Review
Virology
Liselotte E. E. Jensen
Summary: Pellino proteins are important ubiquitin ligases in intracellular signaling involved in immune responses. Viruses can target Pellino proteins to evade the immune system. Mouse models of viral infections have shown both beneficial and detrimental effects of Pellino proteins on immune responses. This review highlights the diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis associated with Pellino proteins and emphasizes the need for further research.
Article
Microbiology
Edward Dobbs, Greg Deakin, Julie Bennett, Caoimhe Fleming-Archibald, Ian Jones, Helen Grogan, Keny Burton
Summary: The study examined viral interactions in Agaricus bisporus cultures with 9 viruses, identifying four clusters of viral RNA indicating synergism and coreplication. Diseased fruitbodies showed significantly higher levels of specific viral RNA, suggesting an exponential shift in replicative capacity. These interactions appeared to be stochastic, with disease symptoms randomly distributed and high levels of specific viral RNA present.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huan Liu, Dexi Liu
Summary: In this study, a novel SARS-CoV-2 viral vector was developed, allowing for investigation by the broader scientific community. The vector transduces target cells in an ACE2-dependent manner, and the incorporation of the VEEV self-amplification mechanism increases gene expression level and extends transgene expression time. Furthermore, the vector has significant applications in neutralizing antibody quantification and antiviral drug testing.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lulu Deng, Lingcai Zhao, Jiayu Jin, Bingchen Qiao, Xiaoting Zhang, Lifeng Chang, Lucheng Zheng, Samar Dankar, Jihui Ping
Summary: The overexpression of TACC3 reduces the viral titers of multiple influenza A viruses, while the downregulation of TACC3 increases viral propagation. TACC3's inhibitory effect on viral replication occurs in the early stages, as its overexpression leads to decreased viral nucleoprotein accumulation and slower endosomal trafficking. Overall, TACC3 acts as an important inhibitory factor for influenza A virus replication.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Audrey Labarde, Lina Jakutyte, Cyrille Billaudeau, Beatrix Fauler, Maria Lopez-Sanz, Prishila Ponien, Eric Jacquet, Thorsten Mielke, Silvia Ayora, Rut Carballido-Lopez, Paulo Tavares
Summary: Infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SPP1 leads to the hijacking of host replication proteins to assemble hybrid viral-bacterial replisomes, doubling the cell total DNA content within 15 minutes. The replisomes operate at several independent locations within a single viral DNA focus positioned asymmetrically in the cell. These findings demonstrate that bacteriophages restructure the host cytoplasm to confine the essential processes for their multiplication at different cellular locations.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kang Cao, Yan Zhang, Qian Yao, Yanjuan Peng, Qu Pan, Qiuxia Jiao, Ke Ren, Fenghui Sun, Qian Zhang, Ran Guo, Jiali Zhang, Tian Chen
Summary: This study discovered a novel mechanism of hypericin's antiviral effect against HSV-1. Hypericin inhibits the activity of alkaline nuclease, suppresses viral gene expression and protein synthesis, and inhibits viral adsorption and penetration.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Jeffery A. A. Nurdin, Tomohiro Kotaki, Takahiro Kawagishi, Shintaro Sato, Moeko Yamasaki, Ryotaro Nouda, Shohei Minami, Yuta Kanai, Takeshi Kobayashi
Summary: Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, leading to significant economic and health burden worldwide. The N-glycosylation of NSP4 protein plays a critical role in viral replication and pathogenicity.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valerie Cortez, Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Summary: Goblet cells are essential epithelial cells that protect the airways and intestines from infections. While their defenses against bacterial and parasitic infections are well-characterized, their responses to viral infections are still being explored. Viral interactions with the mucus barrier can alter the course of infection.
