Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
W. G. D. Wickramasingha, S. Jayasinghe, D. N. Karunaratne, E. W. M. A. Ekanayake, V Liyanapathirana, V Karunaratne
Summary: The study showed that 6β-hydroxy betunolic acid exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram positive organisms, especially showing synergistic effects when combined with oxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus and additive effects against MRSA. However, it had weak antibacterial activity against Gram negative strains. Further testing on different types of Gram positives and identification of the exact mechanism of action would be important.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seda Onder, Suat Sari, Ozden Tacal
Summary: The study investigated the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of the synthetic phenazine dye SO on human cholinesterases, demonstrating different inhibitory patterns on BChE, AChE, and BChE mutants. SO was found to be a potent inhibitor and may hold potential for the development of new drugs for AD treatment.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan-Mei Wei, Li Yang, Hao Wang, Cai-Hong Cai, Zhi-Bao Chen, Hui-Qin Chen, Wen-Li Mei, Hao-Fu Dai
Summary: Triterpenoids with dual inhibition against AChE and BuChE were discovered in Inonotus obliquus, showing potential as drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shouyuan Sun, Tao Shi, Yan Peng, Honghua Zhang, Linsheng Zhuo, Xue Peng, Qien Li, Manxia Wang, Shuzhi Wang, Zhen Wang
Summary: This study synthesized 19 pyrrole derivatives and investigated their cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Compounds 3o, 3p, and 3s with a 1,3-diaryl-pyrrole skeleton showed high selectivity toward BChE with comparable IC50 value to donepezil. The pharmaceutical potential of compounds 3o and 3p was further predicted and evaluated, confirming their suitability based on Lipinsky's five rules. Compound 3p was found to inhibit BChE in a mixed competitive mode based on inhibition kinetic studies and molecular docking. This research demonstrated the potential of the 1,3-diaryl-pyrrole skeleton as a selective BChE inhibitor.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Mohammad Imran Khan, Ali H. H. Alharbi, Varish Ahmad, Brijesh Singh Yadav
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is associated with memory and thinking problems. Flavonoids in apple have been identified as potential inhibitors for AD. This study found that CID: 12000657 could be used as an AChE inhibitor and CID: 135398658 as a BuChE inhibitor for the treatment of AD and other neurological disorders.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Mansha, Muhammad Taha, El Hassane Anouar, Nisar Ullah
Summary: An enhanced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is a hallmark in early stages of Alzheimer's disease, leading to decreased acetylcholine (ACh) levels and cholinergic dysfunction. New fluoroquinolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for AChE and BChE inhibitory activities, with the compound 7g showing the highest activity. Compounds with electronegative functions at the ortho position of the phenyl group exhibited higher activities, with molecular docking studies revealing conventional H-bonding interactions with active residues.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noopur Khare, Sanjiv Kumar Maheshwari, Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
Summary: The study explores the potential of using compounds like Dihydroquercetin as inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease by targeting Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations show promising binding patterns and stability, suggesting Dihydroquercetin as a good candidate for further therapeutic studies.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Xiao-Hui Wang, Hui-yun Wang, Jia-Zhen Wang, Mei Zhang, Xiao-Qian Chen, Feng-Lan Zhao, Qing-Guo Meng
Summary: The compound C30H46O3·1/6H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic system with cell parameters a = 29.4307(4) Å, b = 15.42797(17) Å, c = 18.4667(2) Å, and β = 104.4652(12)°. The volume of the unit cell is 8119.11(17) Å^3, with a space group of C2.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE-NEW CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kristin M. Reiland, Todd J. Eckroat
Summary: Polymethylene-linked isatin dimers and 3-indolyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole dimers were synthesized as selective BChE inhibitors, with the best compounds showing significant inhibitory activity and moderate blood-brain barrier permeability. These compounds exhibited selectivity towards BChE and demonstrated potential as lead compounds for further exploration.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Rudra Palash Mukherjee, Geok-Yong Yow, Samuel Sarakbi, Stefano Menegatti, Patrick V. Gurgel, Ruben G. Carbonell, Benjamin G. Bobay
Summary: This study reports the rational design and screening of trimeric peptides as ligands for the purification of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The selected peptides exhibited high affinity for BChE and achieved a significant purification factor. The study also revealed the correlation between conformational changes of BChE and the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous environment, providing insights for ligand design and affinity maturation.
COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Rehman Zafar, Humaira Naureen, Muhammad Zubair, Khadija Shahid, Muhammad Saeed Jan, Samar Akhtar, Hammad Ahmad, Wajeeha Waseem, Ali Haider, Saqib Ali, Muhammad Tariq, Abdul Sadiq
Summary: This study synthesized two novel amide-based transition metal zinc (II) complexes, AAZ7 and AAZ8, which showed potent acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials along with antioxidant activity. AAZ8 exhibited more potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity compared to the standard positive control galantamine, and also displayed promising antioxidant potential. These compounds have the potential to be good anti-Alzheimer candidates for future studies.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Bushra Adalat, Fazal Rahim, Wajid Rehman, Zarshad Ali, Liaqat Rasheed, Yousaf Khan, Thoraya A. Farghaly, Sulaiman Shams, Muhammad Taha, Abdul Wadood, Syed A. A. Shah, Magda H. Abdellatif
Summary: Twenty-one analogs based on benzimidazole, incorporating a substituted benzaldehyde moiety (1-21), were synthesized and screened for their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition profiles. Compound 3 showed the most potent activity due to the presence of chloro groups at the 3 and 4 positions of the phenyl ring. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that compound 3 formed the most stable complex with both acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinesterase, displaying higher binding affinities compared to the standard inhibitor donepezil.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear, Tan Ai Fein Ching-Ga, Kooi-Yeong Khaw, Francisco Leon, Wen-Nee Tan, Siti R. R. Yusof, Christopher R. R. McCurdy, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Surash Ramanathan
Summary: A new natural oxindole alkaloid, along with two known alkaloids, was discovered in the leaves of Malaysian Uncaria attenuata Korth. The new compound showed strong inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), while the other two compounds selectively inhibited BChE. Molecular docking studies revealed the interaction between the new compound and AChE through both hydrogen and hydrophobic bonding. This research suggests that Uncaria attenuata could be a potential source for bioactive alkaloids in treating age-related dementia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jakub Jonczyk, Jedrzej Kukulowicz, Kamil Latka, Barbara Malawska, Young-Sik Jung, Kamil Musilek, Marek Bajda
Summary: The research focused on investigating the reactivation process of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase blocked by organophosphorus compounds using molecular docking methods. The study identified essential amino acids for effective reactivation and those responsible for the selectivity of individual oximes against inhibited cholinesterases. This research contributes to the understanding of cholinesterase reactivation and highlights the potential of molecular docking in studying this process.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maram B. Alhawarri, Roza Dianita, Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa, Toshihiko Nogawa, Habibah A. Wahab
Summary: The phytoconstituents of C. timoriensis and C. grandis were identified, and their inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE was evaluated. Two compounds were isolated from C. timoriensis and five compounds were identified from C. grandis. Compound 2 showed significant inhibition towards AChE and BChE. Molecular docking revealed that compound 2 has good binding affinity towards TcAChE and HsBChE.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ting Yi Heung, Jessica Yue Shuen Huong, Wan Yeng Chen, Yi Wen Loh, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Bey-Hing Goh, Yong Sze Ong
Summary: Papaya extracts or their bioactive compounds may serve as a potential broad-spectrum therapy for cancer by targeting multiple characteristics of cancer development.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ji Young Jeong, Md Atikul Islam, Naeem Khan, Nargis Jamila, Joon Ho Hong, Kyong Su Kim
Summary: The study compared the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among three varieties of Perilla frutescens leaves from South Korea and found that the P. frutescens for. viridis Makino leaves contained the highest concentrations of VOCs. Differences in the patterns of functional groups and terpene types were demonstrated among the varieties. SDE provided more compounds while HS-SPME was more convenient for the determination.
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Nargis Jamila, In Min Hwang, Yu Min Park, Ga Hyun Lee, Ji Yeon Choi, Naeem Khan, Min Ja Cho, Kyung Su Park, Kyong Su Kim
Summary: This study reports the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in commonly consumed crustaceans collected from South Korea. The techniques used for analysis were validated, and the study also carried out risk assessment to determine the potential threat of these crustaceans to consumers. It was found that under normal circumstances, these crustaceans do not pose a threat to consumers.
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Wajheeba Khan, Naeem Khan, Nargis Jamila, Rehana Masood, Aaliya Minhaz, Farhat Amin, Amir Atlas, Umar Nishan
Summary: This study successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Rhus javanica, Rumex hastatus, and Callistemon viminalis. The structural and size analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed using spectroscopic techniques and microscopy. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed potential free radical scavenging, antibacterial, and catalytic properties, suggesting their promising role in drug development and remediation of industrial effluents.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Fisheries
Joanna Xuan Hui Goh, Loh Teng-Hern Tan, Jodi Woan-Fei Law, Hooi-Leng Ser, Kooi-Yeong Khaw, Vengadesh Letchumanan, Learn-Han Lee, Bey-Hing Goh
Summary: The shrimp farming industry faces challenges of disease and compromised shrimp quality due to high stocking density. Bacterial-derived additives have been widely adopted, particularly in Asia, for disease control. These additives, such as probiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics, and postbiotics, modulate the gut microbiota composition and show potential as alternatives to antibiotics. They not only help in disease control but also improve survival rate, enhance immunity, and promote growth. This review consolidates available data and provides a comprehensive overview of the research on bacterial derivatives in the shrimp industry, discussing challenges and future research niches.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Wen-Nee Tan, Kashvintha Nagarajan, Vuanghao Lim, Juzaili Azizi, Kooi-Yeong Khaw, Woei-Yenn Tong, Chean-Ring Leong, Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear
Summary: Endophytic fungi Diaporthe fraxini can produce bioactive metabolites with potential pharmacological activities. This study used metabolomics to investigate the variations in metabolomes of D. fraxini grown in different culture media. The supplemented culture medium stimulated the production of metabolites not found in the normal culture medium, and the fungal extract showed antioxidant activity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mohammad Al-Amin, Nagla Mustafa Eltayeb, Chowdhury Faiz Hossain, Siti Sarah Fazalul Rahiman, Melati Khairuddean, Salizawati Muhamad Salhimi
Summary: This study isolated new and known compounds from the rhizomes of C. aeruginosa and identified several bioactive compounds. Among them, comosone II showed significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion through the inhibition of MMP-9 enzyme.
JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Salah Abdalrazak Alshehade, Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour, Michael Mathai, Nelli Giribabu, Atefehalsadat Seyedan, Gurjeet Kaur, Fouad Saleih Resq Al-Suede, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Hassan Almoustafa, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, and Orthosiphon aristatus has been shown to inhibit its progression. Feeding C57BL/6 mice with O. aristatus extract for 8 weeks reduced liver enzyme levels and decreased serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and atherogenic risk index. Histological analysis also revealed a reversal of hepatic fat accumulation and reduced NAFLD severity. Furthermore, O. aristatus demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Overall, the primary mechanism of action of O. aristatus in treating NAFLD appears to be its antioxidant activity.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Thiruventhan Karunakaran, Yong Sean Goh, Rameshkumar Santhanam, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar, Surash Ramanathan
Summary: This study demonstrates the usage of a green extraction method to obtain noncytotoxic Ketum botanical extracts containing Mitragynine and its congeners.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Keisheni Ganeson, Ain Hafizah Alias, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul, Seeram Ramakrishna, Sevakumaran Vigneswari
Summary: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and the world economy. Conventional cancer therapies have limitations such as long treatment duration, systemic drug exposure, pain, side effects, and recurrence. Microneedles, a novel technology for transdermal application, are being extensively studied for their potential in cancer therapy, offering benefits like self-administration, painless treatment, and environmental friendliness. This review explores the types, fabrication methods, materials, recent advances, and opportunities of microneedles in cancer therapy, as well as addressing the challenges and limitations while suggesting solutions for their clinical translation.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sook Yee Liew, Wen Qi Mak, Hin Yee Thew, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Hazrina Hazni, Marc Litaudon, Khalijah Awang
Summary: Phytochemical investigation on the bark of Nauclea officinalis led to the discovery of a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, nauclediol. Its structure was identified through extensive spectroscopic analysis. Nauclediol showed cholinesterase-inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 15.429 and 8.756 μM, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that nauclediol acts as a non-competitive inhibitor for both AChE and BChE. Molecular docking studies showed that nauclediol interacts with the choline-binding site and the catalytic triad of TcAChE and hBChE. This study also demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of nauclediol against amyloid beta-induced cytotoxicity and LPS-induced neuroinflammation activity in a dose-dependent manner.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear, Tan Ai Fein Ching-Ga, Kooi-Yeong Khaw, Francisco Leon, Wen-Nee Tan, Siti R. R. Yusof, Christopher R. R. McCurdy, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Surash Ramanathan
Summary: A new natural oxindole alkaloid, along with two known alkaloids, was discovered in the leaves of Malaysian Uncaria attenuata Korth. The new compound showed strong inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), while the other two compounds selectively inhibited BChE. Molecular docking studies revealed the interaction between the new compound and AChE through both hydrogen and hydrophobic bonding. This research suggests that Uncaria attenuata could be a potential source for bioactive alkaloids in treating age-related dementia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Hafiz Husna Hasnan, Yasodha Sivasothy, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Mohd Azlan Nafiah, Hazrina Hazni, Marc Litaudon, Wan Adriyani Wan Ruzali, Sook Yee Liew, Khalijah Awang
Summary: Studies have been conducted to explore the potential of plant alkaloids, especially those from the Alseodaphne genus, as new drugs for Alzheimer's disease. A new alkaloid, N-methyl costaricine, was isolated from the bark of A. pendulifolia Gamb. and showed promising inhibition of cholinesterase. This compound has the potential to be developed as a new drug for Alzheimer's disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Ahmad Husaini Mohamed, Nur Athirah Noorhisham, Noorfatimah Yahaya, Sharifah Mohamad, Sazlinda Kamaruzzaman, Hasnah Osman, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
Summary: Despite the benefits of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in controlling diseases and insects, their accumulation in the soil system can pose a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. It is crucial to isolate and preconcentrate OPPs from the soil matrix to achieve reliable detection due to low residue levels and the complexity of the soil. Sample preparation techniques have been reported to improve analytical measurements, including recovery, precision, detection limit, and quantification limit. The efficiency of extraction depends on the interaction between OPPs and the extraction media.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
