Review
Microbiology
Chonghui Xu, Jizheng Chen, Xinwen Chen
Summary: Hepatitis viruses are the primary causative agents of hepatitis and pose a major public health issue globally. The host innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against these viruses. However, hepatitis viruses evade host immune surveillance through various strategies, compromising the innate immune response and creating a favorable environment for viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Marco Y. W. Zaki, Ahmed M. Fathi, Samara Samir, Nardeen Eldafashi, Kerolis Y. William, Maiiada Hassan Nazmy, Moustafa Fathy, Upkar S. Gill, Shishir Shetty
Summary: HBV and HCV infections are the most common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and their distribution affects the global prevalence of this type of liver cancer. Hepatitis infections elicit immune responses within the liver microenvironment, and persistent viral infection leads to chronic liver inflammation and carcinogenesis.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hua-Jun Zhao, Yi-Fei Hu, Qiu-Ju Han, Jian Zhang
Summary: This review provides a detailed explanation of the immunological and biological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, as well as the escape mechanisms of the virus. It also discusses novel immune-based therapies for treating hepatitis B virus.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Peiyu Zheng, Yongqing Dou, Qinying Wang
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major threat to global public health, despite increasing vaccination rates. The outcome of HBV infection depends on the interaction between viral replication and host immune response. While innate immunity plays an initial role, long-term immunity is lacking due to HBV's ability to evade detection. Therefore, adaptive immunity involving T cells and B cells is crucial in controlling and clearing HBV infections. However, the persistence of HBV leads to immune tolerance and makes achieving a functional cure challenging.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jia-Rui Zheng, Zi-Long Wang, Bo Feng
Summary: Hepatitis B virus infection causes indirect damage to hepatocytes through the immune system. The exhaustion of virus-specific immune cells and immune suppression by virus antigens contribute to the chronicity of the infection. Functional cure can be achieved by restoring the specific immune function, providing a theoretical basis for complete cure of hepatitis B.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyo-Jung Cho, Jae-Youn Cheong
Summary: Chronic inflammation, particularly induced by HBV infection and immune-mediated liver damage, plays a crucial role in HCC development. NK cells exhibit early antiviral and antitumor properties, while cytokines released by inflammatory cells may promote HCC tumorigenesis. Immunosuppressive cells like Treg and myeloid-derived suppressive cells are critical in hepatic carcinogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Michelle Felicia Lee, Guan Zhong Voon, Hui Xuan Lim, Mun Lok Chua, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that poses significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. The dengue virus has evolved various strategies to manipulate the host's immune responses, and miRNAs and DENV non-structural proteins (NS) are promising targets for anti-dengue therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Maura Dandri, Antonio Bertoletti, Marc Luetgehetmann
Summary: Chronic infections with human hepatitis viruses, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV), have a significant impact on human health globally. Understanding how these viruses interact with hepatocytes' innate immune responses is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Infected hepatocytes by these viruses influence immune system functions and affect the progression of liver diseases.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Nighat Perveen, Khalid Muhammad, Sabir Bin Muzaffar, Tean Zaheer, Nayla Munawar, Bojan Gajic, Olivier Andre Sparagano, Uday Kishore, Arve Lee Willingham
Summary: Haematophagous arthropods can carry various pathogens and transmit them to humans and animals, making it important to study their relationship with viruses. Insects have an innate immune system that helps them fight infections. The cellular components of haemolymph, called haemocytes, play a central role in the insect immune system. Mosquitoes and ticks, blood-feeding arthropods, can transmit viral pathogens to their hosts. Despite the arthropod vectors' complex immune response, the viruses can still survive and be transmitted. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to control ectoparasite infestations and prevent vector-borne transmission of viral pathogens to humans and animals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Chue Vin Chin, Mohsan Saeed
Summary: Viral proteases play a significant role in viral infections by affecting viral protein maturation and impacting the host innate immune response. Studying viral protease-mediated host protein cleavage provides valuable insights into the complexity of the innate immune system and viral pathogenesis.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tingting Feng, Hao Tong, Zhihao Ming, Lei Deng, Jiayan Liu, Jiahui Wu, Zhengrong Chen, Yongdong Yan, Jianfeng Dai
Summary: The study shows that matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) has antiviral activities and enhances antiviral immune responses during viral infection. MMP3 deficiency in mice leads to increased susceptibility to viral infection and compromised antiviral immune responses. The translocation of MMP3 and its impact on NF-kappa B activity may be involved in its antiviral mechanism.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Feng Pang, Qinqin Long, Min Wei