Article
Microbiology
Zhao Gao, Xuexiang Zhang, Lin Zhang, Shuo Wu, Julia Ma, Fuxuan Wang, Yan Zhou, Xinghong Dai, Esther Bullitt, Yanming Du, Ju-Tao Guo, Jinhong Chang
Summary: This study discovered a benzodiazepine compound, BDAA, that inhibits yellow fever virus replication and enhances immune response. The interaction between BDAA and NS4B protein impairs the integrity of viral replication organelles, leading to the leakage of viral RNA and activation of immune response.
Review
Plant Sciences
Ivana Jovanovic, Nicole Frantova, Jan Zouhar
Summary: The plant endomembrane system plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant viruses remodel this system to create replication compartments and evade host defenses. Recent research has revealed that plant antiviral immunity involves receptor-like kinases and selective autophagy, highlighting the complex interplay between viral components and the plant endomembrane-associated pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Jason T. Blackard, Kenneth E. Sherman
Summary: Substances commonly misused like alcohol and drugs can suppress immune responses and impact viral pathogenesis; Illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of various viral pathogens, accelerating disease progression and increasing the risk of virus transmission.
Article
Virology
Charles N. S. Allen, Sterling P. Arjona, Maryline Santerre, Bassel E. Sawaya
Summary: Metabolic reprogramming is a common feature in both cancer and viral infections, involving seven main characteristics. Viruses exploit metabolic reprogramming to acquire biomass and create an environment that resists apoptosis and immune system attacks. Understanding the role of metabolic reprogramming in viral pathogenesis may lead to the development of more effective antiviral therapies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Torunn Bruland, Ann Elisabet Ostvik, Arne Kristian Sandvik, Marianne Dore Hansen
Summary: Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing and remitting colonic mucosal inflammation. During viral infection, innate immune defenses are activated leading to cytokine release and downstream responses. Viruses may act as resident commensals providing protective immunity, but dysregulation of immune responses can lead to excessive inflammation. This review discusses the role of virus-induced innate immune responses in ulcerative colitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mazen Alazem, John Bwalya, Pai Hsuan, Jisuk Yu, Huong Cam Chu, Tessa Burch-Smith, Kook-Hyung Kim
Summary: Viral synergism occurs when mixed infection of susceptible plants by multiple viruses increases susceptibility to at least one of the viruses. This study found that bean pod mottle virus disrupts soybean's extreme resistance against soybean mosaic virus by impairing the downstream defense mechanism induced by the Rsv3 R gene.
Article
Immunology
Caiyue Ren, Tong Chen, Shishuo Zhang, Qingxia Gao, Jiahui Zou, Peng Li, Biaoxiong Wang, Yaxin Zhao, Aotian Ouyang, Sizhu Suolang, Hongbo Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the gene expression profiles in response to swine H1N1/2009 influenza A virus infection in newborn pig trachea cells. The researchers found that PLK3, a member of the PLK family, was upregulated after infection and played a crucial role in viral replication.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca M. Broeckel, Friederike Feldmann, Kristin L. McNally, Abhilash I. Chiramel, Gail L. Sturdevant, Jacqueline M. Leung, Patrick W. Hanley, Jamie Lovaglio, Rebecca Rosenke, Dana P. Scott, Greg Saturday, Fadila Bouamr, Angela L. Rasmussen, Shelly J. Robertson, Sonja M. Best
Summary: The study demonstrates the utility of pigtailed macaques as a model for Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) and Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus (AHFV), showing that infected animals exhibit multiple features of human disease. This model can be valuable for further research on viral pathogenesis, vaccine efficacy, and antiviral development.
