveny, Qiang Xu, Theo van Asch
Summary: This study conducted flume experiments to simulate rock avalanches overriding a saturated bed material. The experimental results showed that the overriding flow fluidized the bed material into a viscous state. The rapid loading by the overriding debris led to an increase in pore pressure at the bottom and the bed material exhibited shear-thinning rheology. This finding provides a possible natural explanation of the hypermobility of rock avalanches and can improve the accuracy and reliability of numerical simulation.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Kasun R. Wijewardhana, Himal A. Suraweera, Peter J. Smith
Summary: Ray-based channel models are closely related to antenna topology and propagation environment, serving as the foundation for many standardized channel models. While their complexity leads to the use of simpler statistical channel models in initial or analytical studies, this paper explores how these simple models can closely approximate the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) performance of linear receivers with ray-based channels. The importance of user-specific correlation models is also highlighted.
IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhihao Shen, Duruo Huang, Gang Wang, Feng Jin
Summary: In this study, a resolved CFD-DEM coupling procedure was proposed to study the interaction of waves and irregularly shaped armour units. The model was validated by comparing the numerical results with a flume wave erosion test. The influence of armour shape on overtopping discharge, pressure distribution, and vortex structure was also studied.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gonzalo Garcia-Alen, Olalla Garcia-Fonte, Luis Cea, Luis Pena, Jeronimo Puertas
Summary: The study utilized 2D models based on the shallow water equations for simulating flow through weirs and presented an experimental dataset consisting of 194 experiments. A comparison between the experimental data and numerical results was conducted to quantify discrepancies due to non-fulfillment of the hydrostatic pressure hypotheses. The experimental dataset provided can be valuable for validating other modeling approaches.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Haiyang Dong, Zhilin Sun, Shibiao Fang, Enshang Yang, Yun Pan
Summary: Accurate prediction of local scour depth is crucial for bridge safety. A series of experiments were conducted to obtain the prediction formula of local scour depth around pile groups. The results demonstrate that the scouring depth decreases in the flow direction, with the deepest scouring occurring in the first row of the upstream surface. The introduced calculation coefficient for pile group scour depth shows good agreement with measured values, indicating its rationality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoyu Wang, Dajun Yuan, Weiping Luo, Song Zhang, Huixi Liu
Summary: As subsea shield tunnels are gaining popularity, this study explores the effects of navigable channel excavation and seawall construction on the deformation and forces acting on the tunnels. The results indicate that both activities significantly impact the stress and deformation of the pre-existing tunnel structure.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Przemyslaw Skurowski, Magdalena Pawlyta
Summary: This article examines the distortion issues in optical motion capture systems and proposes a method for detecting and classifying these distortions. The algorithm employs derivative analysis, low-pass filtering, mathematical morphology, and loose predictor. Tests involving simulated distorted sequences, performance comparisons with human operators, and an analysis of distortion removal applicability were conducted.
Article
Engineering, Ocean
W. Isbert, C. Lindemann, J. Lemburg, M. Littmann, K. Tegethoff, N. Goseberg, S. Durst, D. Schuerenkamp, B. H. Buck
Summary: This article discusses the increased inertia load caused by biofouling on device components, which modifies hydrodynamic properties and increases stress on structures. It also introduces two independent test stations for measuring biofouling and highlights their advantages in obtaining standardized biofouling samples.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Hui-Xin Liu, Xu-Mei Fu, Jing-Han Hu
Summary: Monitoring trace levels of poisonous anions by naked eyes is still a significant challenge in the surroundings. In this study, a novel AIE active dual-channel sensor (D2) was developed for selectively detecting CN- in aqueous media. The selectivity and sensitivity of sensor D2 for anions sensing were investigated by measuring the photophysical properties. The results showed that D2 displayed preferable sensitivity to CN- ions with a fluorescent response and distinct color variation in the visible light, while also having strong anti-interference towards other common ions in colorimetric and fluorescent response. The detection limit of sensor D2 for CN- was as low as 9.93 x 10(-9) M. The prepared test strips were verified to be a convenient and high-efficient test kit for detecting CN- by naked eyes in samples.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Liang Chen, Shouyang Gao, Bin Miao, Nan Yao, Shizhong Zhang, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the asymmetric fracture evolution of soft rock roadway roofs using crack density coefficient and numerical simulation, revealing asymmetric crack distribution, significant impact of discontinuity surface, and distinct changes in roof structural features during the evolution process.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Liang Chen, Shouyang Gao, Bin Miao, Nan Yao, Shizhong Zhang, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study reveals the asymmetric patterns of roof failure, stress evolution, and crack density changes caused by the presence of roof discontinuity surface. The research results provide important reference for the optimization and design of support schemes for discontinuity-thick soft rock roof-large span roadways.
