Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luis Vicente Herrera-Marcos, Dil Sahali, Mario Ollero
Summary: Glycosphingolipids are a class of lipids that have sugar moieties attached to a ceramide backbone. Recently, there has been increased interest in the role of 9-O acetylated gangliosides in cellular disorders. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of these gangliosides and their connection to cellular diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simon J. L. Petitjean, Wenzhang Chen, Melanie Koehler, Ravikumar Jimmidi, Jinsung Yang, Danahe Mohammed, Blinera Juniku, Megan L. Stanifer, Steeve Boulant, Stephane P. Vincent, David Alsteens
Summary: This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 specifically binds to 9-O-acetylated sialic acid on cell surfaces and proposes novel inhibitors for viral infection. Understanding the molecular details of virus-cell binding and developing anti-viral strategies are urgent tasks in response to the emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jiechen Shen, Bojing Zhu, Zexuan Chen, Li Jia, Shisheng Sun
Summary: O-Acetylation is a common modification of sialic acid that has a significant impact on glycoprotein stability, immune response, and cell development. This study introduces a new workflow for accurately interpreting O-Acetylated sialoglycopeptides (OAcSGPs) and estimating their probability. By optimizing mass spectrometry parameters, this method has successfully identified 171 unique O-AcSGPs in mouse serum, providing insights into their activities and paving the way for further analyses of site-specific O-AcSias in complex samples.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jiechen Shen, Bojing Zhu, Zexuan Chen, Li Jia, Shisheng Sun
Summary: O-Acetylation is a common modification of sialic acid that plays an important role in glycoprotein stability, immune response, and cell development. However, the lack of efficient methods for direct analysis of O-acetylated sialoglycopeptides has limited the identification of O-acetylated sialic acids with glycosite/glycoprotein information. In this study, a new workflow was introduced for precise interpretation of O-AcSGPs by identifying the characteristic B and Y ions of O-AcSias. The method allowed the identification of 171 unique O-AcSGPs in mouse serum, paving the way for large-scale structural and functional analyses of site-specific O-AcSias in complex samples.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Johanna Hol Fosse, Adriana Magalhaes Santos Andresen, Frieda Betty Ploss, Simon Chioma Weli, Inger Austrheim Heffernan, Subash Sapkota, Krister Lundgard, Raoul Valentin Kuiper, Anita Solhaug, Knut Falk
Summary: Many sialic acid-binding viruses express a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) that removes the virus-targeted receptor and limits viral interactions with host cells. In this study, it was found that infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) progressively destroys the ISAV receptor on erythrocytes, leading to a loss of binding capacity for new virus particles. This surface modulation is mediated by the haemagglutinin esterase (HE) and is not influenced by endogenous esterases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Janos Tamas Padra, Stefany Ojaimi Loibman, Kaisa Thorell, Henrik Sundh, Kristina Sundell, Sara K. Linden
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Atlantic salmon mucins on quorum sensing in the bacterial disease furunculosis. The results demonstrate that certain saccharides present in the mucins can reduce the levels of autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a signaling molecule involved in bacterial communication.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Hai Yu, Zimin Zheng, Libo Zhang, Xiaohong Yang, Ajit Varki, Xi Chen
Summary: The stable N-acetyl analogues of biologically important 9-O-acetylated b-series gangliosides have been synthesized from a GM3 sphingosine using chemoenzymatic methods. Two chemoenzymatic methods were compared, and the second method was found to be more efficient for synthesizing 9NAc-GD3. Acylation reaction conditions were also improved to obtain target 9-N-acetylated gangliosides in a faster reaction with an easier purification process.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Emil Johansson, Remi Caraballo, Mikael Elofsson
Summary: This paper describes the synthesis of 4-O-alkyl analogues of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and the scope of the reaction. It demonstrates that activated alkyl halides and sulfonates, as well as primary alkyl iodides, can give products in useful yields. The utility of the methodology is exemplified using a specific example of synthesizing a 4-O-alkyl DANA analogue. These results expand the toolbox of Neu5Ac chemistry and have value in drug discovery and the study of Neu5Ac lectins biology.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Dylan Shea, Neil Frazer, Kiran Wadhawan, Andrew Bateman, Shaorong Li, Kristina M. Miller, Steven Short, Martin Krkosek
Summary: This study used environmental DNA to assess the spatial variation of Atlantic salmon eDNA concentration in British Columbia, Canada. The model estimates the spread of eDNA and provides a benchmark for the spread of pathogens or genetic material from invasive or imperilled species in a coastal marine context.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Aleksei Krasnov, Lill-Heidi Johansen, Christian Karlsen, Lene Sveen, Elisabeth Ytteborg, Gerrit Timmerhaus, Carlo C. Lazado, Sergey Afanasyev
Summary: Transcriptomics provides valuable data for functional annotations of genes, biomarker discovery, and quantitative assessment of responses. Meta-analysis of Nofima's Atlantic salmon microarray database identified four transcription modules with specific gene expression changes in response to various challenges. This analysis improved understanding of defense strategies in Atlantic salmon and revealed a set of multifunctional genes with unknown roles in disease and stress responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy Long, Simon R. M. Jones
Summary: Salmonid rickettsial septicemia is an emergent disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in marine-farmed salmonids. The study found species-specific patterns of bacterial shedding and pathogenesis, as well as correlations between physiological parameters and bacterial burden in different fish species. The timing and magnitude of bacterial shedding in infected fish align with mortality, providing insights for pathogen transmission models.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilhan Tomris, Luca Unione, Linh Nguyen, Pouya Zaree, Kim M. Bouwman, Lin Liu, Zeshi Li, Jelle A. Fok, Maria Rios Carrasco, Roosmarijn van der Woude, Anne L. M. Kimpel, Mirte W. Linthorst, Sinan E. Kilavuzoglu, Enrico C. J. M. Verpalen, Tom G. Caniels, Rogier W. Sanders, Balthasar A. . Heesters, Roland J. Pieters, Jesu's Jimenez-Barbero, John S. Klassen, Geert-Jan Boons, Robert P. de Vries
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 viruses use ACE2 as a functional receptor through their spike protein. The NTD of SARS-CoV-2 beta variant strain is capable of binding to Vero E6 cells and has a specific preference for 9-O-acetylated structures, suggesting a potential dual-receptor functionality of the S1 domain.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Oh, Ajit Varki, Xi Chen, Lee-Ping Wang
Summary: Many disease-causing viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, target sialic acids on the surface of cells. The preference of SARS-CoV-2 for specific forms of sialic acids has been identified, and it shares multiple sialic acid binding sites with MERS-CoV.