Article
Biology
Emily Speranza, Jyothi N. Purushotham, Julia R. Port, Benjamin Schwarz, Meaghan Flagg, Brandi N. Williamson, Friederike Feldmann, Manmeet Singh, Lizzette Perez-Perez, Gail L. Sturdevant, Lydia M. Roberts, Aaron Carmody, Jonathan E. Schulz, Neeltje van Doremalen, Atsushi Okumura, Jamie Lovaglio, Patrick W. Hanley, Carl Shaia, Ronald N. Germain, Sonja M. Best, Vincent J. Munster, Catharine M. Bosio, Emmie de Wit
Summary: Experimental findings suggest that while both aged and young macaques show similar disease outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is an age-specific divergence in immune responses. Older animals exhibit sustained local inflammatory responses, whereas younger animals induce local effector T-cell responses earlier. The research also indicates increased repair-associated signals in younger animals and persistent pro-inflammatory responses in older animals.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Shelly J. Robertson, Sonja M. Best
Summary: In this article, Simpson et al. reveal that death of activated macrophages integrates extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis that contribute to damaging host responses.
Article
Neurosciences
Clayton W. Winkler, Chad S. Clancy, Rebecca Rosenke, Karin E. Peterson
Summary: This study used a mouse model to investigate the impact of vertically transmitted ZIKV infection on neonatal survival and brain development. Modulation of infection dose and treatment frequency extended neonatal survival, leading to chronic ZIKV infection in the brain and structural abnormalities and cell death in multiple brain regions.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Smith, Bradley R. Groveman, Clayton Winkler, Katie Williams, Ryan Walters, Jue Yuan, Wenquan Zou, Karin Peterson, Simote T. Foliaki, Cathryn L. Haigh
Summary: This study developed a cerebral organoid model to investigate the factors that trigger prion protein misfolding. The results showed that neither oxidative stress nor Herpes Simplex Type-1 virus can induce misfolding of E200K prion protein in the organoid system.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Cable, Mark R. Denison, Margaret Kielian, William T. Jackson, Ralf Bartenschlager, Tero Ahola, Suchetana Mukhopadhyay, Daved H. Fremont, Richard J. Kuhn, Ashleigh Shannon, Meredith N. Frazier, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Carolyn B. Coyne, Katja C. Wolthers, Guo-Li Ming, Camy S. Guenther, Jasmine Moshiri, Sonja M. Best, John W. Schoggins, Kellie Ann Jurado, Gregory D. Ebel, Alexandra Schafer, Lisa F. P. Ng, Marjolein Kikkert, Alessandro Sette, Eva Harris, Peter A. C. Wing, Julie Eggenberger, Siddharth R. Krishnamurthy, Marcus G. Mah, Rita M. Meganck, Donghoon Chung, Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, Raul Andino, Bette Korber, Stanley Perlman, Pei-Yong Shi, Montserrat Barcena, Sophie-Marie Aicher, Michelle N. Vu, Devin J. Kenney, Brett D. Lindenbach, Yukiko Nishida, Laurent Renia, Evan P. Williams
Summary: Positive-strand RNA viruses, such as Zika virus, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2, have caused major outbreaks and epidemics in recent years. The Keystone Symposium Positive-Strand RNA Viruses, held on June 18-22, 2022, brought together researchers in various fields to discuss the latest research in molecular and cell biology, virology, immunology, vaccinology, and antiviral drug development. This report provides concise summaries of the scientific discussions at the symposium.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Durbadal Ojha, Rahul Basu, Karin E. Peterson
Summary: The Zika virus is an arbovirus that causes placental insufficiency, microcephaly, and other neurological complications. Currently, there are no approved therapeutics to treat Zika virus infection. In this study, researchers examined how inhibiting cellular organelles or trafficking processes affected virus replication. They found that inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress could effectively inhibit virus production, suggesting it as a potential cellular target for antiviral development.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sydney B. Stein, Sabrina M. Ramelli, Alison A. Grazioli, Joon-Yong S. Chung, Manmeet R. Singh, Claude Kwe R. Yinda, Clayton E. Winkler, Junfeng Sun, James P. Dickey, Kris A. Ylaya, Sung Hee H. Ko, Andrew A. Platt, Peter Burbelo, Martha Quezado, Stefania Pittaluga, Madeleine Purcell, Vincent Munster, Frida Belinky, Marcos Ramos-Benitez, Eli Boritz, Izabella W. Lach, Daniel Herr, Joseph D. Rabin, Kapil Saharia, Ronson Madathil, Ali Tabatabai, Shahabuddin Soherwardi, Michael McCurdy, Karin E. Peterson, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Emmie de Wit, Kevin M. Vannella, Stephen M. Hewitt, David E. Kleiner, Daniel S. Chertow
Summary: This study provides new insights into the extent of COVID-19 infection in patients. It reveals that SARS-CoV-2 can be widely distributed throughout the body, including the brain, and can persist for up to 230 days, particularly in severe cases.