Article
Engineering, Geological
W. Hu, C. L. Xin, Y. Li, Y. S. Zheng, T. W. J. van Asch, M. McSaveney
Summary: A study investigated the mechanisms of tailings-dam failure and fluidization through instrumented flume tests induced by artificial rainfall. The study found that continuous rainfall expanded macro-voids, led to particle rearrangement and local collapse, gradually increasing pore pressure and reducing shear strength. Antecedent rainfall raised moisture content, which promoted internal erosion and likely contributed significantly to dam failure.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Mamadou Cherif Diallo, Li Zhen Cheng, Michel Chouteau, Eric Rosa, Chong Liu, Bahman Abbassi, Adrien Dimech
Summary: The study focuses on using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to detect old and deep mining infrastructure. It proves the effectiveness of ERT in characterizing abandoned mine galleries and locating underground tunnels. The results highlight the potential of ERT for the characterization of deep underground excavations.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Victor Brovkin, Edward Brook, John W. Williams, Sebastian Bathiany, Timothy M. Lenton, Michael Barton, Robert M. DeConto, Jonathan F. Donges, Andrey Ganopolski, Jerry McManus, Summer Praetorius, Anne de Vernal, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Hai Cheng, Martin Claussen, Michel Crucifix, Gilberto Gallopin, Virginia Iglesias, Darrell S. Kaufman, Thomas Kleinen, Fabrice Lambert, Sander van der Leeuw, Hannah Liddy, Marie-France Loutre, David McGee, Kira Rehfeld, Rachael Rhodes, Alistair W. R. Seddon, Martin H. Trauth, Lilian Vanderveken, Zicheng Yu
Summary: The synthesis of intervals of rapid climatic change evident in the geological record reveals Earth system processes and tipping points that could lead to similar events in the future. Abrupt changes in the Earth system often arise from slow changes in one component that pass a critical threshold, impacting coupled climate-ecological-social systems.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, William D. Gosling, Ralf Vogelsang, Andre Bahr, Eleanor M. L. Scerri, Asfawossen Asrat, Andrew S. Cohen, Walter Dusing, Verena Foerster, Henry F. Lamb, Mark A. Maslin, Helen M. Roberts, Frank Schabitz, Martin H. Trauth
Summary: The study reveals a close correlation between moisture availability in Africa and ENSO variability, likely driven by changes in Earth's eccentricity. Low-latitude insolation is identified as a key driver of pan-African climate change, impacting vegetation and mammal evolution.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Helen M. Roberts, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Melissa S. Chapot, Alan L. Deino, Christine S. Lane, Celine Vidal, Asfawossen Asrat, Andrew Cohen, Verena Foerster, Henry F. Lamb, Frank Schaebitz, Martin H. Trauth, Finn A. Viehberg
Summary: Dating a composite sediment core from Chew Bahir in south Ethiopia reveals a high-resolution lacustrine sediment record that spans the entire timescale of modern human evolution and dispersal, providing important insights into environmental change and hominin evolutionary adaptation.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Martin H. Trauth, Asfawossen Asrat, Nadine Berner, Faysal Bibi, Verena Foerster, Matt Grove, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, Mark A. Maslin, Manfred Mudelsee, Frank Schaebitz
Summary: The study evaluates the connection between Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, African climate, and mammalian species turnover, concluding that these events were gradual rather than sudden, contrary to previous hypotheses. The research highlights the importance of re-analyzing key records to challenge existing ideas and establish a more accurate timeline for these environmental changes.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Martin H. Trauth, Asfawossen Asrat, Andrew S. Cohen, Walter Duesing, Verena Foerster, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, K. Hauke Kraemer, Henry F. Lamb, Norbert Marwan, Mark A. Maslin, Frank Schaebitz
Summary: The CBDP aims to explore the connection between climate and hominin evolution in Africa through the analysis of sediment cores from the Chew Bahir basin. Different types of variability and transitions identified in the aridity record of the Chew Bahir basin have significant implications for the shaping of habitat for H. sapiens and their ancestors.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Johanna Krueger, Verena Foerster, Martin H. Trauth, Michael Hofreiter, Ralph Tiedemann
Summary: Eastern Africa is rich in key paleoanthropological sites and paleolakes, making it a prime target for scientific drilling projects like the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP). Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) analysis at the Chew Bahir drill site has revealed the effectiveness of cross-species hybridization capture in enriching eukaryotic remnants for paleoenvironmental analysis, enhancing information content in tropical conditions. This approach offers insights into past ecological and climatological conditions, showing potential for exploring biosphere changes associated with ancient environmental conditions.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gabriele E. Arnold, Verena Foerster, Martin H. Trauth, Henry Lamb, Frank Schaebitz, Asfawossen Asrat, Claudia Szczech, Christina Gunter
Summary: The study discusses the challenges of establishing robust environmental proxies in newly investigated terrestrial sedimentary archives, and reports the results of climate proxy studies in the Chew Bahir Basin, southern Ethiopia. The research utilized hyperspectral analysis to identify proxies and complemented previous sedimentological and geochemical analyses to better understand environmental changes in the habitat of early humans.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Walter Duesing, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, Asfawossen Asrat, Andrew S. Cohen, Verena Foerster, Henry F. Lamb, Frank Schaebitz, Martin H. Trauth, Finn Viehberg