Summary: This article provides an overview of how bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) evades the host's immune response through various immune evasion strategies, thereby promoting the virus's survival and replication. Understanding BVDV's immune evasion strategies can enhance our knowledge of its pathogenesis and contribute to the development of more effective prevention, control, and eradication measures.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jianya Peng, Hannah G. G. Federman, Christina M. Hernandez, Mark C. C. Siracusa
Summary: Parasitic helminth infections are a global health issue, causing significant morbidity and economic hardships. Host protective responses to helminths involve the initiation of type 2 inflammation and the involvement of various immune cells. Recent studies have also highlighted the importance of neuro-immune interactions in regulating anti-helminth immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shuling Wu, Wei Yi, Yuanjiao Gao, Wen Deng, Xiaoyue Bi, Yanjie Lin, Liu Yang, Yao Lu, Ruyu Liu, Min Chang, Ge Shen, Leiping Hu, Lu Zhang, Minghui Li, Yao Xie
Summary: Functional cure is considered achieved when chronic hepatitis B patients achieve HBsAg seroclearance after treatment. Clearing the virus is challenging due to the difficulty in clearing both cccDNA and integrated dslDNA. High levels of HBsAg in the serum lead to immune system failure, making it unable to produce an effective antiviral response. Only less than 1% of chronic hepatitis B patients are cured annually with antiviral treatment. Coinfection with other viruses such as HIV, HCV, and HDV makes it even more difficult to cure. However, it has been found that patients with coinfection have a higher probability of achieving HBsAg seroclearance, especially those with HBV/HIV coinfection with up to 36% 5-year seroclerance rate. This interesting phenomenon is related to the functional reconstruction of the immune system after antiretroviral therapy (ART).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Brian V. Tsu, Elizabeth J. Fay, Katelyn T. Nguyen, Miles R. Corley, Bindhu Hosuru, Viviana A. Dominguez, Matthew D. Daugherty
Summary: Pathogens encode proteases to counteract the host immune system, leading to evolutionary conflicts between viral proteases and host factors. This results in diverse protease-host interactions influencing host range, zoonotic potential, and pathogenicity of viral infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Bertoletti, Carolina Boni
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leo Swadling, Mariana O. Diniz, Nathalie M. Schmidt, Oliver E. Amin, Aneesh Chandran, Emily Shaw, Corinna Pade, Joseph M. Gibbons, Nina Le Bert, Anthony T. Tan, Anna Jeffery-Smith, Cedric C. S. Tan, Christine Y. L. Tham, Stephanie Kucykowicz, Gloryanne Aidoo-Micah, Joshua Rosenheim, Jessica Davies, Marina Johnson, Melanie P. Jensen, George Joy, Laura E. McCoy, Ana M. Valdes, Benjamin M. Chain, David Goldblatt, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A. Treibel, James C. Moon, Lucy van Dorp, Francois Balloux, Aine McKnight, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Antonio Bertoletti, Mala K. Maini
Summary: Research suggests that some individuals can clear potential SARS-CoV-2 infection after exposure, with T cells playing a role in the process. Studying healthcare workers who tested negative for antibodies revealed that they had stronger and more diverse memory T cells, with a focus on RTC.
Letter
Hematology
Bernice Ling Zhi Oh, Nicole Tan, Ruklanthi de Alwis, Kamini Kunasegaran, Zhiwei Chen, Michelle Poon, Esther Chan, Jenny G. H. Low, Allen Eng Juh Yeoh, Antonio Bertoletti, Nina Le Bert
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Bertoletti
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Joey Ming Er Lim, Anthony Tanoto Tan, Nina Le Bert, Shou Kit Hang, Jenny Guek Hong Low, Antonio Bertoletti
Summary: Nasal-resident T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 were detected in vaccinated individuals only after infection, highlighting the significance of nasal challenge in the formation of antiviral immunity at the site of infection.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Bertoletti, Nina Le Bert
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Bertoletti, Nina Le Bert, Anthony T. Tan, Carolina Boni, Paola Fisicaro, Carlo Ferrari, Kyong-Mi Chang, Adam J. Gehring, Georg Lauer, Mala Maini, Robert Thimme, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Meiyin Lin, Sebastian Chakrit Bhakdi, Damien Tan, Joycelyn Jie Xin Lee, David Wai Meng Tai, Andrea Pavesi, Lu-En Wai, Tina Wang, Antonio Bertoletti, Anthony Tanoto Tan
Summary: This study developed a microscopy-based assay to quantify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and demonstrated that IDRA HBV-TCR T cells can lyse free-floating HBV-HCC cells in whole blood in the presence of immunosuppressive drugs.
IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Anthony T. Tan, Joey Ming Er Lim, Antonio Bertoletti
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anthony Tanoto Tan, Fanping Meng, Jiehua Jin, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Si-Yu Wang, Lei Shi, Ming Shi, Yuanyuan Li, Yunbo Xie, Li-Min Liu, Chun-Bao Zhou, Alicia Chua, Zi Zong Ho, Junqing Luan, Jinfang Zhao, Jing Li, Lu-En Wai, Sarene Koh, Tingting Wang, Antonio Bertoletti, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: The study demonstrates the feasibility of using messenger RNA HBV-TCR-redirected T cells for treating patients with HBV-HCC, resulting in long-term clinical benefits. However, further validation is needed to assess the reliability and longevity of immune monitoring.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)