Article
Immunology
Wenlong Cai, Surendra Kumar, Umasuthan Navaneethaiyer, Albert Caballero-Solares, Laura A. Carvalho, Shona K. Whyte, Sara L. Purcell, Nellie Gagne, Tiago S. Hori, Melissa Allen, Richard G. Taylor, Rachel Balder, Christopher C. Parrish, Matthew L. Rise, Mark D. Fast
Summary: This study investigated the impact of four experimental functional feeds on Atlantic salmon during a single infection with sea lice and a co-infection with sea lice and infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). Transcriptomic analysis revealed different gene expression responses in the skin tissues of fish with different experimental diets. The co-infection group showed lower survival rates and up-regulated genes associated with glycolysis and immune response pathways. Understanding the effects of experimental functional feeds on the host response and co-infection trajectory is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies in open cage culture.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Heng Chi, Xianghu Meng, Roy Ambli Dalmo
Summary: In this study, two rat antibodies against Atlantic salmon GATA-3 were developed and the expression pattern of SsGATA-3 in salmon was determined. SsGATA-3 was found to be expressed in various tissues and played an important role in T cell lineage differentiation. Furthermore, SsGATA-3 was shown to enhance the activity of SsIL-4/13a promoter and regulate the expression of related genes.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Debes H. Christiansen, Alastair J. A. McBeath, Maria Aamelfot, Iveta Matejusova, Mickael Fourrier, Patricia White, Petra E. Petersen, Knut Falk
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2017)
Article
Parasitology
Simon Chioma Weli, Ole Bendik Dale, Haakon Hansen, Mona Cecilie Gjessing, Liv Birte Ronneberg, Knut Falk
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2017)
Article
Fisheries
G. Kurath, J. R. Winton, O. B. Dale, M. K. Purcell, K. Falk, R. A. Busch
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2016)
Article
Fisheries
A. Dalum, R. Tangen, K. Falk, I. Hordvik, G. Rosenlund, B. Torstensen, E. O. Koppang
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2016)
Article
Fisheries
A. McBeath, M. Aamelfot, D. H. Christiansen, I. Matejusova, T. Markussen, M. Kaldhusdal, O. B. Dale, S. C. Weli, K. Falk
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2015)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mickael Fourrier, Katherine Lester, Even Thoen, Aase Mikalsen, Oystein Evensen, Knut Falk, Bertrand Collet, Alastair McBeath
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2014)
Article
Immunology
Ida Bergva Aas, Lars Austbo, Melanie Koenig, Mohasina Syed, Knut Falk, Ivar Hordvik, Erling O. Koppang
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mickael Fourrier, Katherine Lester, Turhan Markussen, Knut Falk, Christopher J. Secombes, Alastair McBeath, Bertrand Collet
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Aamelfot, Debes H. Christiansen, Ole Bendik Dale, Alastair McBeath, Sylvie L. Benestad, Knut Falk
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael D. Gallagher, Iveta Matejusova, Lien Nguyen, Neil M. Ruane, Knut Falk, Daniel J. Macqueen
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Aamelfot, Johanna Hol Fosse, Hildegunn Viljugrein, Frieda Betty Ploss, Sylvie L. Benestad, Alastair McBeath, Debes Hammershaimb Christiansen, Kyle Garver, Knut Falk
Summary: Infection with ISAV leads to the destruction of the viral vascular surface receptor, resulting in interference with subsequent ISAV attachment. This study provides insights into the kinetics of viral receptor destruction and the potential role of vascular surface modulation in the pathogenesis of infectious salmon anaemia.
Article
Fisheries
Ida Bergva Aas, Lars Austbo, Knut Falk, Ivar Hordvik, Erling Olaf Koppang
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Maria Aamelfot, Alastair McBeath, Debes H. Christiansen, Iveta Matejusova, Knut Falk
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2015)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alastair J. A. McBeath, Yee Mai Ho, Maria Aamelfot, Malcolm Hall, Debes H. Christiansen, Turhan Markussen, Knut Falk, Iveta Matejusova
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2014)