Summary: The study findings suggest that the long-term wet-dry changes in the eastern African climate are mainly due to changes in orbital eccentricity, which may have affected the habitat of H. sapiens. The transition from Acheulean to Middle Stone Age coincides with a period of relatively dry climate, while the first documented occurrence of H. sapiens in eastern Africa was characterized by wetter conditions.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Nadine Berner, Martin H. Trauth, Matthias Holschneider
Summary: Over the past 5 million years, the Earth's ocean-atmosphere system has gone through significant transitions, some of which are believed to be associated with human evolution. Using a kernel-based Bayesian inference approach, this study successfully identified the location and temporal scale of multiple transitions in Plio-Pleistocene African climate records. The findings reveal two distinct transitions in African climate around 2.35-2.10 million years ago and 1.70-1.50 million years ago.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andrew S. Cohen, Christopher J. Campisano, J. Ramon Arrowsmith, Asfawossen Asrat, Catherine C. Beck, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Alan L. Deino, Craig S. Feibel, Verena Foerster, John D. Kingston, Henry F. Lamb, Tim K. Lowenstein, Rachel L. Lupien, Veronica Muiruri, Daniel O. Olago, R. Bernhart Owen, Richard Potts, James M. Russell, Frank Schaebitz, Jeffery R. Stone, Martin H. Trauth, Chad L. Yost
Summary: This article reviews the valuable data obtained through drill-core studies of lacustrine sedimentary rocks in eastern Africa, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of environmental change in shaping human evolution. The proposed drilling of Africa's oldest lakes is crucial for gaining a comprehensive paleoenvironmental context for the entire late Neogene history of hominin evolution.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Martin H. Trauth, Norbert Marwan
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel L. Lupien, James M. Russell, Emma J. Pearson, Isla S. Castaneda, Asfawossen Asrat, Verena Foerster, Henry F. Lamb, Helen M. Roberts, Frank Schabitz, Martin H. Trauth, Catherine C. Beck, Craig S. Feibel, Andrew S. Cohen
Summary: Understanding the ancient climate of eastern Africa is crucial for understanding early human evolution and migration. This study presents records of rainfall from ancient lake sediments, providing insights into the control mechanisms of Pleistocene climate in the region. The results suggest that eastern African rainfall was mainly influenced by low-latitude summer insolation during the early and middle Pleistocene, with little impact from glacial-interglacial cycles. However, high-latitude-driven climate processes emerged during the last interglacial to the present, when glacial-interglacial cycles were strong. The findings highlight the variable response of eastern African rainfall to different forcing mechanisms throughout time.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Verena Foerster, Asfawossen Asrat, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Erik T. Brown, Melissa S. Chapot, Alan Deino, Walter Duesing, Matthew Grove, Annette Hahn, Annett Junginger, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, Christine S. Lane, Stephan Opitz, Anders Noren, Helen M. Roberts, Mona Stockhecke, Ralph Tiedemann, Celine M. Vidal, Ralf Vogelsang, Andrew S. Cohen, Henry F. Lamb, Frank Schaebitz, Martin H. Trauth
Summary: This study presents an environmental record from Chew Bahir, southern Ethiopia, which sheds light on the potential influence of climatic variability on hominin biological and cultural transformation. The findings provide valuable insights into key periods of human evolution and cultural innovation.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Markus L. Fischer, Felix Bachofer, Chad L. Yost, Ines J. E. Bludau, Christian Schepers, Verena Foerster, Henry Lamb, Frank Schaebitz, Asfawossen Asrat, Martin H. Trauth, Annett Junginger
Summary: Southern Ethiopia has undergone significant climatic changes over the past 25,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum to the African Humid Period and present-day dry conditions. Vegetation changes and lake balance models reflect the impact of climate change on the region, with paleo-landcover maps showing shifts in moisture availability. Human occupations in southern Ethiopia appear to align with open landscapes during the late Pleistocene and Holocene, indicating a correlation between human activity and environmental conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Frank Schaebitz, Asfawossen Asrat, Henry F. Lamb, Andrew S. Cohen, Verena Foerster, Walter Duesing, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, Stephan Opitz, Finn A. Viehberg, Ralf Vogelsang, Jonathan Dean, Melanie J. Leng, Annett Junginger, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Melissa S. Chapot, Alan Deino, Christine S. Lane, Helen M. Roberts, Celine Vidal, Ralph Tiedemann, Martin H. Trauth
Summary: A drying trend in East Africa followed by cycles of high millennial to centennial climate variability between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago may have influenced the dispersal of human populations. The reconstructions of climatic and environmental conditions contribute to debates about early human dispersal factors within and beyond Africa. The multi-proxy paleoclimate record from Chew Bahir in Ethiopia reveals two modes of climate change associated with specific human behaviors.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