Article
Microbiology
Rosa C. Coldbeck-Shackley, Ornella Romeo, Sarah Rosli, Linden J. Gearing, Jodee A. Gould, San S. Lim, Kylie H. Van der Hoek, Nicholas S. Eyre, Byron Shue, Sarah A. Robertson, Sonja M. Best, Michelle D. Tate, Paul J. Hertzog, Michael R. Beard
Summary: This study investigates the role of a hormonally regulated type I interferon, IFN epsilon (IFNε), in controlling Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the female reproductive tract. The researchers demonstrate that IFNε has anti-ZIKV properties through the use of IFNε KO mice, neutralising antibodies, and recombinant IFNε administered directly to the reproductive tract. Additionally, human cell lines derived from the reproductive tract were used to complement the in vivo studies. This work highlights the importance of IFNε as a key type I interferon in providing an antiviral environment in the female reproductive tract.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alyssa B. Evans, Clayton W. Winkler, Sarah L. Anzick, Stacy M. Ricklefs, Dan E. Sturdevant, Karin E. Peterson
Summary: This study found that there is little restriction on Zika virus (ZIKV) diversity during transmission from the placenta to the fetus at early stages. However, there is a sharp decrease in ZIKV diversity in both fetal bodies and fetal brains at late stages, suggesting possible selection for certain variants during neuroinvasion of ZIKV into fetal brains.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Leanne Arakkal, Gail Sturdevant, Shelly Robertson, Kimberley Meade-White, Ronald N. Germain, Sonja M. Best, Emily Speranza
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Guoli Shi, Abhilash I. Chiramel, Tiansheng Li, Kin Kui Lai, Adam D. Kenney, Ashley Zani, Adrian C. Eddy, Saliha Majdoul, Lizhi Zhang, Tirhas Dempsey, Paul A. Beare, Swagata Kar, Jonathan W. Yewdell, Sonja M. Best, Jacob S. Yount, Alex A. Compton
Summary: The use of rapalog drugs increases susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised individuals by promoting virus entry into cells and inhibiting the cell-intrinsic immune response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xi Wang, Cristina Cunha, Madeleine S. Grau, Shelly J. Robertson, Joao F. Lacerda, Antonio Campos Jr, Katrien Lagrou, Johan Maertens, Sonja M. Best, Agostinho Carvalho, Joshua J. Obar
Summary: This study investigates the role of the RIG-I-like receptor family in antifungal immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus and identifies the associations between polymorphisms in human MAYS and IFIH1 genes with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Additionally, it demonstrates that CD11c(+) Siglec F+ alveolar macrophages require Mavs expression for host resistance against A. fumigatus in a murine model.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anne Ward, Forrest Jessop, Robert Faris, Daniel Shoup, Catharine M. Bosio, Karin E. Peterson, Suzette A. Priola
Summary: Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can be transmitted among mammals. This study found that the protein SARM1, expressed in neurons, slows the progression of prion disease by regulating mitochondrial respiration. Prion-infected mice lacking SARM1 showed increased mitochondrial respiration and accelerated disease incubation time.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
A. Sharma, K. Konstantinos, A. Jayaraman, A. Mann, S. J. Robertson, S. M. Best, M. Bosmann
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)